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The coaxial electrospun fibers with large specific surface area, high porosity and core-shell structure have been great applied in biomedical field, especially as drug delivery carriers. In this paper, PLGA(polylactic acid/glycolic acid copolymer) was used as the core and the mixture of PLGA and gelatin was used as the shell. PLGA/gelatin fiber was prepared by coaxial electrospinning technology. The effects of different parameters on the surface morphology and the diameter of fibers were investigated.

A versatile microporous metal-organic framework (MOF), {[Cu(TIA)]·1.5CH3OH}n (Cu-1), was successfully obtained via the solvothermal reaction of cuprous(II) salt with the bifunctional ligand 3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)isophthalic acid. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies indicate that Cu-1 contains an apo three-dimensional skeleton and two types of one-dimensional channels. The framework of Cu-1 has excellent acid-alkali resistance and thermal stability, which is stable in a pH = 2-13 aqueous solution and an 260 °C air environment. In addition, the microporous copper MOF shows very high uptakes of CO2 (180 cm3·g-1) and C2H2 (113 cm3·g-1) at 273 K and displays excellent adsorption selectivity for small molecular gases. The ideal adsorbed solution theory selectivity values for C2H2/C2H4, CO2/CH4, and CO2/N2 are 2, 9, and 22 at 298 K, respectively. At the same time, breakthrough experiments for CO2/CH4, CO2/N2, and C2H2/C2H4 were further conducted to verify the efficient separation performances.

The lithium sulfur battery has a high theoretical capacity of 1675 mAh g−1, and is cheap and environmentally friendly, which make it a very promising secondary battery. However, its cycling stability cannot meet the requirements of industrialization due to the shuttle effect caused by the dissolution of polysulfides in the discharge process, the insulating nature of sulfur and the volume expansion of the sulfur cathode. Graphene has an excellent electrical conductivity, an extremely large specific surface area, good mechanical flexibility, and thermal and chemical stability, making it and its derivatives promising candidates to modify both the electrodes of an all-solid-state lithium-sulfur battery and the separator. The mechanisms, by which graphene and its derivatives inhibit the shuttle effect are summarized. The graphene network is very favorable for improving electron transfer rate, limiting volume expansion and facilitating lithium ion migration in the sulfur cathode of all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries. As modifiers of the separator, the hexagonal layer structure of graphene and its derivatives forms channels for lithium-ion transport and sulfur capture. Development strategies for using graphene and its derivatives in lithium-sulfur batteries are proposed.

Thermal degradation of the composite constituted by high density polyethylene (HDPE) and microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP) were studied using thermogravimetric (TG) data obtained at different heating rates. The kinetic models and parameters of the thermal degradation of MRP/HDPE composite were evaluated by FWO, KAS and IKP method. It indicates that the activation energy E of 4 % MRP/HDPE composite is higher than HDPE for three methods. MRP could improve the thermal stability and slow down the thermal degradation of HDPE. With adding MRP, the degradation mechanism of HDPE is changed and the degradation rate decreases.

Optomechanical components such as the lens barrels and frames of IR spectrometers produce strong internal stray radiation, which reduces the instrument’s SNR and dynamic range. An IR internal stray radiation calculation method based on an analytical model of the view factor is proposed. The mathematical model of the view factor calculation method of typical optomechanical components is established. For any IR optical systems, the internal stray radiation can be quickly and accurately calculated by adjusting the coordinate systems in the calculation method. Based on the proposed method, the internal stray radiation of a double-pass long-wave IR spectrometer was calculated. The calculation results are consistent with the simulation results. The RMS value of the relative error between the calculated value and the simulated value is around 11%. To verify the proposed method, an experiment was conducted to test the internal stray radiation of the long-wave IR spectrometer. The internal stray radiation test results agree with the calculated and simulated results, and the relative error between the test results and the calculation results is within 9%.

At present, whether α2-adrenoceptors in the prelimbic cortex (PrL) are involved in Parkinson's disease-related anxiety is unclear. We examined the effects of PrL α2-adrenoceptors on anxiety-like behaviors in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the medial forebrain bundle. Compared to the sham operation, the lesion induced anxiety-like responses as measured by the open field test and elevated plus-maze test. Intra-PrL injection of the α2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine (1.25, 2.5 or 5 μg/rat) produced anxiolytic effects in sham-operated and lesioned rats. Furthermore, intra-PrL injection of the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan (1, 2 or 4 μg/rat) induced anxiogenic effects in two groups of rats. The effective doses produced by clonidine and idazoxan in lesioned rats were higher than those in sham-operated rats. Neurochemical results showed that intra-PrL injection of clonidine (5 μg/rat) or idazoxan (4 μg/rat) decreased or increased dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT) levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and amygdala in sham-operated and lesioned rats, respectively. These results suggest that α2-adrenoceptors in the PrL are involved in the regulation of anxiety-like behaviors, which is attributable to changes in DA, NA and 5-HT levels in the mPFC and amygdala after activation and blockade of α2-adrenoceptors.

Reverse auction is a revolutionary procurement technology, widely used in enterprises and governments, which can increase purchasing transparency and reduce purchasing costs. In this paper, we combine reverse auction with quantum theory and propose a novel protocol that guarantees security by adopting quantum teleportation, quantum key distribution and so on. This protocol also has the properties of anonymity of supplier, verifiability, disavowal impossibility and traceability, properties that ensure the fairness of transactions. The analysis results show that the protocol is simple, high performing and reliable. We hope that it will be applied in real life.

To investigate the correlation between FOXP3, CD11c protein expression and the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).This study included 48 patients with DLBCL who were admitted to Jiujiang No.1 People's Hospital and TCM-Integrated Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2015 to January 2019. The DLBCL tissues removed during the operation were collected as test specimens. The expression of FOXP3 and CD11c protein were detected by immunohistochemistry. The deadline for postoperative follow-up was December 31, 2019, and the patient's short-term efficacy (complete remission, partial remission) and progression-free survival were recorded.FOXP3 protein was positively expressed in the nucleus, mostly focally or diffusely distributed, the FOXP3In some patients with DLBCL, FOXP3 and CD11c expresse positively, and the positive expression rate is related to the clinical stage and international prognostic index score. The positive expression of FOXP3 and CD11c indicate a good prognosis.FOXP3、CD11c蛋白表达与弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤患者预后的相关性.探讨FOXP3、CD11c蛋白表达与弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）患者预后的相关性.本研究纳入2015年1月至2019年1月九江市第一人民医院和南方医科大学中西医结合医院收治的48例DLBCL患者，收集患者术中切除的DLBCL组织作为检测标本，采用免疫组织化学法检测组织中FOXP3、CD11c蛋白的表达，术后随访截止日期为2019年12月31日，记录患者的近期疗效（完全缓解、部分缓解）和无进展生存期.FOXP3蛋白为核阳性表达，多以局灶性或弥漫性分布，FOXP3阳性率为54.17%（26/48）；CD11c蛋白为细胞膜阳性表达，多以弥漫性分布，CD11c阳性率为60.47%（29/48）。FOXP3、CD11c蛋白表达与DLBCL患者的年龄、性别、累及部位及乳酸脱氢酶水平无明显相关性，但与临床分期和国际预后指数评分存在明显相关性，差异有统计学意义（P0.05），即DLBCL患者临床分期越低、国际预后指数评分越低，则FOXP3、CD11c蛋白阳性表达率越高（r=0.637，r=0.709）。术后1年，FOXP3阳性表达或CD11c阳性表达的DLBCL患者的总有效率明显高于FOXP3阴性表达或CD11c阴性表达患者（P0.05）；至随访结束，FOXP3阳性表达或CD11c阳性表达的DLBCL患者的中位无进展生存期也明显长于FOXP3阴性表达或CD11c阴性表达患者（P0.05）.在部分DLBCL患者组织中FOXP3、CD11c阳性表达，且阳性表达率与临床分期及国际预后指数评分相关，FOXP3和CD11c蛋白阳性表达提示预后良好.

The spaceborne dispersive spectrometer is widely used in environmental, resource, and ocean observations. The coded spectrometer has higher energy advantages than the dispersion spectrometer, so it has great application prospects. In the current study, we developed an off-axis short-wave infrared coded optical system (SICOS) based on curved prism dispersion, and we further explored the design and optimization of the SICOS structure. Finite element analyses of a space-based short-wave infrared coded spectrometer based on curved prism dispersion (SSICS-CPD), including static simulation, modal analysis, sinusoidal vibration mechanical analysis, and random vibration mechanical analysis, were carried out. Simulation results showed that the SICOS support structure had excellent mechanical and thermal stability. As off-axis optical systems cannot meet the requirements of optical position accuracy through centering processing, a point source microscope and three-coordinate measuring machines were employed to complete the high-precision and rapid assembly of the SSICS-CPD. In addition, verification tests of surface shape error, stress relief, random vibration, and optical design parameters were carried out to validate the high stability and imaging performance of the SSICS-CPD. Results showed that the average modulation transfer function in the full field was 0.43 at 16.67 lp/mm, the spectral smile was < 0.2 pixels, and the spectral keystone was < 0.1 pixels. The design, analysis, assembly, and verification of the SSICS-CPD provide a useful reference for the development of other spaceborne prism dispersion spectrometers.

Although the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and serotonin6 (5-HT6) receptor are involved in modulation of anxiety, their roles in Parkinson' disease (PD)-related anxiety are still unknown. Thus we perform this study to examine the involvement of BLA 5-HT6 receptor on anxiety in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced PD rats. The lesion of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) induced anxiety-like behaviors, and decreased the basal firing rate of BLA glutamate neurons and dopamine (DA) levels in tissues of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), amygdala and ventral part of hippocampus (vHip) in rats. Activation of BLA 5-HT6 receptor by local infusion of WAY208466 induced anxiolytic-like effects and increased extracellular γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) level in the BLA in the lesioned rats. Blockade of BLA 5-HT6 receptor by SB258585 produced anxiolytic-like effects and increased extracellular GABA levels in the BLA in two groups of rats. Activation and blockade of BLA 5-HT6 receptor resulted in increases in DA levels and decreases in noradrenaline levels in tissues of the mPFC, amygdala and vHip in two groups of rats, and induced opposite effects on the firing activity of glutamate neurons between sham-operated and the lesioned rats. The results suggest that decreased DA levels in the limbic brain regions and the enhanced sensitivity of the 5-HT6 receptor on the BLA neurons might be etiological and pathophysiological factors for anxiety in PD. The anxiolytic-like effects may due to elevated extracellular GABA levels in the BLA and altered monoamine levels in the limbic regions, which were induced by WAY208466 and SB258585 through different mechanisms.

Although the output of the lateral habenula (LHb) controls the activity of midbrain dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, which are implicated in the pathophysiology of anxiety, it is not known how blockade of GABAB receptors in the region affects anxiety-like behaviors, particularly in Parkinson's disease-related anxiety. In this study, unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the substantia nigra pars compacta in rats induced anxiety-like behaviors, led to hyperactivity of LHb neurons and decreased the level of extracellular dopamine (DA) in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) compared to sham-lesioned rats. Intra-LHb injection of pre-synaptic GABAB receptor antagonist CGP36216 produced anxiolytic-like effects, while the injection of post-synaptic GABAB receptor antagonist CGP35348 induced anxiety-like responses in both groups. Further, intra-LHb injection of CGP36216 decreased the firing rate of the neurons, and increased the GABA/glutamate ratio in the LHb and release of DA and serotonin (5-HT) in the BLA; conversely, CGP35348 increased the firing rate of the neurons and decreased the GABA/glutamate ratio and release of DA and 5-HT in sham-lesioned and the lesioned rats. However, the doses of the antagonists producing these behavioral effects in the lesioned rats were lower than those in sham-lesioned rats, and the duration of action of the antagonists on the firing rate of the neurons and release of the neurotransmitters was prolonged in the lesioned rats. Collectively, these findings suggest that pre-synaptic and post-synaptic GABAB receptors in the LHb are involved in the regulation of anxiety-like behaviors, and degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway up-regulates function and/or expression of these receptors.

To minimize the assembly stress and thermal stress introduced by the support structure, and ensure the high surface accuracy and high thermal stability of space mirror. An ultra-lightweight design of secondary mirror was carried out for some space remote sensor, and three tangential bipods were used for quasi-kinematic support. Firstly, the design principle of quasi-kinematic support structure was investigated, and advantages of bipod kinematic support were analyzed from the angle of degree of freedom decoupling. Based on structure designed above, the finite element model was established. Taking surface accuracy of the mirror as optimization objectives, the integrated optimization method was adopted to extract the structural parameters with high sensitivity on the surface accuracy in the flexible support structure, and parameters optimization design was carried out. Finally, the static and dynamic characteristics of the optimized mirror assembly were analyzed. The analysis results showed that the surface shape accuracy (RMS) of the mirror assembly is better than 1 nm under a load case of 1g gravity when the optical axis is level. Surface accuracy (RMS) is better than 2 nm under the load case of 4℃ uniform temperature rise. The first-order natural frequency of the secondary mirror assembly is 587 Hz. The optimized mirror support structure can well unload the additional deformation caused by the support structure, and has good dynamic stiffness, which verifies that the designed mirror and its support structure are reasonable, and the optimization design method is reliable. This paper provides a reference and idea for the design of flexible support structure of space mirror.

Although the lateral habenula (LHb) is involved in the regulation of multiple brain functions and this region expresses abundant M-type potassium channel (M-channel) subunits Kv7.2 and Kv7.3, the role of M-channels in regulating working memory is unclear, particularly in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we tested the effects of activation and blockade of LHb M-channels on working memory by the T-maze rewarded alternation test in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the substantia nigra compacta (SNc). The SNc lesion induced working memory impairment, increased the firing rate of LHb neurons, decreased dopamine (DA) level in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and reduced the expression of Kv7.2 subunit in the LHb. Intra-LHb injection of M-channel activator retigabine induced enhancement of working memory in SNc sham-lesioned and SNc-lesioned rats; conversely, the injection of M-channel blocker XE-991 impaired working memory in the two groups of rats. However, doses producing significant effects in SNc-lesioned rats were higher than those in SNc sham-lesioned rats. Further, intra-LHb injection of retigabine decreased the firing rate of LHb neurons and increased release of DA and serotonin (5-HT) in the vmPFC, while XE-991 increased the firing rate and decreased DA and 5-HT release in the two groups of rats. Compared with SNc sham-lesioned rats, the duration of M-channel activation and blockade action on the firing rate of the neurons and release of DA and 5-HT was significantly shortened in SNc-lesioned rats, which was consistent with reduced expression of Kv7.2 subunit in the LHb after lesioning the SNc. Collectively, these findings suggest involvement of LHb Kv7.2 subunit-containing M-channels in working memory impairment in SNc-lesioned rats, and that enhanced or impaired working memory after activation or blockade of M-channels in the LHb is related to the changes in the firing activity of LHb neurons and DA and 5-HT release in the vmPFC.

Microglial cell migration and infiltration plays a critical role in spinal cord injury after thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. In our previous study, α-synuclein, a presynaptic protein was shown to be released from injured neurons and cause microglial cell activation. Here, we aimed to explore the effect of α-synuclein on microglial cell migration. Primary microglial cells were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats and then exposed different doses (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 μM) of α-synuclein oligomers. The mRNA and protein levels of HIF-1α were then analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Cell migration was examined by a 96-well Boyden chamber. Moreover, toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-expression as well as TLR7/8-expression was inhibited by specific siRNA transfection. HIF-1α was overexpressed by Ad-HIF-1α transfection. In the results, α-synuclein was found to stimulate HIF-1α accumulation in microglial cells in a dose-dependent manner. Silencing HIF-1α expression dampened α-synuclein induced microglial cell migration. Furthermore, blockade of TLR7/8 expression but not TLR2 expression reduced HIF-1α accumulation in microglial cells. In addition, overexpressed HIF-1α, along with Src, prompted caveolin-1 expression and phosphorylation, as well as migration in microglial cells. Α-synuclein acts via TLR7/8 and enhances HIF-1α expression, which might play a regulatory role in microglial cell migration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The role of dorsal hippocampus (DH) serotonin6 (5-HT6) receptors in memory is unknown, particularly in memory impairment of Parkinson's disease. We tested here effects of activation and blockade of DH 5-HT6 receptors on working and hippocampus-dependent memories in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the medial forebrain bundle. The lesion induced working and hippocampus-dependent memory impairments as measured by the T-maze rewarded alternation and hole-board tests, and decreased dopamine (DA) levels in the striatum, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), DH and amygdala. Intra-DH injection of 5-HT6 receptor agonist WAY208466 (1.5, 3 and 6µg/rat) did not change choice accuracy and the number of head-dippings when re-exposure to hole-board in sham-operated rats, while 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SB258585 (4µg/rat) increased choice accuracy and decreased the number of head-dippings. In the lesioned rats, both WAY208466 (3 and 6µg/rat) and SB258585 (2 and 4µg/rat) increased choice accuracy and decreased the number of head-dippings. Neurochemical results showed that intra-DH injection of WAY208466 or SB258585 produced significant effects on DA and noradrenaline (NA) levels in the mPFC (WAY208466: sham-operated, NA -44%; lesioned, DA 522%, NA -47%; SB258585: sham-operated, DA 72%, NA 85%; lesioned, DA -68%), DH (WAY208466: lesioned, DA 427%; SB258585: sham-operated, DA 119%, NA 206%) and amygdala (WAY208466: sham-operated, NA -28%; lesioned, DA 302%; SB258585: sham-operated, NA 183%); however, 5-HT levels in these brain regions were not changed. These findings suggest DA depletion plays a key role in working and hippocampus-dependent memory impairments, and 5-HT6 receptors in the DH are involved in the regulation of the memories.

Working memory impairment is a common symptom occurred in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The medial septum-diagonal band (MS-DB) complex and 5-HT6 receptor are involved in modulation of cognition. However, their roles in working memory in PD are still unknown. Here, we used behavioral, neurochemical and immunohistochemical approaches to assess the role of MS-DB 5-HT6 receptor in working memory in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamie (6-OHDA)-induced PD rats. Intra-MS-DB injection of 5-HT6 receptor agonist WAY208466 (3, 6 and 12 μg/rat) enhanced working memory and increased dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus in sham and 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. The dose that produced significant effect on working memory in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats was lower than that in sham rats, indicating hypersensitivity of 5-HT6 receptor after lesioning. Intra-MS-DB injection of 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SB258585 (2, 4 and 8 μg/rat) alleviated working memory deficits and increased DA level in the mPFC and hippocampus and NA level in the mPFC in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats while having no effect in sham rats, suggesting that SB258585 did not change normal cognitive status. These results suggest that activation and blockade of MS-DB 5-HT6 receptor recovered working memory in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, which is probably related to changes in monoamine levels in the mPFC and hippocampus.

The role of serotonin7 (5-HT7) receptors in the regulation of depression is poorly understood, particularly in Parkinson's disease-associated depression. Here we examined whether 5-HT7 receptors in the prelimbic (PrL) sub-region of the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) involve in the regulation of depressive-like behaviors in sham-operated rats and rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the medial forebrain bundle. The lesion induced depressive-like responses as measured by the sucrose preference and forced swim tests when compared to sham-operated rats. Intra-PrL injection of 5-HT7 receptor agonist AS19 (0.5, 1 and 2 μg/rat) increased sucrose consumption, and decreased immobility time in sham-operated and the lesioned rats, indicating the induction of antidepressant-like effects. Further, intra-PrL injection of 5-HT7 receptor antagonist SB269970 (1.5, 3 and 6 μg/rat) decreased sucrose consumption, and increased immobility time, indicating the induction of depressive-like responses. However, the doses producing these effects in the lesioned rats were higher than those in sham-operated rats. Neurochemical results showed that intra-PrL injection of AS19 (2 μg/rat) increased dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) levels in the mPFC, habenula and ventral hippocampus (vHip) in sham-operated and the lesioned rats; whereas SB269970 (6 μg/rat) decreased 5-HT levels in the habenula and vHip, and the levels of NA in the mPFC, habenula and vHip in the two groups of rats. The results suggest that 5-HT7 receptors in the PrL play an important role in the regulation of these behaviors, which attribute to changes in monoamine levels in the limbic and limbic-related brain regions after activation and blockade of 5-HT7 receptors.

Although the medial subdivision of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeM) and serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptors are involved in the regulation of anxiety, their roles in Parkinson's disease (PD)-associated anxiety are still unknown. Here we assessed the importance of CeM 5-HT1A receptors for anxiety in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). The lesion induced anxiety-like behaviors, increased the firing rate and burst-firing pattern of CeM γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons, as well as decreased dopamine (DA) levels in the striatum, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), amygdala and ventral part of hippocampus (vHip). Intra-CeM injection of the selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT produced anxiolytic effects in the lesioned rats, and decreased the firing rate of CeM GABAergic neurons in two groups of rats. Compared to sham-operated rats, the duration of the inhibitory effect on the firing rate of GABAergic neurons was shortened in the lesioned rats. The injection increased DA levels in the mPFC and amygdala in two groups of rats and the vHip in the lesioned rats, and increased 5-HT level in the lesioned rats, whereas it decreased NA levels in the mPFC in two groups of rats and the vHip in the lesioned rats. Moreover, the mean density of 5-HT1A receptor and GABA double-labeled neurons in the CeM was reduced after the lesioning. These results suggest that activation of CeM 5-HT1A receptor produces anxiolytic effects in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, which involves decreased firing rate of the GABAergic neurons, and changed monoamine levels in the limbic and limbic-related brain regions.

The roles of lateral habenular nucleus (LHb) glutamate neurons and serotonin2C (5-HT2C) receptors in depression are poorly understood, particularly in Parkinson's disease-associated depression. Here we assessed the importance of LHb glutamate neurons and 5-HT2C receptors for depressive-like behaviors in sham-operated rats and rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the substantia nigra. The lesion induced depressive-like responses compared to sham-operated rats. Intra-LHb injection of potent, selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist Ro60-0175 decreased sucrose consumption and increased immobility time in sham-operated rats, indicating the induction of depressive-like responses, and intra-LHb injection of Ro60-0175 further increased the expression of depressive-like behaviors in the lesioned rats. Activation of LHb 5-HT2C receptors by the local administration of Ro60-0175 increased the firing rate of EAAC1 (a neuronal glutamate transporter)-positive neurons and percentage of the neurons with burst-firing pattern in the two groups of rats. Compared to sham-operated rats, the duration of Ro60-0175 action on the firing rate of EAAC1-positive neurons was markedly prolonged in the lesioned rats. Intra-LHb injection of Ro60-0175 decreased dopamine, 5-HT and noradrenaline levels in the medial prefrontal cortex, habenula, hippocampus and amygdala in sham-operated and the lesioned rats. The lesion did not change the percentage of EAAC1/5-HT2C receptor co-expressing neurons in the LHb. These findings indicate that activation of 5-HT2C receptors in the LHb increases firing activity of LHb glutamate neurons and then decreases monoamine levels in several brain regions, which increase the expression of depressive-like behaviors. Further, our results also suggest that the lesion leads to hyperfunctionality of 5-HT2C receptors on glutamate neurons of the LHb.

Serotonin2A (5-HT2A) receptors are highly expressed in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca complex (MS-DB), especially in parvalbumin (PV)-positive neurons linked to hippocampal theta rhythm, which is involved in cognition. Cognitive impairments commonly occur in Parkinson's disease. Here we performed behavioral, electrophysiological, neurochemical and immunohistochemical studies in rats with complete unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) to assess the importance of dopamine (DA) depletion and MS-DB 5-HT2A receptors for working memory. The MFB lesions resulted in working memory impairment and decreases in firing rate and density of MS-DB PV-positive neurons, peak frequency of hippocampal theta rhythm, and DA levels in septohippocampal system and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) compared to control rats. Intra-MS-DB injection of high affinity 5-HT2A receptor agonist TCB-2 enhanced working memory, increased firing rate of PV-positive neurons and peak frequency of hippocampal theta rhythm, elevated DA levels in the hippocampus and mPFC, and decreased 5-HT level in the hippocampus in control and lesioned rats. Compared to control rats, the duration of the excitatory effect produced by TCB-2 on the firing rate of PV-positive neurons was markedly shortened in lesioned rats, indicating dysfunction of 5-HT2A receptors. These findings suggest that unilateral lesions of the MFB in rats induced working memory deficit, and activation of MS-DB 5-HT2A receptors enhanced working memory, which may be due to changes in the activity of septohippocampal network and monoamine levels in the hippocampus and mPFC.

OBJECTIVE: We report a rare case of a multiple sarcomatoid carcinoma of the jejunum with postoperative lung and brain metastases. The patient underwent jejunum segmental resection for intussusception and gastrointestinal bleeding. Multiple metastasis ofbrain and lung occurred 4 months after the operation, and the patient died for multiple organ failure 8 months after the surgery. Primary sarcomatoid carcinoma was difficult to diagnose at an early stage, and the diagnosis relies on optical microscopic and immunohistochemical observations. Currently no guidelinesare established for treatment for sarcomatoid carcinoma of the jejunum, and surgical resection remains the optimal therapeutic approach. Previous reports documented a poor prognosis of the patients with a median survival time of 5.5 months (0.36-36months), and the primary causes of death were tumor recurrence and metastasis. Ki-67 as a potential prognostic marker and the value of PD-L1-targeted immunotherapy for the treatment await further investigation.

Objective: This study aimed to discuss changes in the T-lymphocyte immune functions of patients with cervical cancer after surgery and their clinical significance. Methods: A total of 80 patients with cervical cancer who had undergone surgical treatment in our hospital from January 2014 to July 2017 were selected as the observation group. Additionally, 50 healthy women volunteers in the same time period were considered as the control group. T-lymphocyte-secreted cytokines and T-lymphocyte immune function indices were examined before and after surgery of all respondents. Detection results of the two groups before and after surgery were compared. The observation group was further divided into postoperative infection-free and postoperative infection groups according to the occurrence of postoperative infection. The T-lymphocyte-secreted cytokines and T-lymphocyte immune function indices of these two groups were compared. Results: Interleukin (IL)-2, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-2+CD4+, TNF-α +CD4+, and IFN-γ+CD4+ levels of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P

This study sought to assess whether unilateral lesions of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) using 6-hydroxydopamine in rats are able to induce anxiety-like behaviors, the role of serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptors of the prelimbic (PrL) sub-region of ventral medial prefrontal cortex in the regulation of these behaviors, the density of 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and co-localization of 5-HT1A receptor and neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1-immunoreactive (EAAC1-ir) cells in the PrL. Unilaterally lesioning the MFB induced anxiety-like behaviors as measured by the open-field and elevated plus maze tests when compared to sham-operated rats. Intra-PrL injection of 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT (50, 100, and 500 ng/rat) decreased the percentage of time spent in the center of the open-field and percentages of open arm entries and open arm time in sham-operated rats, indicating the induction of anxiogenic responses, and administration of 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635 (60, 120, and 240 ng/rat) showed anxiolytic effects. However, 8-OH-DPAT, at the same doses, increased the percentage of time spent in the center of the open-field and percentages of open arm entries and open arm time in the lesioned rats, indicating the induction of anxiolytic effects, and WAY-100635 produced anxiogenic responses. Unilateral MFB lesion decreased the density of 5-HT neurons in the DRN, and percentage of EAAC1-ir cells expressing 5-HT1A receptors in the PrL. These results suggest that unilateral lesions of the MFB in rats may induce anxiety-like behaviors, and activation of 5-HT1A receptors in the PrL has anxiolytic effects in the rat model of Parkinson's disease.

Although the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and serotonin

Background We previously reported that a methanol extract of Glycyrrhizae radix (MEGR) blocked methamphetamine-induced locomotor sensitization and conditioned place preference in rats. In the present study, the effects of MEGR on repeated nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization and enhanced extracellular dopamine (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens (Nacc) were evaluated. Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats received repeated administrations of nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, subcutaneous) or saline twice a day for 7 d and were challenged with nicotine 4 d after the last daily dosing. During the 4-d withdrawal period, the rats were treated once a day with MEGR (60 or 180 mg/kg/d). Extracellular DA levels were measured by in vivo microdialysis, the malondialdehyde levels and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the Nacc were biochemically evaluated, and the expression of antioxidant proteins was confirmed by Western blot assays. All data were assessed with analysis of variance tests followed by post-hoc comparison tests and p values

This study aims to identify the contribution of additional noradrenergic depletion to forelimb akinesia and abnormal subthalamic nucleus (STN) firing activity in Parkinson's disease (PD).Forelimb akinesia behaviors were tested in awake rats with noradrenergic N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4) lesions, unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and with combined 6-OHDA and DSP-4 lesions. STN extracellular single-unit and local field potential (LFP) activities were examined in the animals that were anesthetized with urethane.The adjusting steps and the contralateral touches of rats in the forelimb akinesia behavior tests were markedly inhibited by a further noradrenergic lesion with DSP-4 in 6-OHDA+DSP-4-lesioned group when compared with those of 6-OHDA-lesioned animals (P0.05 for all comparisons). Meanwhile, the neuronal firing pattern of STN also changed significantly towards more bursty in 6-OHDA + DSP-4-lesioned group (P0 .05). Compared with 6-OHDA-lesioned animals, an additional noradrenergic lesion increased the 0.3-2.5 Hz oscillatory activity and the spike power of STN neurons (P0.01 for both comparisons), and strengthened the synchronized oscillation between subthalamic neuronal firing and LFP activity in 6-OHDA + DSP-4-lesioned group (P0.01).The results provide evidence to support the correlation between noradrenergic depletion and the further exaggerated dysfunction of STN electrical activity in PD and suggest that an aberrant noradrenergic system might play a specific role in the motor deficits of PD.

Vacuum annealing is an important part in rare metal tube production, accurate control of the annea ling temperature has enormous influence on the quality of tubes.According to the technological characteristics and temperature control requirements of the vacuum annealing furnace ,a high precision temperature control system was built based on IPC, intelligent temperature controller and thyratron transistor power-regulator.The neural network-PID strategy was proposed to control temperature online through OPC interface, which realized accurate control and automatic detection of the whole process of annealing temperature. Field data indicates that this system has realized the accurate control of the vacuum annealing temperature, effectively improves the quality of rare metal tubes and has extensive application value.

At present, role of the lateral habenula (LHb) calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) in depression is not understood, particularly in Parkinson's disease-related depression. Here we found that lesions of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in rats induced depressive-like behaviors, and intra-LHb injection of CP-AMPAR antagonist Naspm produced antidepressant-like effects in SNc sham-lesioned and SNc-lesioned rats, however, the doses inducing these effects in SNc-lesioned rats were lower than that of SNc sham-lesioned rats. Blockade of LHb CP-AMPARs decreased the firing rate of the neurons and increased release of dopamine and serotonin in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in both groups, but the duration of Naspm action on the firing rate and release of the transmitters were prolonged in SNc-lesioned rats. These changes in SNc-lesioned rats were involved in increased expression of βCaMKII and p-GluR1-S831 in the LHb. Intra-LHb injection of Naspm inhibited dopaminergic neurons in the anterior ventral tegmental area and serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus and excited dopaminergic neurons in the posterior ventral tegmental area (pVTA) and serotonergic neurons in the median raphe nucleus (MRN), and lesioning the GABAergic rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) decreased the percentages of excited pVTA dopaminergic neurons and MRN serotonergic neurons. Our findings indicate that blockade of LHb CP-AMPARs produces antidepressant-like effects, which attribute to decreased firing activity of LHb neurons and increased levels of dopamine and serotonin in the mPFC, and provide further evidence that LHb CP-AMPARs regulate the firing activity of pVTA dopaminergic neurons and MRN serotonergic neurons indirectly via the RMTg.

The parvalbumin (PV)-positive neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca complex (MS-DB) play an important role in the generation of hippocampal theta rhythm involved in cognitive functions. These neurons in this region express a high density of 5-HT1A receptors which regulate the neuronal activity and consequently affect the theta rhythm. In this study, we examined changes in the theta-related firing activity of PV-positive neurons in the MS-DB, their response to 5-HT1A receptor stimulation and the corresponding hippocampal theta rhythm, and the density of PV-positive neurons and their co-localization with 5-HT1A receptors in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). The lesion of the SNc decreased the rhythmically bursting activity of PV-positive neurons and the peak frequency of hippocampal theta rhythm. Systemic administration of 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT (0.5-128 µg/kg, i.v.) inhibited the firing rate of PV-positive neurons and disrupted rhythmically bursting activity of the neurons and the theta rhythm in sham-operated and the lesioned rats, respectively. The cumulative doses producing inhibition and disruption in the lesioned rats were higher than that of sham-operated rats. Furthermore, local application of 8-OH-DPAT (0.005 μg) in the MS-DB also inhibited the firing rate of PV-positive neurons and disrupted their rhythmically bursting activity in sham-operated rats, while having no effect on PV-positive neurons in the lesioned rats. The lesion of the SNc decreased the density of PV-positive neurons in the MS-DB, and percentage of PV-positive neurons expressing 5-HT1A receptors. These results indicate that the lesion of the SNc leads to suppression of PV-positive neurons in the MS-DB and hippocampal theta rhythm. Furthermore, the lesion decreases the response of these neurons to 5-HT1A receptor stimulation, which attributes to dysfunction and/or down-regulation of 5-HT1A receptor expression on these neurons. These changes may be involved in cognitive impairments of Parkinson's disease.

Here we report that juxtacellular labeled GABA interneurons in the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus anterior part (BLA) of rats with 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) showed a more burst-firing pattern, while having no change in the firing rate. In sham-operated and the lesioned rats, systemic administration of 5-HT(2A/2C) receptor agonist DOI produced excitation, inhibition and unchanged in the firing rate of the interneurons, and the mean response of DOI was excitatory. However, cumulative dose producing excitation in the lesioned rats was higher than that of sham-operated rats. The local administration of DOI in the BLA also produced three types of responses in two groups of rats. Furthermore, the local administration of DOI excited the interneurons in sham-operated rats, whereas the mean firing rate of the interneurons in the lesioned rats was not affected at the same dose. The excitatory effect of the majority of the interneurons after systemic and local administration of DOI was not reversed by the selective 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonist SB242084, and the inhibitory effect of DOI in all the interneurons examined was reversed by GABA(A) receptor antagonist picrotoxinin. The SNc lesion in rats did not change the density of GAD67/5-HT(2A) receptor co-expressing neurons in the BLA. These results indicate that the SNc lesion changes the firing activity of BLA GABA interneurons. Moreover, DOI regulated the firing activity of the interneurons mainly through activation of 5-HT(2A) receptor, and the lesion led to a decreased response of the interneurons to DOI, which attributes to dysfunction of 5-HT(2A) receptor on these interneurons.

The role of dorsal hippocampus (DH) serotonin

An engineering prototype of Hadamard transform spectral imager for object detection is presented. The programmable mask, using Digital Micro-mirror Device, is set on the second image plane to implement the function of spectral domain encoding. This method can significantly increase the detecting possibility with improved SNR of the relatively weak spectrum signature. A refractive configuration designed for visible spectrum application is proposed, and the optical design strategies of each functional unit are described in detail in order to meet both the image quality and the structural feasibility. The method of mask positioning is studied and the promising spectral recovery results based on the laboratory experiments are presented.

In the present study, effect of SR 57227A, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3) receptor agonist, on the firing activity of pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was studied in normal rats and rats with 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the substantia nigra pars compacta by using extracellular recording. Systemic administration of SR 57227A (40–640 μg/kg, i.v.) decreased the mean firing rate of pyramidal neurons in normal and the lesioned rats. This inhibition was significant only at doses higher than 320 μg/kg and 640 μg/kg in normal and the lesioned rats, respectively, and was reversed by i.v. administration of 5-HT3 receptor antagonist tropisetron or GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline. Furthermore, local application of SR 57227A (0.01 μg) in the mPFC inhibited the firing rate of pyramidal neurons in normal rats while having no effect on firing rate in the lesioned rats. The i.v. administration of bicuculline excited the pyramidal neurons in normal rats, and then local application of SR 57227A did not alter the mean firing rate of these neurons. However, these two drugs did not affect the activity of the pyramidal neurons in the lesioned rats. We conclude that activation of 5-HT3 receptors inhibited pyramidal neurons in the mPFC of normal rats via GABAergic interneurons, and degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway decreased response of the pyramidal neurons to SR 57227A, suggesting the dysfunction of 5-HT3 receptors and/or down-regulation of the expression on GABAergic interneurons in the lesioned rats.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare but lethal malignancy arising from the biliary tract epithelium. It has a poor prognosis largely due to the difficulties of early diagnosis and the lack of effective therapies. It is thus imperative to develop new and effective treatments for CCA, which depends heavily on the mechanistic understanding of the disease. Previous studies have suggested that somatic mutations in KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA genes are frequently found in several types of human cancers including colon, breast, and lung carcinomas as well as CCA. Yet, the frequency and the involvement of these oncogenic mutations in CCA in Chinese population have not been investigated. In this study, we evaluated the hotspot mutations of KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA genes in 34 Chinese CCA patients. Sequencing analysis revealed 13 (38.2%) and 11 (32.4%) patients bearing KRAS and PIK3CA mutations, in which two (5.9%) of them harbored both KRAS and PIK3CA mutations. Surprisingly, no BRAF mutation was detected in all 34 CCA samples. Our findings indicate that somatic mutations in KRAS and PIK3CA but not BRAF oncogenes are closely associated with the development of CCA in Chinese population and provide new potential targets for future therapeutic treatments of the disease.

In the icing electric transmission tower computation, has neglected the influence of ice stiffness and geometric effect to the iron tower component's stiffness. In the heavy ice area, such simplification is possibly inappropriate. Base on the parallel principle, proposed the ice-coated compression bar flexural stiffness formula, and proofed result correctness through finite element computation. Took the circular solid section and circular tuber section ice-coated tower components for example, ice-coated tower components were equivalent to compound materials in heavy ice area. Under certain load condition, compared the deflection and stiffness of tower component covered the different thickness ice, which took the line load with equivalent to the compound materials. Result showed that in the heavy ice area, the ice geometry effect has increased the tower component stiffness. The influence is more obvious to the tower stiffness than its dead-weight.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether local application of octreotide, an analogue of somatostatin, suppresses the glutamate-evoked activities of Adelta and C primary afferent fibers innervating dorsal hairy skin of the rat in vivo. The single unit activity of Adelta and C afferent fibers was recorded in isolated filaments from the dorsal cutaneous branches of the T9-T12 spinal nerves. Changes in discharge relative to baseline during injection of glutamate (0.3mM, 10microL) into the receptive field with pretreatment by octreotide (20microM, 10microL) were compared with injection after pretreatment with normal saline. Most of Adelta fibers (21/27, 78%) and C fibers (21/26, 81%) in the dorsal cutaneous branches were significantly activated by local injection of glutamate following saline injection. The mean discharge rates increased from 2.39+/-0.30 and 2.42+/-0.37 impulses/min to 12.79+/-2.04 and 13.56+/-2.56 impulses/min during injection of glutamate for Adelta and C fibers, respectively. After octreotide pretreatment group, glutamate increased the mean discharge rates from 1.93+/-0.38 and 2.25+/-0.29 impulses/min to 6.11+/-0.9 and 6.31+/-1.18 impulses/min in Adelta fibers and C fibers, respectively. The discharge rates during injection of glutamate after octreotide pretreatment were significantly lower than after normal saline pretreatment. The suppressive effect of octreotide was reversed by the somatostatin receptor antagonist cyclo-somatostatin. These results suggest that interactions between excitatory amino acid and inhibitory neuropeptides may contribute to sensory signaling in the peripheral nervous system.