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SummaryObjective This mixed treatment comparison is used to compare the adverse effects of eleven different drugs used to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). The drugs that we compare include the following: ropinirole, rasagiline, rotigotine, entacapone, apomorphine, pramipexole, sumanirole, bromocriptine, piribedil, pergolide, and levodopa. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched from the inception to December 2015. Our analysis combines the evidences of direct comparison and indirect comparison between various literatures. We evaluated the merging odds ratios (OR) value and surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA) of each of the drugs and used this as a mode of comparison. Results Twenty-four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this study. Our results demonstrated that the incidence of adverse reactions of ropinirole, rotigotine, entacapone, and sumanirole were obviously higher in terms of nausea compared to the placebo. Ropinirole produced the highest incidence rates of dyskinesia side effects, whereas pramipexole was significantly higher in terms of patients’ hallucination. In addition, the SUCRA values of all the drugs showed that the incidence of adverse reaction of pergolide was relatively high (nausea: 83.5%; hallucination: 79.8%); for dyskinesia and somnolence, the incidence of ropinirole was higher (dyskinesia: 80.5%; somnolence: 69.4%); the incidence of adverse reaction of piribedil was higher on PD in terms of dizziness (67.0%); and the incidence of bromocriptine was relatively high in terms of constipation (62.3%). Conclusions This mixed treatment comparison showed that the drugs ropinirole, bromocriptine, and piribedil produced the highest incidence rates of nausea, dyskinesia, hallucination, dizziness, constipation, and somnolence symptoms. Thus, we conclude that as these three drugs produced the most frequent symptoms, they are not recommended for the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease.

In a quantum network, it often occurs that there are many remote nodes which should collaborate with each to perform unitary operations. Most of the time, it can be addressed by bi-direction quantum teleportation. However, it often consumes too much quantum resources. In this paper, we propose an efficient scheme for implementation of remote control of some restricted sets of multi-qudit unitary operation. Alice (controller) prepares one cat-like-state by CONT operation and sends them to the remote Bobs (Bob b Bob 2 ) by sharing Bell channels respectively. Then Bobs perform a series of local operations with cat-like-state's control. By comparing with the previous work, our scheme generalizes it from one controller and one target to one controller and two targets. Our scheme does not only save the working time, but also reduces the quantum communication resources. Moreover, we also give its quantum circuit, which could lead us to a better and clearer understanding. Finally, we generalize our scheme to the case of rf-dimensional qudits.