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Chronic inflammation of bone tissue often results in bone defects and hazards to tissue repair and regeneration. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a natural cannabinoid with multiple biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and osteogenic potential. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of CBD in the promotion of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) osteogenic differentiation in the inflammatory microenvironment.BMSCs isolated from C57BL/6 mice, expressed stem cell characteristic surface markers and presented multidirectional differentiation potential. The CCK-8 assay was applied to evaluate the effects of CBD on BMSCs' vitality, and demonstrating the safety of CBD on BMSCs. Then, BMSCs were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammatory microenvironment. We found that CBD intervention down-regulated mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and promoted cells proliferation in LPS-treated BMSCs, also reversed the protein and mRNA levels downregulation of osteogenic markers caused by LPS treatment. Moreover, CBD intervention activated the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. While AM630, a selective CB2 inhibitor, reduced phosphorylated (p)-p38 levels. In addition, AM630 and SB530689, a selective p38 MAPK inhibitor, attenuated the enhancement of osteogenic markers expression levels by CBD in inflammatory microenvironment, respectively.CBD promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via the CB2/p38 MAPK signaling pathway in the inflammatory microenvironment.

High glucose (HG) can influence the osteogenic differentiation ability of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hUCMSC-exo) have broad application prospects in tissue healing. The current study aimed to explore whether hUCMSC-exo could promote the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs under HG conditions and the underlying mechanism.We used a 30 mmol/L glucose concentration to simulate HG conditions. CCK-8 assay was performed to evaluate the effect of hUCMSC-exo on the proliferation of hPDLSCs. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity, and qRT-PCR were performed to evaluate the pro-osteogenic effect of hUCMSC-exo on hPDLSCs. Western blot analysis was conducted to evaluate the underlying mechanism.The results of the CCK-8 assay, ALP staining, ALP activity, and qRT-PCR assay showed that hUCMSC-exo significantly promoted cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. The Western blot results revealed that hUCMSC-exo significantly increased the levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT in cells, and the effect was inhibited by LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) or MK2206 (AKT inhibitor), respectively. Moreover, the increases in osteogenic indicators induced by hUCMSC-exo were significantly suppressed by LY294002 and MK2206.hUCMSC-exo promote the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs under HG conditions through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

As the main inorganic component of human hard tissue, hydroxyapatite (HAp) has attracted extensive interest in biomedical and clinical applications, especially for HAp nanoparticles. In this study, HAp nanorods with a controllable aspect ratio were successfully prepared using NH3·H2O and CO(NH2)2 as aspect ratio modifier by a high-gravity reactive precipitation in a rotating packed bed (RPB) combined with hydrothermal treatment. The influences of the molar ratio of NH3·H2O and CO(NH2)2 and the rotating speed on the average size and aspect ratio of HAp nanorods were systematically explored. The as-synthesized HAp nanorods were investigated with TEM, XRD, and FTIR. The results indicated that the average aspect ratio of HAp nanorods could be facilely controlled in the range 2.2–39. As compared to a traditional batch stirred tank reactor, the RPB reactor had HAp nanorods with a smaller particle width and a wider range of aspect ratio, and a much shorter reaction time from 20 min to 1 s. Further, the potential...

Wang H, Fu Z, Li W, et al. Int J Nanomedicine.019;14:623–638.Errors were found in several images for Figure 5F, 5G, 6A and6B. The authors have advised that mistakes were made duringthe process of organizing the images. A lot of images werecaptured following immunostaining and due to the similarityof these images, several of the same images were incorrectlyselected. The authors and the editor have confirmed that the correctionof the images has no significant impact on the conclusionsof the study. Read the original article

Background Inflammation is a common feature of both peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and periodontitis. Some studies have evaluated the association between PAD and periodontitis. However, there is still no specialized meta-analysis that has quantitatively assessed the strength of the association. Thus, we conducted this meta-analysis to critically assess the strength of the association between PAD and periodontitis. Methods PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for observational studies of the association between periodontitis and PAD in February 2018. Risk ratios (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from included studies were pooled to evaluate the strength of the association between periodontitis and PAD. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and their 95% CIs were pooled to compare the difference in periodontal-related parameters between PAD and non-PAD patients. Results Seven studies including a total of 4307 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the risk of periodontitis between PAD patients and non-PAD participants (RR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.25–2.29, P = 0.01). There was also a significant difference in number of missing teeth between PAD patients and non-PAD participants (WMD = 3.75, 95% CI = 1.31–6.19, P = 0.003). No significant difference was found in clinical attachment loss between PAD patients and non-PAD participants (WMD = − 0.05, 95% CI = − 0.03–0.19, P = 0.686). Conclusion In conclusion, the results of this meta-analysis revealed a significant relationship between periodontitis and PAD. Moreover, our study indicated that PAD patients had more missing teeth than control subjects did. Further high-quality and well-designed studies with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria are required to strengthen the conclusions of this study. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12872-018-0879-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

This study aimed to investigate the color value of four kinds of highly transparent ceramics (Zenostar Zirconia, Lava Zirconia, Cercon Zirconia and Upcera Zirconia)after veneered on three different post core materials including noble metal alloy, Co-Cr alloy and composite resin. Highly transparent ceramics after veneered were made into specimens with 10mm in diameter and 1.0mm in thickness. The color of core ceramics after veneered on different post core materials were measured with Color Analyzes. The results showed that their color value were significantly different from each other. Zenostar ZR Translucent and Lava Plus High Translucency Zirconia can be easily affected by the background color because of its high translucency. Therefore, resin post core materials should be selected without cause prosthesis mismatch of colors in clinical work. When making Cerconht full contour zirconia restorations, you could try to use a resin material as a post core material. And selecting precious metals, you had better make it opaque. Upcera zirconia owned a poor relative translucency, when making clinical restorations; you could use any kind of post core materials.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of different proportional nHA / PLA application in alveolar bone preservation. Methods: After extraction, apply extraction socket filling based on the alveolar bone defect model due to absorption in Beagle dog. Implant materials are divided into 3 different groups: nHA / PLAI, nHA / PLAII and the control group. Samples of the alveolar bone were collected at Week 4 and 8, respectively for the bone resorption assessment, bone density measurement, and histological examination. Results: After nHA / PLA implantation, the alveolar bone preservation was significantly improved. There was no difference in the alveolar bone preservation between the nHA / PLAI and nHA / PLAII groups. However, the sample which are 8w from group I, have higher bone density and have complete absorption in their dental material nest .Therefore group I is better than group II. Conclusions: The results can provide a reliable basis for the application of alveolar bone preservation in basic research and selection of clinical materials.

Objective: To evaluate the colouration of zirconia ceramic by adding two kinds of rare earth oxides. Methods: Added different concentrations of Fe2O3and CeO2in tetragonal zirconia poly crystals stabilized with 3Y-TZP powder compacted at 200MPa using cold isostatic pressure, and fully sinter. The chromaticity of sintered bodies was measured with spectrophotometer. Results: self-colored zirconia by two kinds of rare earth oxides: The lightness of zirconia by adding cerium oxides was about 85 and a* decreased slightly. The color shifted to more yellow-green color. The chroma of the ceramics became more intensity, the lightness decreased with the increasing of the content of ferrum oxides and the color change to red-yellow direction. Conclusion: Zirconia ceramic could be colorized by Fe2O3and CeO2.

Objective:To study the relative translucency of 5 veneered and glazed all-ceramic systems core material, including Procerra AllCeram Alumina, Vita In-Ceram Zirconium, Ivoclar Vivodent Empress, In-Ceram Spinell and Colored Zirconia. Methods: Under standard black and white background, the surface light reflectivity of 5 veneered all-ceramic systems core material was determined with contact color difference meter, and the ratio of Yb /Yw was calculated. Results: After veneered, the relative translucency of 5 core materials all declined, and ranged from 0.6740 of In-Ceram Spinell to 1.00 of In-Ceram zirconia, among of that In-Ceram Spinell was most transparent. Conclusion: Among the groups, there is no significant differences among Empress II, Procera AllCeram and Colored Zirconia (IL1,IL2,IL3). Compared with Procera AllCeram and Vita In-Ceram Zirconium , Procera AllCeram has significant difference. There is a significant difference between Procera AllCeram and In-Ceram Spinell.

Objective: To study the relative translucency of 4 veneered and glazed all-ceramic systems core material, including Vita In-Ceram Alumina, Vita In-Ceram Zirconium, Ivoclar Vivodent Empress and Colored Zirconia. Methods: Under standard black and write background, the surface light reflectivity of 4 veneered all-ceramic systems core material was determined with contact color difference meter, and the ratio of Yb /Yw was calculated. Results: After veneered, the relative translucency of 4 core materials all declined, and ranged from 0.8015 of Colored Zirconia to 1.00 of In-Ceram zirconia, among of that Empress II and Colored Zirconia were most transparent. Conclusion: Among the groups, there is no significant difference between Empress II and Colored Zirconia(IL1,IL2,IL3). Compared with Vita In-Ceram Alumina and Vita In-Ceram Zirconium, Vita In-Ceram Alumina(AL1) has significant difference. There is no significant difference between Vita In-Ceram Zirconium and Vita In-Ceram Alumina(AL2,AL3,AL4).

Objective: We aimed to develop a multi-functional CCS/CCM (Computerized Color Selecting/Computer Color Matching) software so as to provide more practical colorimetric software for clinical use and further researches. Methods: This software used the 6 dental prosthetic materials and color data from 4 shade guide system which were most frequently-used in clinic currently as basic database, to program 5 functional blocks including respectively CCS/CCM system; Dental Material Chromatic Value System; Vita Information System; Transformation of Colorimeter System; and Chromatic Value Difference Analysis. These modules had the functions of information inquiry of different types of dental materials and their corresponding chromatic value, color matching, transforming, and color difference analysis. Results: The software had a convenient operation interface which could guarantee a stable performance. Containing various shade block and chromatic value, and transformation among different colors, this software analysed the color difference in the database, improved the accuracy and reliability of dental color choosing, and, to some extent, increased the color repetition rate of prosthesis. Conclusion: The software could well meet the needs of clinical dental colorimeter and choosing, increase the color repetition rate of prosthesis, and easily finish the transformation among different colors. It had more functions to adapt clinical need.

The need for bone repair has increased as the population ages. However, currently, the bone grafts still have some disadvantages, such as low compressive strength and porosity, which limit their use. In order to solve these disadvantages, in this study, the porous beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) anorganic bone graft were prepared from healthy bovine cancellous bone by cell-free, defat and twice calcinations. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to investigate the chemical composition of the bone graft. And the morphology, porosity and mechanical strength of the bone graft were also evaluated. The results showed that most constituent of the bone graft was β-TCP. In addition, the bone graft scaffold exhibited the macro and micro porous structure and the porosity was 57.63%, just as the nature cancellous bone. The compressive strength was 4.47±0.63MPa. Above all, the porous β-TCP anorganic bone graft not only has similar chemical composites as the nature cancellous bone, but also it can effectively retain the porous structure of natural cancellous bone and provides optimal channels for the ingrowth of new bone and blood vessels.Therefore, the porous β-TCP anorganic bone graft is a potential biomaterial in bone tissue engineering.

Aim To explore pigmented glass for infiltration and investigate its physical and mechanical properties. Methods The pigmented glass was prepared by melting glass components in an alumina crucible at 1400°C for 2h. The thermal properties were tested using a Setaram-TGDTA 92 analyzer; three point bending strength and fracture toughness were also tested; the microstructure of the glass was studied using a scanning electron microscope. Results The thermal expansion coefficient over the range 20–600 °C was 6.2 × 10-6 °C -1, Tg was about 690 °C, the density, bending strength, fracture toughness and Vickers hardness were 2.23 g/cm3, 118 MPa, 1.22 MPam1/2, and 7.4 GPa respectively. Conclusion The pigments have no detrimental effects on the physical and mechanical properties; thus the pigmented glass for infiltration has favorable physical and mechanical properties and also good compatibility with presintered porous alumina.