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Objective: To assess preadolescents' emotional reactions and intended use of refusal responses to tobacco and ecstasy., Methods: A total of 333 students from two junior schools in Baise City were recruited with cluster-sampling method, filled the questionnaire to assess a respondent's emotional reactions and refusal skills in response to an offer of tobacco and MDMA from Feb to Jul 2014., Results: 88. 89%-93. 39% of preadolescents would more likely to use "say no"and "tell them you don't want it". A series of 2( type of drug) × 2( offerer) × 2( sex) ANOVAs showed there were main effects for sex in "explicit refusal scale "( F = 8. 391, P = 0. 004), "excuse scale "( F =156. 560, P < 0. 001), "implicit refusal scale "( F = 84. 498, P < 0. 001), "aggression scale"( F = 31. 911, P < 0. 001). For the excuse scale, there were main effects for drug( F = 12. 009, P = 0. 001). A series of χ~2-tests showed that participants were more"curious"to MDMA offers than tobacco offers from close friends and acquaintances( χ~2=13. 76, P = 0. 0003; χ~2= 10. 24, P = 0. 002). For the close friends offers, participants were more "pleasure " to tobacco offers than MDMA offers( χ~2= 8. 33, P = 0. 006)., Conclusion: There were significant effects of sex and offers in refusal style for drug offers. Preadolescents would show different emotional reaction to type of drug supplier or provider.

Objective: To explore the prevalence of each of the refusal strategies (refuse, explain, leave) as they apply to tobacco offers and the relationship of self-efficacy, motivation and peer with tobacco refusal strategies., Methods: A total of 641 students from four high schools in Baise cities, ranging in age between 14 and 21 years, filled the general self-efficacy scale, smoking motivation questionnaire, refusal strategies questionnaire and peer questionnaire., Results: Adolescents were more likely to use the refuse (77.69%) and leave strategy (58.81%) for initial tobacco offers and follow-up tobacco offers. There were significant differences of self-efficacy scores in both refuse and leave strategy (7.169/0.000 and 7.647/0.000). Significant differences of motivation were seen in refuse strategy for initial tobacco offers and for follow-up tobacco offers (P < 0.05). Enhancement and social motivation showed significant differences in leave strategy for follow-up tobacco offers. The results of the logistic regression showed that self-efficacy was significant variable that predicted the use of explain strategy (beta = -0.078) and the use of leave strategy (beta = -0.081) for both initial tobacco refusals and follow-up tobacco refusals, while enhancement and coping motivation were significant for the use of leave strategy (beta = -0.621and beta = -0.303)., Conclusion: There were significant effects of self-efficacy and motivation in effecting explain and leave strategies for tobacco refusals.

Objective: To understand the relationship of self-efficacy and family factors of the middle school students in western of Guangxi., Methods: A total of 778 Zhuang students selected by stratified cluster sampling were questionnaired with the general perceived self-efficacy scale, parents' education scale and Family Environment Scale., Results: (1) Except of education of mother and parents' marriage (15.107/0.002, 6.018/0.049), there were no significant differences for other demography variables. (2) There was significant positive correlation between self-efficacy with cohesion, emotion expression, emotion warm and understanding, but negatively with conflict. (3) The multiple linear regression showed that self-efficacy was affected by cohesion, conflict, emotion warm and understanding, refusing and denying, over-protection and over-interference, as well as education of mother (F = 87.812, R2 = 0.558)., Conclusion: There was close relationship among self-efficacy, family environment and parents education. It was helpful to establish favorable self-efficacy in scientific education style and warm and understanding of family environment.

Objective: To explore the effects of alcohol on expressions of apoE in mice livers and brains at different concentrations, and further to elucidate the effectiveness., Methods: Sixty mice were randomly divided into the control group and 10%, 30%, 50% alcohol exposed groups (Fifteen mice in each group). Blood samples were collected at the ninth week, then livers and brains were separated from mice. Expressions of apoE were detected by immunohistochemistry, and lipids were determined by biochemistry techniques., Results: Compared with control group, the levers of apoE were significantly lower in the alcohol exposed groups except for the 10% group (P < 0.05), and but no significant in brains (P > 0.05). TC, TG and LDL-C levels were significantly higher in the alcohol groups except for the 10% group than in the control group (P < 0.05), and HDL-C were significantly lower in the alcohol exposed groups (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Long-term higher concentration alcohol intake decrease the expressions of apoE in livers and has an effect on lipids.