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An apparatus that accomplishes productive energy conversion by breaking conventional Kirchhoff's law is the nonreciprocal thermal emitter. Previous research universally focused on the nonreciprocal thermal emitter operated under transverse magnetic wave. The nonreciprocal thermal radiation proposed is operated under transverse electric (TE) wave, filling the gap in previous research. Meanwhile, the emitter, utilizing a photonic crystal (PC) heterostructure scheme composed of two one-dimensional PCs and an Al basement, accomplishes multi-channel nonreciprocal thermal radiation. With the external magnetic field of 3T, the emitter displays nonreciprocity behavior at bands of 15.933, 16.248, and 16.527 μm. Furthermore, under alternative sets of structural parameters, the structure can achieve four-port nonreciprocal radiation at bands of 16.437, 16.804, 17.139, and 17.478 μm. Both operating states indicate that the heterostructure under the magnetic field of 3 T exhibits nonreciprocal radiation performance for the TE wave. In addition, the exploration of the flat plate structure (IG)n(GI)mM shows that this scheme has multi-band nonreciprocity in TE wave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel embedded reflective grating (ERG) is presented to realize bi-function polarization operating at infrared band by finite element analysis (FEM). For transverse electric (TE) polarization, a two-port output (0th and −2nd orders) with an efficiency of more than 47% and excellent uniformity can be obtained. For transverse magnetic (TM) polarization, a high efficiency output of 94.72% can be achieved at the −2th order. The results of the analysis of the electric field intensity distribution, angular and wavelength bandwidths further demonstrate the advantages of the proposed grating. In addition, the tolerance analysis of period and duty cycle prove the feasibility of the grating in practical production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce the polarization sensitivity, a T-type grating with the material SiO2 is proposed on a reflective layer made of aluminum material. Based on structural parameters derived from rigorous coupled-wave analysis and simulated annealing, the described reflection beam splitter enables a nine-port separation under normal incidence. In addition, it demonstrates exceptional and uniform diffraction efficiency. For transverse electric polarization, the diffraction efficiencies of 0th, ±1st, ±2nd, ±3rd, and ±4th are 10.02%, 11.70%, 10.85%, 11.00%, and 10.03%, respectively. For transverse magnetic polarization, the diffraction efficiencies of 0th, ±1st, ±2nd, ±3rd, and ±4th are 12.54%, 10.13%, 9.51%, 10.46%, and 11.89%, respectively. The finite element technique is used to verify the diffraction efficiency values. In addition, a thorough analysis of the fabrication tolerance, wavelength bandwidth, and electromagnetic field dispersion is conducted. The outcome shows that the suggested grating structure has outstanding uniformity and efficiency, and these studies greatly enhance our knowledge of and progress toward the creation of the nine-port beam splitter. Consequently, there is a lot of room for the implementation of the suggested grating in multi-channel optical communication systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: HAEMOMASTER system developed by NIKKISO is a feedback control technology that combines blood volume monitoring, which is now increasingly used in many dialysis centers. We investigated the effectiveness and safety of five slopes provided by HAEMOMASTER system., Methods: Patients undergoing hemodialysis with the support of a blood volume monitor (BVM) were enrolled. The NIKKISO DBB-05 Hemodialysis machine had automatically recorded real-time data such as BV and BP. Data from the patients' previous 10 dialysis sessions were collected into the HAEMOMASTER system for data fitting and the calculated target ΔBV. Patients received dialysis treatment with five slopes of the HEAMOMASTER system. We record the actual ΔBV and reverse events of every slope. Relative index to ΔBV of different slopes and sub-analysis was conducted by two-variable Spearman correlation analysis., Results: One hundred participants entered, and 78 completed the study. Slope1 and Slope2 had a lower incidence of adverse reactions (5.3% and 3.8%) and higher correlation coefficients (0.827 and 0.831, P < .001), which means they can reflect dialysis physiology better. HEAMOMASTER system helps the hemodialysis physician develop an optimal individual hemodialysis plan for the patient, reduce adverse effects such as hypotension ,obvious sweating, palpitation, fatigue, and the hemodialysis process is interrupted or the ultrafiltration volume being adjusted., Conclusion: We evaluated the safety and effectiveness of the HAEMOMASTER System in hemodialysis patients. This study serves as a roadmap for the development and widespread use of the HAEMOMASTER system and a resource for the creation of novel biofeedback control strategies. The HAEMOMASTER system has good clinical application prospects in hemodialysis patients and can be used to develop individualized ultrafiltration schemes for patients and improve the comfort and safety of hemodialysis. Slope1 and Slope2 of HAEMOMASTER are more suitable for the majority of patients with a better fit to the actual physiological conditions and lower incidence of adverse events.