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3. Dual-Redundancy Steering by Wire Control System with High Safety

Author

Mi, Junnan, Wang, Tong, Cai, Zhikai, Chen, Xi, Lian, Xiaomin, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Jiming, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Hirche, Sandra, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martin, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Möller, Sebastian, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zhang, Junjie James, Series Editor, and (China SAE), China Society of Automotive Engineers, editor

Published
2020
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8. Piecewise integral-proportional wheel slip control for an in-wheel motor driven vehicle.

Author

Chen, Hao, Lian, Xiaomin, and Lyu, Chen

Subjects
*MOTOR vehicles, *TORQUE control, *ANTILOCK brake systems in automobiles, *ELECTRIC torque motors, *WHEELS, *VECTOR control, *ELECTRIC motors
Abstract

Because the wheel torque of an in-wheel motor driven vehicle (IMDV) is controllable independently and has a quick motor response, vehicle dynamics control performance is excellent, especially in wheel slip control. In this paper, a novel wheel slip controller for based on torque vectoring control scheme IMDVs is proposed. The upper limit torque is regulated by slip control torque, which changes the effective operational range of the motor. Torque coordination is naturally executed by re-distribution, with no additional rules. Further, the piecewise integral-proportional control strategy for slip regulation is introduced to reduce dependence on model fidelity. The integral control mitigates the slip phenomenon quickly through withdrawing wheel torque step by step, and proportional control recovers the driving force with the wheel remaining in the stable region. These two stages are independent so that the control parameters can be tuned individually. A stability control analysis is also presented. Moreover, detached and split roads are chosen as simulation scenarios, with performance comparable to the traditional PI method, and real vehicle tests are performed to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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31. Additional file 1 of Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 regulates the osteogenic differentiation of human ASCs by targeting the progesterone receptor

Author

Liu, Xuenan, Lian, Xiaomin, Liu, Xuejiao, Du, Yangge, Zhu, Yuan, Hu, Menglong, Zhang, Ping, Liu, Yunsong, and Zhou, Yongsheng

Abstract

Additional file 1: Figure S1 Knockdown of AKR1C1 did not influence the proliferation of hMSCs. Knockdown of AKR1C1 caused no significant differences in the proliferative capacities of the cells compared with NC cells during day 1 (1) to day 7 (7), as shown by the growth curve of cells. Figure S2 Overexpression of AKR1C1 by wildtype and mutant plasmids did not influence the proliferation of hMSCs. a In AKR1C1 knockdown cells (shAKR1C1-1), transfection of wild type and mutant plasmids caused no significant differences in the proliferative capacities of the cells compared with cells transfected with vector during day 1 (1) to day 7 (7), as shown by the growth curve of cells. b In AKR1C1 knockdown cells (shAKR1C1-2), transfection of wild type and mutant plasmids caused no significant differences in the proliferative capacities of the cells compared with cells transfected with vector during day 1 (1) to day 7 (7), as shown by the growth curve of cells. Figure S3 The regulation of AKR1C1 on hMSCs osteogenic capacity in vitro depended on its enzyme activity. a ALP staining indicated that overexpression of AKR1C1 by wild type plasmid (WT) in the AKR1C1 knockdown cells (shAKR1C1-2) downregulated the ALP activity whereas mutant plasmids (E127D, H222I and R304L) had no significant influence. The result of ALP quantification was consistent with the result of ALP staining. b The results of ARS staining and quantification were consistent with the results of ALP staining and quantification. c Overexpression of AKR1C1 by wild type plasmid (WT) in the AKR1C1 knockdown cells (shAKR1C1-2) downregulated the mRNA expression of RUNX2 and BGLAP whereas mutant plasmids (E127D, H222I and R304L) made no significant difference. d Western blot showed that transfection of wild type plasmid and mutant plasmids upregulated the protein expression of AKR1C1. The protein expression of RUNX2 was inhibited by transfection of wild type plasmid but not mutant plasmids. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Figure S4 The regulation of AKR1C1 on hMSCs adipogenic capacity in vitro depended on its enzyme activity. a Oil red O staining revealed that in the AKR1C1 knockdown cells (shAKR1C1-2), more lipid droplet formed in WT group, whereas mutant plasmids (E127D, H222I and R304L) made no significant difference. b Overexpression of AKR1C1 by wild type plasmid (WT) in the AKR1C1 knockdown cells (shAKR1C1-2) upregulated the mRNA expression of PPARγ and CEBPα whereas mutant plasmids (E127D, H222I and R304L) had no significant influence. c Western blot showed that transfection of wild type plasmid and mutant plasmids upregulated the protein expression of AKR1C1. The protein expression of PPARγ was promoted by transfection of wild type plasmid but not mutant plasmids. *p < 0.05. Figure S5 Histomorphometry analysis of the hMSCs-scaffold hybrids in heterotopic bone and adipose formation assay. a, c, d, e, g, h Histomorphometry analysis according to the H&E staining images of bone formation assay. b, f Histomorphometry analysis according to the masson’s staining images of bone formation assay. i, j Histomorphometry analysis according to the oil red O staining images of adipose formation assay. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared with NC or Vector. Figure S6 AKR1C1 regulated the osteogenic capacity of hMSCs in vivo through its enzyme activity. a H&E staining of vector, wild type (WT) and mutant groups of AKR1C1 knockdown cells (shAKR1C1-2) in heterotopic bone formation assay. b, e, f Histomorphometry analysis according to the H&E staining images. c Masson staining of vector, wild type (WT) and mutant groups of AKR1C1 knockdown cells (shAKR1C1-2) in heterotopic bone formation assay. d Histomorphometry analysis according to the masson’s staining images. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared with Vector. Figure S7 AKR1C1 regulated the adipogenic capacity of hMSCs in vivo through its enzyme activity. a H&E staining of vector, wild type (WT) and mutant groups of AKR1C1 knockdown cells (shAKR1C1-2) in heterotopic adipose tissue formation assay. b Oil red O staining of vector, wild type (WT) and mutant groups of AKR1C1 knockdown cells (shAKR1C1-2) in heterotopic adipose tissue formation assay. c Histomorphometry analysis according to the oil red O staining images. **p < 0.01 compared with Vector.

Published
2021
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46. Speed-adaptive motion control algorithm for differential steering vehicle.

Author

Du, Peng, Ma, Zhongmin, Chen, Hao, Xu, Da, Wang, Yuan, Jiang, Yanhua, and Lian, Xiaomin

Subjects
MOTION, ALGORITHMS, VEHICLES, STEERING gear, AUTOMOBILE steering gear, HYPERSONIC aerodynamics, TORQUE, FRICTION
Abstract

The differential steering vehicle uses the in-wheel motors to drive the wheels directly and individually. However, in order to deliver the required structural robustness, the differential steering vehicle discarded the mechanical steering system and achieved vehicle steering by applying differential speed between the left and right wheels. This paper presents a novel speed-adaptive motion control algorithm based on the unique chassis configuration to enhance the performance in vehicle handling and lateral stability. The proposed control method first estimates the driver's driving intention, from which reference wheel speeds are individually generated for each wheel based on their respective slipping and skidding status. Finally, the torque command is automatically adjusted by the speed-tracking controller by proactive adaptation of the wheel spinning resistance to effectively avoid excessive slip on low friction. This method exploits the fact that the torque at the steady state will always be equal to the available longitudinal force, thereby delivering the sophisticated tire force estimation without additional computational efforts, and ultimately helping conserve energy and promote lateral stability. The essential road information collected by this algorithm is also made available to drivers for improved vehicle controllability. The algorithm is subjected to three experimental case scenarios—pivot steering, low-friction driving, and curvilinear driving—through TruckSim–Simulink co-simulations and real vehicle tests, and the results have validated the algorithm in realizing the high-performance steering and maneuvering capabilities for six-wheeled differential steering vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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