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Carbon emissions at the provincial level are mostly calculated based on production responsibility, which ignores the carbon emission accounting perspectives of consumption and income responsibility. However, scientific accounting of carbon emissions from multiple perspectives is crucial to equitably distribute the responsibilities for reducing emissions. This study utilises an input–output model for multi-regional carbon emissions to calculate carbon emissions from production-, consumption- and income-based perspectives for exploring the variability in the responsibilities for reducing emissions at the provincial level. The Tapio decoupling coefficient is used to analyse the relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth in key provinces, and the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) model is used to determine the factors promoting or inhibiting the decoupling of carbon emissions under different responsibility perspectives. The results show that, firstly, the national carbon emissions illustrate the following trend: production-based emissions > income-based emissions > consumption-based emissions. Secondly, provinces in strong decoupling states are distributed in a northeast–southwest direction. Carbon emissions and decoupling situations differ among varying responsibility perspectives due to interprovincial transfers of carbon emissions. Thus, a compensation mechanism should be established to promote a fair and orderly peaking in each province. Lastly, carbon emission intensity is a factor promoting decoupling in all three perspectives. In the meantime, output scale, economic development and factor input are the major inhibiting factors for the decoupling of production-, consumption- and income-based emissions, respectively.

Objective This trial was conducted to explore the impact of different wilting time of Italian ryegrass (IRG) in the field on the nutritional quality and fermentation characteristics of its silage. Methods The harvested IRG was directly wilted in the field for 0 day (W0), 1 day (W1), 2 days (W2), and 3 days (W3), respectively, and tedded every 6 hours. And the preserved IRG was sampled at 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 45 days after ensiling and three replicates per treatment. Results With the extension of wilting, the dry matter (DM) content and pH value of wilted IRG gradually increased (p

Objective In this study, we explored the effect of fruit and vegetable waste addition on the quality of corn stalk silage. Methods Corn stalks were ensiled 20 days after ear harvesting and mixed with fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) consisting of apple, orange, broccoli, and Chinese cabbage waste as 3% of fresh matter. Fruit waste consisted of solid residue obtained after juicing, and vegetable waste was collected from farms and cut into small pieces (2 to 3 cm). The materials were stored anaerobically in 20-L silo buckets and opened after 60 days of fermentation. Results There were significant differences in dry matter (DM), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrient (TDN), and relative feed value (RFV) levels in FVW derived from all tested raw materials (p0.05) and significant decreases in yeast and mold counts (p

Objective To investigate, before and after sucrose challenge, the difference of saliva microbiome between caries-free (CF) and caries-active (CA) individuals, and to explore the potential key microorganisms that is more susceptible to sucrose challenge. Methods Eighteen systemic healthy volunteers, among which 8 were caries-free and 10 were caries-active, were recruited. Saliva samples were collected pre-treatment and at 30 min and 2 h after the sucrose treatment. Microbial diversity and community structure were analyzed and compared using Illumina sequencing platform. Results The diversity and abundance of saliva samples from caries-free individuals was similar to that from caries-active individuals before sucrose treatment. After 2 h of treatment, the microbial diversity of the CA group was significantly higher than that of the CF group (P

BackgroundCongenital tracheal stenosis (CTS) is a rare but life-threatening malformation of the trachea. Surgical reconstruction is the treatment of choice in symptomatic cases which is highly risky and is rarely performed in extremely premature infants. With this, reporting a case of CTS managed by tracheal reconstructive surgery under ECMO in a baby weighing 1.47 kg at 32 + 1 WOG was the first ever case in China.Case presentationA premature newborn with a very low birth weight (VLBW) was admitted to our institute for breathing difficulties, requiring mechanical ventilation, and experienced two unsuccessful attempts of extubation. The team performed tracheal reconstructive surgery supported by ECMO after identifying lower tracheal stenosis through a bronchoscopy examination. One month after the surgery, oxygen support was able to discontinue. The patient's entire hospitalization was incredibly challenging, marked by hemodynamic instability with persistent anemia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which were managed with great care. Despite the difficult stay, a follow-up bronchoscopy revealed no obstruction or tracheal stenosis, leading to a successful discharge.ConclusionAdvancements in diagnostic techniques and innovative management methods have made diagnosing and treating CTS easier, even in premature infants. Our case is the first in China to successfully undergo tracheal reconstructive surgery supported by ECMO, inspiring future achievements in the medical field.

Objective A study was conducted to quantify the performance differences of the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration models developed with different degrees of hay sample preparations. Methods A total of 227 imported alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and another 360 imported timothy (Phleum pratense L.) hay samples were used to develop calibration models for nutrient value parameters such as moisture, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude protein, and in vitro dry matter digestibility. Spectral data of hay samples prepared by milling into 1-mm particle size or unground were separately regressed against the wet chemistry results of the abovementioned parameters. Results The performance of the developed NIRS calibration models was evaluated based on R2, standard error, and ratio percentage deviation (RPD). The models developed with ground hay were more robust and accurate than those with unground hay based on calibration model performance indexes such as R2 (coefficient of determination), standard error, and RPD. Although the R2 of calibration models was mainly greater than 0.90 across the feed value indexes, the R2 of cross-validations was much lower. The R2 of cross-validation varies depending on feed value indexes, which ranged from 0.61 to 0.81 in alfalfa, and from 0.62 to 0.95 in timothy. Estimation of feed values in imported hay can be achievable by the calibrated NIRS. However, the NIRS calibration models must be improved by including a broader range of imported hay samples in the modeling. Conclusion Although the analysis accuracy of NIRS was substantially higher when calibration models were developed with ground samples, less sample preparation will be more advantageous for achieving rapid delivery of hay sample analysis results. Therefore, further research warrants investigating the level of sample preparations compromising analysis accuracy by NIRS.

In this study, a novel intelligent gel label for the real-time monitoring of the freshness of fresh-cut netted melon was fabricated using carrageenan, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and xanthan gum as the matrix materials and bromothymol blue (BTB) as the chromogenic indicator. The color of the gel label changed from blue to yellow-green, yellow-brown and orange-yellow according to the CO2 concentration inside the package, which could reflect the freshness of fresh-cut netted melon. The morphology and structure of the gel label were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetry (TG). The results showed the microstructure of the gel labels did not change with the addition of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and xanthan gum, which indicated the three components were well compatible, while the thermal stability of the gel label was improved with the addition of BTB. The gel label showed excellent color stability during storage at 4 or 25 ℃ and its color changed obviously with the storage of fresh-cut netted melon at 4 ℃. The correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between the label’s color difference and the CO2 concentration in the package as well as the pH and total aerobic plate counts of fresh-cut netted melon. This gel label had excellent pH sensitivity and thus could be used as an effective method for monitoring the freshness of fresh-cut netted melon.

Objective: The study established a nomogram based on quantitative parameters of spectral computed tomography (CT) and clinical characteristics, aiming to evaluate its predictive value for preoperative lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in gastric cancer (GC). Methods: From December 2019 to December 2021, 171 patients with pathologically confirmed GC were retrospectively collected with corresponding clinical data and spectral CT quantitative data. Patients were divided into LVI-positive and LVI-negative groups based on their pathological results. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors and construct a nomogram. The calibration curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were adopted to evaluate the predictive accuracy of nomogram. Results: Four clinical characteristics or spectral CT quantitative parameters, including Borrmann classification (P = 0.039), CA724 (P = 0.007), tumor thickness (P = 0.031), and iodine concentration in the venous phase (VIC) (P = 0.004) were identified as independent factors for LVI in GC patients. The nomogram was established based on the four factors, which had a potent predictive accuracy in the training, internal validation and external validation cohorts, with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.864 (95% CI, 0.798–0.930), 0.964 (95% CI, 0.903–1.000) and 0.877 (95% CI, 0.759–0.996), respectively. Conclusion: This study constructed a comprehensive nomogram consisting spectral CT quantitative parameters and clinical characteristics of GC, which exhibited a robust efficiency in predicting LVI in GC patients.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a perilous disease that precipitates right ventricular hypertrophy, induces right heart failure, and exerts deleterious ramifications on prognostic outcomes. The establishment of atrial communication can create a right-to-left shunt, thereby ameliorating hemodynamic parameters. Previous reports suggested that opening of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) was common in patients with severe PAH, but exhibited no discernible impact on long-term survival. We reported the case of a 39-year-old man with severe idiopathic PAH, who underwent reopening of the PFO due to severe cough and hemoptysis, followed by a marked amelioration in symptoms and a substantial decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure. The patient has survived for more than 12 years, persisting in World Health Organization functional class Ⅱ with mild PAH.

BackgroundRecently, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has been used in the diagnosis of infectious diseases (IDs) as an emerging and powerful tool. However, whether the complicated methodological variation in mNGS detections makes a difference in their clinical performance is still unknown. Here we conducted a method study on the clinical application of mNGS tests in the DNA detection of IDs.MethodsWe analyzed the effect of several potential factors in the whole process of mNGS for DNA detection on microorganism identification in 98 samples of suspected ID patients by amplification-based mNGS. The amplification-based and amplification-free mNGS tests were successfully performed in 41 samples. Then we compared the clinical application of the two mNGS methods in the DNA detection of IDs.ResultsWe found that a higher concentration of extracted nucleic acid was more conducive to detecting microorganisms. Other potential factors, such as read depth and proportion of human reads, might not be attributed to microorganism identification. The concordance rate of amplification-based and amplification-free mNGS results was 80.5% (33/41) in the patients with suspected IDs. Amplification-based mNGS showed approximately 16.7% higher sensitivity than amplification-free mNGS. However, 4 cases with causative pathogens only detected by amplification-based mNGS were finally proved false-positive. In addition, empirical antibiotic treatments were adjusted in 18 patients following mNGS testing with unexpected pathogens.ConclusionsAmplification-based and amplification-free mNGS tests showed their specific advantages and disadvantages in the diagnosis of IDs. The clinical application of mNGS still needs more exploration from a methodological perspective. With advanced technology and standardized procedure, mNGS will play a promising role in the diagnosis of IDs and help guide the use of antibiotics.

Malignant tumor seriously endangers human life and health. Radiotherapy is currently one of the most common treatments for malignant tumor. However, ionizing radiation (IR) can cause radiation resistance of tumor cells and damage normal tissue cells, thereby limiting the clinical application of radiotherapy. Natural polyphenols not only can improve the radiosensitivity of tumor cells, but also can alleviate the negative effects of IR on the body, thus playing an important role in tumor treatment. Dysregulation of non-coding RNA plays an important role in the occurrence and development of many diseases. In recent years, studies have found that the anti-tumor and radiosensitization effects of polyphenols are associated with non-coding RNA regulation. In this context, this paper reviews the anti-tumor and radiosensitization effects of natural polyphenols and their mechanisms, especially from the perspective of non-coding RNA regulation, in order to provide new ideas for the intervention and treatment of tumors and other diseases, as well as the development of food products for special medical purposes.

Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a valuable annual forage crop in Korea but there is limited information about the impact of chemical and biological additives on fermentation characteristics of the crop. This experiment was conducted to investigate fermentation dynamics of wilted forage rye treated with the following six additives; control (no additive), sodium diacetate applied at 3 g/kg wilted forage weight (SDA3), 6 g/kg wilted forage weight (SDA6), inoculations (106 CFU/g wilted forage) of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), L. buchneri (LB), or LP+LB. The ensiled rye sampled at 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 45 days indicated that the acidification occurred fast within five days of storage than the rest of the storage period. The microbial inoculants decline the pH of ensiled forage, more rapidly than the control or SDA treated, which accompanied by the decrease of water-soluble carbohydrates and increase of lactic acid. Compared with the control silage, all treatments suppressed ammonia-nitrogen formation below to 35 g/kg DM throughout the sampling period. Suppression of total microbial counting occurred in SDA6, LP, and LP + LB. The lactic acid production rates were generally higher in microbial inoculation treatments. Acetic acid concentration was lowest in the LP-treated silage and highest in the SDA- and LB-treated silages. The in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility and total digestible nutrients were the highest in the silage treated with SDA (6 g/kg) at day 45 of ensiling. Based on lower ammonia-nitrogen concentrations and higher feed value, ensiling forage rye treated with SDA at 6 g/kg is promising through enhanced silage quality.

Objective The primary goal was to identify the effectiveness of chemical or biological additives in delaying the deterioration of early-harvested wilted rye silage after exposure to air. Methods Rye harvested as a whole plant at the early heading stage was wilted for 24 h. The wilted forage was divided into treatments including sodium diacetate (SDA) at 3 (SDA3) and 6 g/kg (SDA6), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), L. buchneri (LB), or their equal mixture (LP+LB) at 1×106 colony-forming unit/g fresh matter. Results After 60 d of conservation in 20-L silos, lactic acid was greater in LP and LP+LB silages than other treatments (102 vs 90.2 g/kg dry matter [DM]). Acetic acid was greatest in SDA6 (32.0 g/kg DM) followed by LB (26.1 g/kg DM) and was lowest in LP treatment (4.73 g/kg DM). Silage pH was lower with microbial inoculation and the lowest and highest values were observed in LP and untreated silages, respectively. After 60 d, neutral detergent fiber concentration was lowest in SDA6 silages, resulting in the greatest in vitro DM digestibility (846 g/kg DM). Aerobic stability was longest in SDA6 (176 h) followed by LB treatment (134 h). Instability after aerobiosis was greatest in LP silages (68 h), about 8 h less than untreated silages. After aerobic exposure, yeast and mold numbers were lowest in SDA6 silages, resulting in DM loss minimization. Exhaustion of acetic acid and lactic acid after aerobic exposure was lowest with SDA6 but greatest with untreated and LP silages. Conclusion Treatment of early-cut wilted rye forage with SDA at 6 g/kg resulted in silages with higher feeding value and fermentation quality, and substantially delayed deterioration after aerobic exposure, potentially qualifying SDA at this load for promotion of silage quality and delaying aerobic spoilage of early-harvested (low DM) rye forage.

Abstract Background Previous studies have indicated that the ratio of lactate/albumin (L/A) has predictive value for the prognosis of critically ill patients with heart failure. Some studies have also indicated that a low serum bicarbonate concentration is inversely related to the mortality risk of patients with cardiogenic shock. However, the value of bicarbonate and the L/A ratio for predicting the mortality risk of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is still unclear. We therefore conducted a retrospective study to research this problem. Methods The subjects of this study were patients with AMI, and the data source was the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III database. The primary endpoint was 30-day all-cause mortality after admission. The Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to compare the predictive value of L/A ratio, lactate and albumin for end-point events. The effects of different L/A ratio levels and different bicarbonate concentrations on 7-day and 30-day all-cause mortality were compared using Kaplan–Meier (K-M) curves. Hazard ratios for different L/A ratio and different bicarbonate concentrations were investigated using COX proportional hazards models. Results The Area Under Curve (AUC) of L/A ratio, lactate, and albumin were 0.736, 0.718, and 0.620, respectively. (1) L/A ratio: The patients were divided into three groups according to their L/A ratio: tertile T1 (L/A ratio ≤ 0.47), tertile T2 (L/A ratio ≤ 0.97), and tertile T3 (L/A ratio > 0.97). The T2 and T3 groups had higher 30-day all-cause mortality risks than the T1 group. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) model indicated that there was a nonlinear relationship between L/A ratio and 30-day mortality (P 27 mmol/L). The G2 and G3 groups had higher 30-day all-cause mortality risks than the G1 group. The RCS model indicated that there was a nonlinear relationship between bicarbonate concentration and 30-day mortality (P

This article begins with a review of the publications by Dr. Henry C. Lu, a Canadian-Chinese traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) scholar, educator and writer, and founder of a Vancouver-based TCM college. Dr. Lu has translated many TCM classics and written books extensively on TCM education, TCM clinical practice and Mandarin-Chinese grammar. Aside from his widespread prominence as one of the representative English translators of Huangdi Neijing (The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic), Dr. Lu is also noted for his pioneering role in the promotion of TCM education in British Columbia, where he lived and worked for more than half of his life. By making references to and drawing lessons from Dr. Lu’s four-decade-long efforts to help TCM gain legal status and to promote wider application of TCM in Canada, this article also puts forth suggestions for overseas TCM education and international TCM standards for building a global community with a shared future.

BackgroundMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered a preclinical stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). People with MCI have a higher risk of developing dementia than healthy people. As one of the risk factors for MCI, stroke has been actively treated and intervened. Therefore, selecting the high-risk population of stroke as the research object and discovering the risk factors of MCI as early as possible can prevent the occurrence of MCI more effectively.MethodsThe Boruta algorithm was used to screen variables, and eight machine learning models were established and evaluated. The best performing models were used to assess variable importance and build an online risk calculator. Shapley additive explanation is used to explain the model.ResultsA total of 199 patients were included in the study, 99 of whom were male. Transient ischemic attack (TIA), homocysteine, education, hematocrit (HCT), diabetes, hemoglobin, red blood cells (RBC), hypertension, prothrombin time (PT) were selected by Boruta algorithm. Logistic regression (AUC = 0.8595) was the best model for predicting MCI in high-risk groups of stroke, followed by elastic network (ENET) (AUC = 0.8312), multilayer perceptron (MLP) (AUC = 0.7908), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) (AUC = 0.7691), and support vector machine (SVM) (AUC = 0.7527), random forest (RF) (AUC = 0.7451), K-nearest neighbors (KNN) (AUC = 0.7380), decision tree (DT) (AUC = 0.6972). The importance of variables suggests that TIA, diabetes, education, and hypertension are the top four variables of importance.ConclusionTransient ischemic attack (TIA), diabetes, education, and hypertension are the most important risk factors for MCI in high-risk groups of stroke, and early intervention should be performed to reduce the occurrence of MCI.

Introduction: Sanjin tablets (SJT) are a well-known Chinese patent drug that have been used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) for the last 40 years. The drug consists of five herbs, but only 32 compounds have been identified, which hinders the clarification of its effective substances and mechanism.Methods: The chemical constituents of SJT and their effective substances and functional mechanism involved in the treatment of UTIs were investigated by using high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-ion trap-time of flight-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-IT-TOF-MSn), network pharmacology, and molecular docking.Results: A total of 196 compounds of SJT (SJT-MS) were identified, and 44 of them were unequivocally identified by comparison with the reference compounds. Among 196 compounds, 13 were potential new compounds and 183 were known compounds. Among the 183 known compounds, 169 were newly discovered constituents of SJT, and 93 compounds were not reported in the five constituent herbs. Through the network pharmacology method, 119 targets related to UTIs of 183 known compounds were predicted, and 20 core targets were screened out. Based on the “compound–target” relationship analysis, 94 compounds were found to act on the 20 core targets and were therefore regarded as potential effective compounds. According to the literature, 27 of the 183 known compounds were found to possess antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities and were verified as effective substances, of which 20 were first discovered in SJT. Twelve of the 27 effective substances overlapped with the 94 potential effective compounds and were determined as key effective substances of SJT. The molecular docking results showed that the 12 key effective substances and 10 selected targets of the core targets have good affinity for each other.Discussion: These results provide a solid foundation for understanding the effective substances and mechanism of SJT.

AIM: To observe the changes of disease spectrum and characteristics of orbital disease distribution in orbital outpatients, introduce the procedures and methods of diagnosis and treatment of orbital diseases in our hospital and define the work focus and social needs in orbital disease. METHODS: Prospective observational study. A registration form was designed to record the gender, age and diagnosis of orbital outpatients in our treatment group. The orbital diseases were divided into seven categories for statistical analysis. The composition ratio, male to female ratio, age of onset, subtypes of dominant diseases and the top three common diseases were analyzed. This paper introduces the diagnosis and treatment process of the orbital disease specialty clinic of our hospital.RESULTS: A total of 1 059 patients with orbital diseases were registered from April 1 to December 31, 2021. The most common orbital diseases were thyroid-related ophthalmopathy(TAO)in 325 cases(30.7%), followed by orbital tumors in 282 cases(26.6%), orbital trauma in 213 cases(20.1%), orbital inflammation in 205 cases(19.4%). Orbital vascular malformation, congenital and genetic venereal diseases and other orbital diseases were 34 cases(3.2%). Pathological diagnosis: orbital tumors in 150 cases(72.8%)were benign, the first three benign tumors were hemolymphangioma, orbital cyst and neurogenic tumor. Orbital tumors in 56 cases were malignant(27.2%), the first three malignant tumors were orbital lymphoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland and rhabdomyosarcoma. The most common orbital injury was orbital blowout fracture, followed by optic nerve injury and orbital soft tissue injury. Orbital non-infectious inflammation accounted for 89.8% and 10.2% with infectious inflammation.CONCLUSION: The spectrum of orbital diseases has changed, and the most common and dominant diseases are TAO, orbital tumor, orbital trauma and orbital inflammation, accounting for 96.8% of the total, which are the main work content in orbital profession. Medical resources of orbital diseases should be rationally allocated according to the changes of disease spectrum to meet the needs of social development.

Objective: This trial was conducted to explore the impact of different wilting time of Italian ryegrass (IRG) in the field on the nutritional quality and fermentation characteristics of its silage. Methods: The harvested IRG was directly wilted in the field for 0 day (W0), 1 day (W1), 2 days (W2), and 3 days (W3), respectively, and tedded every 6 hours. And the preserved IRG was sampled at 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 45 days after ensiling and three replicates per treatment. Results: With the extension of wilting, the dry matter (DM) content and pH value of wilted IRG gradually increased (p<0.05). There was a downward trend in; neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and hemicellulose with the increase of wilting time, but only W2 and W3 were significantly different from W0 (p<0.05). Crude protein (CP), in vitro DM digestibility), total digestible nutrients (TDN), and relative feed value decreased significantly with the increase of wilting time (p<0.05), except for W1. After 45 days of ensiling, W1 had the highest CP, TDN, and the lowest ADF and NDF. During ensiling, the increase of acetic acid and the decrease of WSC in W0 and W1 were similar, but the accumulation rate of lactic acid in W0 was faster than that in W1, resulting in the lowest pH value in W0. After 5 days of ensiling, the ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid in W1 stabilized at around 3:1, while W0 kept changing. Conclusion: Italian ryegrass that wilted in the field for 1 day effectively improved the dynamic changes in CP, TDN, ADF, and NDF and fermentation quality of silage. Therefore, in practice, W1 was more recommended in production of IRG silage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of harvest time, cellulase, lactic acid bacteria, and ensiling with alfalfa hay on the chemical parameters, bacterial community composition, and fermentation of corn stalk silage. Corn stalks were ensiled after the ear harvest at 0 days (D0) and 20 days (D20). Each harvest was treated with alfalfa hay [AL, 5% of fresh matter (FM)], Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) (1 × 106 CFU/g of FM), Trichoderma cellulase (TC) (100 mg/kg of FM), or both Lp and TC (Lp+TC). The silos were opened after 60 days of fermentation. The dry matter (DM) content of raw materials increased from 18.79% to 28.32% with the harvest time. The acid detergent fiber (ADF) content also significantly increased (p < 0.05), while water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) significantly decreased (p < 0.05). After 60 days, the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ADF contents increased, and all chemical composition and fermentation state parameters of silages had significant differences (p < 0.05) with the harvest time. Compared with the control group, the AL treatment resulted in higher (p < 0.05) DM and crude protein (CP) contents, and the Lp+TC treatment resulted in a lower NDF (p < 0.05) content. For D0, the TC and Lp+TC treatments resulted in a higher WSC content and lower NDF and ADF contents than in D20. Meanwhile, the ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) content in each treatment was less than 10% of the DM. The pH values were all approximately 3.70. The AL treatment significantly increased the lactic acid (LA) content and lactic/acetic acid ratio (LA/AA). Additionally, the silages had a similar microbial environment before and after fermentation. We recommend harvesting corn stalks for silage immediately after the corn ear harvest. Adding cellulase improved the corn stalk feed value, and ensiling with alfalfa hay improved its fermentation quality.

An asexual fungus, collected from diseased leaves of Paphiopedilum sp. from Guizhou Province, China, and based on the phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters, it was identified as a new species in Curvicladiella. The genus Curvicladiella are recorded for the first time for China.The morphology of Curvicladiella paphiopedili sp. nov. is characterised by penicillate conidiophores with a stipe, dull, tapering towards the apex, the curved stipe extension and cylindrical conidia. In the phylogenetic analyses of combined cmdA, his3, ITS, LSU, tef1 and tub2 sequence data, this taxon was clustered as sister to Curvicladiella cignea within Nectriaceae.

Due to the research paradigm of the conventional Visible Light Communications (VLC), researchers usually assume that the optical sources follow the Lambertian spatial radiation characteristics. Objectively, this assumption ignores that the potential heterogeneous optical beams based on distinct beams, and the essential exploration for the coverage of the VLC based on the above heterogeneous optical beams. To address the issue, we comprehensively consider the distinct non-Lambertian optical beams characteristics of commercial light emitting diodes, and provide several potential heterogeneous optical beams configuration. Simultaneously, in typical indoor scenario, the coverage characteristics are compared between the conventional Lambertian beam based transmitter configuration and the proposed heterogeneous optical beams configuration. Numerical results show that, compared with the well-known Lambertian transmitter design, the proposed heterogeneous optical beams configuration could provide up to 1.97 dB minimum Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) gain, and modify the SNR fluctuation extent from about 22.75 dB of original design to about 15.33 dB in the heterogeneous configuration. Moreover, via the heterogeneous configuration, the weak coverage proportion with lower than 30 dB SNR, is reduced to about 7.23% from original proportion of about 13.2%. Therefore, to indoor spatial coverage, the effects induced by the heterogeneous optical beams are verified preliminarily.

Aim: The effects of tirofiban combined with nicorandil on effective reperfusion, and the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic coronary total occlusion (CTO) were investigated. Method: From January 1, 2017, to June 31, 2019, a total of 40 patients with CTO receiving PCI in Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital were randomly divided into a control group (treated with single tirofiban) and a cocktail group (treated with nicorandil combined with tirofiban). Effective reperfusion was compared between groups. In addition, differences in coronary serum IL-4 and sICAM-1 levels before and 10 min after the operation were compared between groups, and the incidence rates of adverse reactions were observed. Finally, patient follow-up occurred at 1 month and 6 months, and the total incidence rates of adverse cardiac events in both groups were assessed. Results: The levels of IL-4 and sICAM-1 in the cocktail group significantly decreased after the operation (P0.05). Conclusion: The treatment of patients with CTO undergoing PCI with nicorandil and tirofiban alleviated the inflammatory response, improved the SAQ scores, and decreased the occurrence of angina pectoris in patients. Moreover, this treatment is safe and reliable, and has important clinical significance.

Background: Reflective practice is an educational strategy and an essential part of the professional development of nurses. However, there are few reflective journals in the master of nursing specialist program or clinical nursing education. Objectives: Based on Gibbs' reflective cycle theory, masters of nursing specialists (MNS) will use a diary to record their reflections on a particular clinical event. The purpose of this study was to identify reflective practice as tool to help MNS improve their professional and personal development. Design: A descriptive qualitative study. Methods: The purposive sampling method was used in the qualitative study. The data were derived from the master of nursing specialist who interned at the hospital from June to December 2021. After completing the job rotation and relevant course training within 6 months, a clinical experience was selected as a reflection. The traditional qualitative content analysis method was applied to analyze the collected data in the research. Results: A total of 10 reflective diaries completed by ten students were analyzed. This qualitative study demonstrated that the Gibbs' reflective cycle is valuable and helpful in the clinical practice of master of nursing specialists. This program helps master of nursing specialists reflect on their clinical practice and translate real-life experiences into valuable learning experiences for developing their professional development and personal skills. Conclusions: By writing reflection diaries, master of nursing specialists can reflect on the problems encountered during clinical rotations and take action following that reflection, which can assist them in improving their professional development and personal skills to handle clinical nursing aspects in the future, as well as improve their full participation in clinical practice.

Abstract STEAP3 (Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 3, TSAP6, dudulin-2) has been reported to be involved in tumor progression in human malignancies. Nevertheless, how it participates in the progression of human cancers, especially HCC, is still unknown. In the present study, we found that STEAP3 was aberrantly overexpressed in the nuclei of HCC cells. In a large cohort of clinical HCC tissues, high expression level of nuclear STEAP3 was positively associated with tumor differentiation and poor prognosis (p

Recently, non-fullerene-based organic solar cells (OSCs) have made great breakthroughs, and small structural differences can have dramatic impacts on the power conversion efficiency (PCE). We take ITIC and its isomers as examples to study their effects on the performance of OSCs. ITIC and NFBDT only differed in the side chain position, and they were used as models with the same donor molecule, PBDB-T, to investigate the main reasons for the difference in their performance in terms of theoretical methods. In this work, a detailed comparative analysis of the electronic structure, absorption spectra, open circuit voltage and interfacial parameters of the ITIC and NFBDT systems was performed mainly by combining the density functional theory/time-dependent density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations. The results showed that the lowest excited state of the ITIC molecule possessed a larger ∆q and more hybrid FE/CT states, and PBDB-T/ITIC had more charge separation paths as well as a larger kCS and smaller kCR. The reason for the performance difference between PBDB-T/ITIC and PBDB-T/NFBDT was elucidated, suggesting that ITIC is a superior acceptor based on a slight modulation of the side chain and providing a guiding direction for the design of superior-performing small molecule acceptor materials.

Abstract Background Evidence suggests gut microbiome is associated with diabetes. However, it’s unclear whether the association remains in non-diabetic participants. A Chinese monozygotic twin study, in which the participants are without diabetes, and are not taking any medications, was conducted to explore the potential association. Methods Nine pairs of adult monozygotic twins were enrolled and divided into two twin-pair groups (a and b). Clinical and laboratory measurements were conducted. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was assessed. Fecal samples were collected to analyze the microbiome composition by 16S rDNA gene amplicon sequencing. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was performed to detect the metabolites. Results The participants aged 53 years old averagely, with 8 (88.9%) pairs were women. All the participants were obese with VAT higher than 100 cm2 (152.2 ± 31.6). There was no significant difference of VAT between the twin groups (153.6 ± 30.4 cm2 vs. 150.8 ± 29.5 cm2, p = 0.54). Other clinical measurements, including BMI, lipid profiles, fasting insulin and blood glucose, were also not significantly different between groups (p ≥ 0.056), whereas HbA1c level of group a is significantly higher than group b (5.8 ± 0.3% vs. 5.6 ± 0.2%, p = 0.008). The number and richness of OTUs are relatively higher in group a, and 13 metabolites were significantly different between two groups. Furthermore, several of the 13 metabolites could be significantly linked to special taxons. The potential pathway involved drug metabolism-other enzymes, Tryptophan metabolism and Citrate cycle. Conclusions Gut microbiome composition and their metabolites may modulate glucose metabolism in obese adults without diabetes, through Tryptophan metabolism, Citrate cycle and other pathways.

Abstract. Background:. The impacts of previous cardio-cerebrovascular disease (pre-CCVD) on the outcomes of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are not well described. Patients with pre-CCVD may often be poor candidates for HCT. This study aimed to investigate the impact of pre-CCVD on transplant outcomes. Methods:. A retrospective study was conducted between patients with and without pre-CCVD who consecutively received allogeneic or autologous HCT between November 2013 and January 2020 with a matching of age and disease status. The cardiovascular complications and HCT outcomes of the two groups were evaluated and compared. The primary endpoints were post-transplant cardio-cerebrovascular disease (post-CCVD) and non-relapse mortality (NRM). We used a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model and the Fine-Gray competing risk regressions for analyses to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs). Results:. The outcomes of 23 HCT recipients with pre-CCVD were compared with those of 107 patients in the control group. No significant differences were noted in terms of engraftment, overall survival (OS) (67.00% vs. 67.90%, P = 0.983), or relapse (29.78% vs. 28.26%, P = 0.561) between the pre-CCVD group and the control group. The cumulative incidences of 2-year NRM were similar between patients with pre-CCVD and the controls (14.68% vs. 17.08%, P = 0.670). However, pre-CCVD was associated with an increased incidence of post-CCVD (HR: 12.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.88–40.30, P

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the routine performance of all universities was disrupted. It is a common problem faced by many colleges and universities that experimental teaching cannot be effectively carried out. The online experimental teaching course of medical microbiology on MOEC platform was applied in undergraduates in School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology. This paper summarized the curriculum of designing, running, and the rules of evaluation of the training course.

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is reported to accelerate atherosclerosis and the development of adverse cardiac outcomes. Relationship between coronary atherosclerotic burden and TMAO has been examined in stable coronary artery disease and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, but not in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). We examined the association between TMAO and coronary atherosclerotic burden in NSTEMI. In this prospective cohort study, two groups including NSTEMI (n = 73) and age-sex matched Healthy (n = 35) individuals were enrolled between 2019 and 2020. Coronary atherosclerotic burden was stratified based on the number of diseased coronary vessels and clinical risk scores including SYNTAX and GENSINI. Fasting plasma TMAO was measured by isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography. The median plasma TMAO levels were significantly higher in the NSTEMI group than in the Healthy group, respectively (0.59 μM; interquartile range [IQR]: 0.43-0.78 versus 0.42 μM; IQR: 0.33-0.64; P = 0.006). Within the NSTEMI group, higher TMAO levels were observed in the multivessel disease (MVD) versus single vessel disease (P = 0.002), and intermediate-high risk (score ≥ 23) versus low risk (score < 23) of SYNTAX (P = 0.003) and GENSINI (P = 0.005). TMAO level remained an independent predictor of MVD (odds ratio [OR]: 5.94, P = 0.005), intermediate-high risk SYNTAX (OR: 3.61, P = 0.013) and GENSINI scores (OR: 4.60, P = 0.008) following adjustment for traditional risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis for TMAO predicted MVD (AUC: 0.73, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 0.60-0.86, P = 0.002), intermediate-high SYNTAX score (AUC: 0.70, 95% Cl: 0.58-0.82, P = 0.003) and GENSINI score (AUC: 0.70, 95% Cl: 0.57-0.83, P = 0.005). In all, TMAO levels are independently associated with high coronary atherosclerotic burden in NSTEMI.

The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda, which originated in the Americas, is advancing across China and threatening the nation's maize crops. Currently, one widely used tool for its control is genetically modified (GM) Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize. Sufficient content of Bt protein in appropriate plant parts is crucial for enhancing resistance against insect pests. In this study, we conducted a systematic investigation of Cry1Ab levels in Chinese domestic GM maize DBN9936, which has recently obtained a biosafety certificate, and evaluated its efficacy against FAW. Quantification of expression levels of Cry1Ab, via ELISA, indicated a spatio-temporal dynamic, with significant variation of mean Cry1Ab, ranging from 0.76 to 8.48 μg g−1 FW with the Cry1Ab protein level ranked as: V6–V8 leaf>R1 leaf>R4 leaf>R1 silk>VT tassel>R4 kernel. Among the nine locations, the Cry1Ab levels in DBN9936 of the Xinxiang, Langfang, and Harbin fields were significantly lower than those from Wuhan and Shenyang, and were slightly, but not significantly lower than those from the other four fields. Furthermore, the artificial diet–Cry1Ab mixture and plant tissue feeding bioassays revealed that DBN9936 has high efficacy against FAW. The insecticidal efficacy of different tissues against FAW larvae reached 34–100% with a descending order of lethality as follows: VT leaf>R4 leaf>R1 husk>R1 silk>VT tassel>R4 kernel. Taken together, our results showed that Bt-Cry1Ab maize DBN9936 has potential as a promising strategy to manage FAW.

As a medical journal during the republican period, Zhong Xi Yi Xue Bao (《中西医学报》 The International Medical Journal) was characterized by rich and popular content, wide range of knowledge, and better popularization. It had played an important role in spreading modern Western medicine and popularizing medical knowledge in China, promoted the development of modern Chinese medicine and its integration with Western medicine, thus provided essential research value and far-reaching influence for medical science.

Background An impeccable female meiotic prophase is critical for producing a high‐quality oocyte and, ultimately, a healthy newborn. SYCP3 is a key component of the synaptonemal complex regulating meiotic homologous recombination. However, what regulates SYCP3 stability is unknown. Methods Fertility assays, follicle counting, meiotic prophase stage (leptotene, zygotene, pachytene and diplotene) analysis and live imaging were employed to examine how FBXW24 knockout (KO) affect female fertility, follicle reserve, oocyte quality, meiotic prophase progression of female germ cells, and meiosis of oocytes. Western blot and immunostaining were used to examined the levels & signals (intensity, foci) of SYCP3 and multiple key DSB indicators & repair proteins (γH2AX, RPA2, p‐CHK2, RAD51, MLH1, HORMAD1, TRIP13) after FBXW24 KO. Co‐IP and immuno‐EM were used to examined the interaction between FBXW24 and SYCP3; Mass spec was used to characterize the ubiquitination sites in SYCP3; In vivo & in vitro ubiquitination assays were utilized to determine the key sites in SYCP3 & FBXW24 for ubiquitination. Results Fbxw24‐knockout (KO) female mice were infertile due to massive oocyte death upon meiosis entry. Fbxw24‐KO oocytes were defective due to elevated DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) and inseparable homologous chromosomes. Fbxw24‐KO germ cells showed increased SYCP3 levels, delayed prophase progression, increased DSBs, and decreased crossover foci. Next, we found that FBXW24 directly binds and ubiquitinates SYCP3 to regulate its stability. In addition, several key residues important for SYCP3 ubiquitination and FBXW24 ubiquitinating activity were characterized. Conclusions We proposed that FBXW24 regulates the timely degradation of SYCP3 to ensure normal crossover and DSB repair during pachytene. FBXW24‐KO delayed SYCP3 degradation and DSB repair from pachytene until metaphase II (MII), ultimately causing failure in oocyte maturation, oocyte death, and infertility.

Abstract Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in cancer tumorigenesis and progression, representing prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this case, we demonstrated the role of circ-NOLC1 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Our results have shown that Circ-NOLC1 expression was higher in EOC tissues than in normal tissues, and was positively associated with FIGO stage, differentiation. Among ovarian cancer cell lines, circ-NOLC1 expression was the highest in A2780, and lowest in CAOV3. Overexpression of circ-NOLC1 in CAOV3 cells increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability, whereas silencing of circ-NOLC1 in A2780 cells had the opposite effect: however, neither circ-NOLC1 downregulation nor overexpression influenced NOLC1 mRNA expression. In nude mice with subcutaneous tumors, circ-NOLC1 downregulation decreased tumor growth. Bioinformatic analysis and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation showed that circ-NOLC1 could bind to ESRP1. In addition, the overexpression of circ-NOLC1 significantly increased ESRP1, RhoA, and CDK1 protein and mRNA expression level; circ-NOLC1 downregulation had the opposite effects. The tumor-promoting effect of circ-NOLC1 was inhibited by knockdown of ESRP1, CDK1, or RhoA expression in circ-NOLC1-overexpressing cells, which might act by modulating RhoA and CDK1 expression. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that Circ-NOLC1 might promote EOC tumorigenesis and development by binding ESRP1 and modulating CDK1 and RhoA expression.

AI (artificial intelligence) planning is an important branch of artificial intelligence. Planning decomposition is an important topic of intelligent planning research, which plays a key role in improving planning speed and reducing the scale of planning expansion. The decomposition algorithm in intelligent planning is studied extensively and deeply, and the development history is introduced comprehensively. This paper expounds and analyzes the general forms of planning decomposition, and classifies the planning decomposition from various situations, in which key methods and popular applications of planning decomposition are mainly introduced. The main contents and advantages of the decomposition method are introduced from the aspects of traditional methods, abstraction levels, constraint satisfaction problems, sub-objective ordering, etc. Application areas include improvements in planning algorithms, multi-agent systems, software test-case generation, large Markov decision processes, etc. This paper summarizes the problems and deficiencies of the existing planning decomposition, and analyzes the future direction.

Abstract To explore the characteristics and prognostic significance of genetic mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we screened the gene mutation profile of 171 previously untreated AML patients using a next‐generation sequencing technique targeting 127 genes with potential prognostic significance. A total of 390 genetic alterations were identified in 149 patients with a frequency of 87.1%. Younger age and high sensitivity to induction chemotherapy were associated with a lower number of mutations. NPM1 mutation was closely related to DNMT3A and FLT3‐internal tandem duplication (FLT3‐ITD) mutations, but mutually exclusive with ASXL1 mutation and CEBPAdouble mutation. In univariate analysis, ASXL1 or TET2 mutation predicted shorter overall survival (OS) or relapse‐free survival (RFS), DNMT3A, FLT3‐ITD, or RUNX1 mutation predicted a higher likelihood of remission‐induction failure, whereas NRAS mutation or CEBPAdouble mutation predicted longer OS. Concurrent DNMT3A, FLT3‐ITD, and NPM1 mutations predicted shorter OS. Hypomethylation agents could improve the OS in patients with DNA methylation‐related mutations. According to multivariate analysis, TET2 mutation was recognized as an independent prognostic factors for RFS. In summary, our study provided a detailed pattern of gene mutations and their prognostic relevance in Chinese AML patients based on targeted next‐generation sequencing screening.

Objective To explore the value of Padua risk assessment modelfor evaluating venous thromboembolism (VTE) of stroke patients. Methods VTE screening was performed in 169 patients with stroke who were hospitalized in Beijing Shijitan Hospital between January 2018 and June 2019. Fifty⁃six patients were identified in VTE group and 113 patients in non⁃VTE group. The difference of risk factors distribution in Padua risk assessment model was compared between 2 groups. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors for VTE in stroke patients. The risk stratification of VTE was calculated by Padua risk assessment model and different scores were used as the boundary value of risk stratification to fit the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), which evaluated the validity of Padua risk assessment model in predicting VTE risk patients. Results The proportions of atrial fibrillation (P=0.024), elderly age (P=0.000), heart and/or respiratory failure (P=0.000), acute infection and/or rheumatologic disorder (P=0.000), active cancer (P=0.016), previous VTE (P=0.007), reduced mobility(P=0.009)in VTE group were significantly higherthan thosein non⁃VTE group. Univariate and multivariate Logistics regression analysis were used to evaluate the risk factors of VTE. In VET group, atrial fibrillation (OR= 3.203, 95%CI: 1.172-8.751; P= 0.023), elderly age (OR= 3.469, 95%CI: 1.603-7.508; P=0.002), heart and/or respiratory failure (OR=4.017, 95%CI: 1.315-12.274; P=0.015), acute infection and/or rheumatologic disorder (OR=3.472, 95%CI: 1.457-8.271; P=0.005), previous VTE (OR=5.884, 95%CI: 1.068-32.408; P=0.042) were significantly associated with VTE. For Padua risk assessment model,the ROC yielded an area underthe curve (AUC) of 0.762 and the standard error ofthe area is 0.040 (95%CI: 0.689-0.854, P=0.000). At the cutoff point of 4, Youden index got the value of 0.404 and its sensitivity and specificity was 58.93% and 85.83% and corresponding positive and negative predictive value was 53.34% and 83.08%. Padua risk assessment model can effectively assess the risk of VTE at the cutoff point 4. Conclusions Elderly age, previous VTE and critical and severe stroke are VTE high⁃risk factors. Padua risk assessment model can effectively assess the risk of VTE among patients afterstroke. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.08.013

Abstract To find out the role of hsa‐miR‐570‐3p targeting CD274 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Hsa‐miR‐570‐3p and CD274 expressions in 175 TNBC patients were detected by qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively. The human TNBC cell lines (MDA‐MB‐468 and MDA‐MB‐231) were used to verify the targeting relationship between hsa‐miR‐570‐3p and CD274 via dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. Then, MDA‐MB‐468 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells were divided into Blank, miR‐NC, miR‐570‐3p mimics, NC siRNA, CD274 siRNA, and miR‐570‐3p inhibitors + CD274 siRNA groups. Next, the biological activities of cells were detected by MTT, Cell‐Light EdU, Annexin‐V‐FITC/PI, wound healing and Transwell invasion assays. Western blotting was conducted to detect protein expressions.MiR‐570‐3p expression was lower in tumor tissues than that in adjacent normal tissues, which was more obvious in CD274‐positive TNBC patients, which targeted CD274 in TNBC cell lines. MiR‐570‐3p inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration, but induced cell apoptosis accompanying the upregulation of apoptotic proteins and downregulation of anti‐apoptotic protein. CD274 siRNA had the similar results of miR‐570‐3p mimics, which could be reversed by miR‐570‐3p inhibitors. Besides, both miR‐570‐3p mimics and CD274 siRNA blocked PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in TNBC cell lines. Hsa‐miR‐570‐3p was downregulated and CD274 was upregulated in TNBC patients. Besides, hsa‐miR‐570‐3p targeted CD274 to inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and induce cell apoptosis, which may be related to the suppression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Abstract Thermal burn is a complex injury that induces pronounced inflammatory reactions and destruction of the microvasculature. Lidocaine, which is broadly used for pain relief, has been reported have the capacity to modulate wound healing processes. Seventeen burn injury patients with no treatment and nine controls were included in this study. The expression of 15 candidate miRNAs in the dermis samples were detected by qRT‐PCR. The target genes were predicted using online bioinformatics tools and confirmed by dual luciferase assay and immunoblotting. The function of miR‐486 and miR‐663 on skin fibroblasts keratinocytes were determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry. The level of miR‐486 and miR‐663 was increased after burn injury, meanwhile, the highest level of miR‐486 and miR‐663 was found after lidocaine treatment. We identified that BCL2L14 was a direct target of both miR‐486 and miR‐663. Meanwhile, overexpression of miR‐486 or miR‐663 inhibit apoptosis and promoted proliferation of human skin fibroblasts keratinocytes. These results indicated that lidocaine treatment promoted the skin healing after thermal injury through up‐regulating miR‐486 and miR‐663 expression, and partially explained how lidocaine modulates wound healing processes. This may provide an evidence for the therapeutic effect of lidocaine during skin healing process. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further unveiled.