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Distribution network usually refers to the rated voltage of 110KV and below, and the function of direct power supply to users in the power system. The reliability of distribution network power supply directly affects the safety and economy of electricity use. In recent years, with the development of the national economy, the power load has greatly increased. In some areas, the construction of distribution networks cannot keep up with the increase in power load, resulting in power outages and frequent power failures in some regions. At the same time, users are increasingly demanding power quality. Whether the dispatcher or the user is eager to quantify the safety and economic analysis of the distribution network, the accuracy and level of the decision making of the intelligent distribution network dispatcher are improved. Studying the short-circuit fault and single-phase-to-ground fault fast fault location scheme is of great significance to improving the reliability of the distribution network operation. Self-healing is one of the main functions for the safe and reliable operation of smart grids. Reliable detection is the basis for realizing the self-healing function. The probability of a single-phase earth fault in a distribution network is very high because I mostly use it for neutral point grounding in medium-voltage distribution networks and use arc-suppression coils for grounding. When single-phase earthed, it is difficult to find point failures. At present, the small current ground fault line selection technology has been basically mature, and the small current ground fault location technology has achieved good results in the field of transient signals. Based on the transient characteristics of transient components, the single-phase ground fault location technology of power distribution network and the transient characteristics of single-phase grounded neutral distribution network are studied. At the same time, single-phase ground fault detection and cross-section based on parameter identification and current abrupt change are explained. Positioning method, implementation technology of single-phase earth fault feature detection function of distribution automation terminal, and architecture, interface mode and implementation method of single-phase positioning application software for distribution network.