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PDF file - 265K, Supplementary Figure 1. Experimental scheme of metastatic melanoma in C57BL/6 mice.

PDF file - 1470K, Supplementary Figure 2. Evaluation of the Luc-B16-F10 cells delivery efficiency in vivo. Bioluminescence live images of day 0, day 7 and day 14 provided an estimation of the number of metastatic cells upon injection.

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The prognosis of malignant melanoma is poor due to high incidence of metastasis, underscoring the demand for development of novel therapeutic strategies. Stress hormone pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is the precursor for several anti-inflammatory peptides that hold promise for management of cancer-related diseases. The present study evaluated the antimetastatic potential and mechanism of POMC therapy for metastatic melanoma. Adenovirus-mediated POMC gene delivery potently inhibited the invasiveness of human and mouse melanoma cells. Moreover, after induction of lung metastasis, systemic POMC expression significantly reduced the foci formation and neovascularization in lungs. Mechanistic studies revealed that POMC therapy inhibited the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of melanoma cells by upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). In addition, microarray analysis unveiled POMC gene transfer reduced the mRNA level of multiple prometastatic factors, including hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF). Cell culture and immunohistochemical studies further confirmed that POMC gene delivery significantly decreased the expression of HDGF in melanoma cells and tissues. Despite stimulating the invasion and EMT, exogenous HDGF supply only partially attenuated the POMC-mediated invasion inhibition and EMT change in melanoma cells. Finally, we delineated the contribution of melanocortins to POMC-induced inhibition of invasion, HDGF downregulation, and E-cadherin upregulation. Together, these results indicate that HDGF downregulation participates in POMC-induced suppression of metastasis and EMT in melanoma. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(6); 1016–25. ©2013 AACR.

PDF file - 1237K, Supplementary Figure 3. POMC gene transfer inhibited neovascularization of metastatic melanoma in vivo. (A) Growth of metastatic GFP-B16-F10 cells in lung was observed by merging the images of GFP (green) and rhodamine label-dextran (red). (B) Blood vessels were labeled by an antibody directed against CD31, a specific marker of endothelial cells. The number of blood vessels within the nodules was counted by image analysis. (Magnification, 4x and Bar, 1.0 mm; 20x and Bar, 200 μm) (n = 5; **: p < 0.01)

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of nonprotein coding transcripts that play a critical role in cancer progression. However, the role of lncRNA in metformin-induced inhibition of cell growth and its biological function in gastric cancer remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified an oncogenic lncRNA, Loc100506691, the expression of which was decreased in gastric cancer cells with metformin treatment. Moreover, Loc100506691 was significantly overexpressed in gastric cancer compared with adjacent normal tissues (p < 0.001), and high Loc100506691 expression was significantly correlated with poor survival of patients with gastric cancer. Additionally, Loc100506691 knockdown could significantly suppress gastric cancer cell growth in vitro, and ectopic Loc100506691 expression accelerated tumor growth in an in vivo mouse model. Analysis of the cell cycle revealed that Loc100506691 knockdown induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase by impairing cell entry from the G2/M to G1 phase. Loc100506691 negatively regulated CHAC1 expression by modulating miR-26a-5p/miR-330-5p expression, and CHAC1 knockdown markedly attenuated Loc100506691 knockdown-induced gastric cancer cell growth and motility suppression. We concluded that anti-proliferative effects of metformin in gastric cancer may be partially caused by suppression of the Loc100506691-miR-26a-5p/miR-330-5p-CHAC1 axis., Graphical abstract, This new signaling pathway broadens our understanding of the mechanism and anticancer potential of metformin in the treatment of gastric cancer. Our findings showed anti-proliferative effects of metformin in gastric cancer may be caused by suppression of the novel Loc100506691-CHAC1 axis.

Aiming to solve the problems of poor CO2 displacement efficiency and serious gas-channeling and low well-opening rates in ultra-low permeability reservoirs, we carry out CO2 displacement experiments under different permeability reservoirs by using different development methods, water drive to gas drive procedures, and different fracture positions to clarify the effects of physical formation properties, injection methods, and fracture parameters on CO2 displacement efficiency in C8 ultra-low permeability reservoirs. The experimental results show that the recovery degree of CO2 miscible drive increases with an increase in permeability. When the gas–oil ratio is greater than 2000 m3/m3, serious gas channeling can be observed in both the miscible drive and immiscible drive. In addition, when the water drive is altered to be a gas drive, the water cut of 0.45 mD and 0.98 mD cores decreased, and the recovery degree increased by 13.4% and 16.57%, respectively. A long fracture length will deteriorate gas channeling and lower the CO2 oil-displacement efficiency. However, the fracture location is found to have little impact on the recovery of CO2 displacement.

Under the premise that financing constraints frequently occur in the supply chain, this paper investigates the financing model of the supplier providing guarantee for the retailer under symmetric and asymmetric information. The optimal solutions of the retailer, the supplier, and the bank are studied by using the Stackelberg game. Results show that increasing the supplier's guarantee proportion can effectively improve the bank's reasonable margin rate and increase the supplier's profit. Under the condition of asymmetric information, the bank can increase the probability of credit loan in the supply chain by reducing the cost of spot check and setting up a reasonable fine limit.

Hepatitis is an important health problem worldwide. Novel molecular targets are in demand for detection and management of hepatitis. Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) has been delineated to participate in hepatic fibrosis and liver carcinogenesis. However, the relationship between hepatitis and HDGF remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the role of HDGF during hepatitis using concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis model. In cultured hepatocytes, ConA treatment-elicited HDGF upregulation at transcriptional level and promoted HDGF secretion while reducing intracellular HDGF protein level and cellular viability. Similarly, mice receiving ConA administration exhibited reduced hepatic HDGF expression and elevated circulating HDGF level, which was positively correlated with serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. By using HDGF knockout (KO) mice, it was found the ConA-evoked cell death was prominently alleviated in KO compared with control. Besides, it was delineated HDGF ablation conferred protection by suppressing the ConA-induced neutrophils recruitment in livers. Above all, the ConA-mediated activation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)/interleukin-1β (IL-1β)/interleukin-6 (IL-6)/cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inflammatory signaling was significantly abrogated in KO mice. Treatment with recombinant HDGF (rHDGF) dose-dependently stimulated the expression of TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6/COX-2 in hepatocytes, further supporting the pro-inflammatory function of HDGF. Finally, application of HDGF antibody not only attenuated the ConA-mediated inflammatory cascade in hepatocytes, but also ameliorated the ConA-induced hepatic necrosis and AST elevation in mice. In summary, HDGF participates in ConA-induced hepatitis via neutrophils recruitment and may constitute a therapeutic target for acute hepatitis.

Objective To examine the influence of gender difference on the reperfusion delay in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods A total of consecutive 325 patients with STEMI were analyzed admitted in the 306 Hospital of PLA from Jan. 2011 to Dec. 2015. Patients were divided into two groups: male group (n=268) and female group (n=57). The clinical data and the time intervals including symptom onset to first medical contact (So-to-FMC), transfer delay (FMC-to-D), FMC to balloon dilatation (FMC-to-B), activation delay and door to balloon (D-to-B) time were compared between different gender groups, and the prognosis was observed. Results The overall median of pre-hospital delay was 125 minutes. The median of pre-hospital delay time (male 119.5min vs. female 160.0min) and So-to-FMC time (male 69.5min vs. female 100.0min) were longer in female than in male patients, but no statistical difference existed (P>0.05) between the two groups in pre-hospital delay, So-to-FMC, FMC-to-B, D-to-B and total ischemia time. Compared with male patients, female patients were more likely to have additional comorbidities, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and lower rate of smoking (P0.05). Conclusion The influence of gender on reperfusion delay is gradually weakening. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2017.02.10

A limited number of studies have explored whether the role of circulating proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is sex specific. The purpose of the present study was to examine sex differences in plasma PCSK9 in Chinese patients with AMI. In this study, a total of 281 records from patients presenting with AMI were analyzed.We compared hospital data and plasma PCSK9 levels by sex difference for inpatients presenting with AMI. After 1 year of follow-up, major adverse cardiac events(MACE) were recorded. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals. We found that, compared with male groups, PCSK9 levels were higher in female patients not only for overall patients with AMI but also for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (median: 273.6 [215.6–366.8] vs. 325.1 [247.5–445.3] ng/ml, P = 0.0136; 273.4 [215.6–369.7] vs. 317.1 [249.6–450.1], P = 0.0275, respectively). The cumulative incidence of cardiac death and 1-year MACE were significantly higher in the female group compared with male group (10% vs. 2.74%, P = 0.025; 15% vs. 4.11%, P = 0.0054, respectively). On multivariate Cox regression analysis, female sex, total triglyceride, glycosylated hemoglobin A, and homocysteic acid were independent risk factors of 1-year MACE. There was no significant correlation between PCSK9 and 1-year MACE in total AMI patients. In conclusion, PCSK9 levels and 1-year MACE were higher in women with AMI than in men with AMI, however, female sex but not PCSK9 were significant correlated with the 1-year MACE. The clinical implications of this finding are worthy of further investigations and must be confirmed in larger cohorts.

Amorphous alloy strips has been widely used in the field of distribution transformers due to its good soft magnetic properties. The resources, energy consumption of the amorphous alloy strips production with the rapid solidification technique and the environmental impacts were calculated based on the life cycle assessment method. The results showed that the largest contribution to the non-renewable resource consumption was ferroboron production process, accounting for 98% of abiotic resource depletion (ADP). And the strip production process had the largest contribution to the global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), photochemical oxidation potential (POCP), human toxicity potential (HTP),eutrophication potential (EP). Ferroboron production process contributed the biggest environmental impact when producing 1 ton amorphous strip, accounting for 70% of the total environmental impact. Under the new technology for energy-saving and emission-reduction, when the utilization rate of boric acid increased in ferroboron production process, all the environmental impact decreased.

Objective To analyze the influence of emergency direct percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) at different times on the prognosis of patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods The clinical data of two hundred twenty-three consecutive STEMI patients who were admitted to 306 Hospital of PLA from July 2011 to May 2014 receiving emergency PPCI within 12 hours of symptom onset were retrospectively studied. The patients were divided into three groups according to the admission time: i.e. communal working hour (8:00am-6:00pm), off-hours (6:00pm-8:00am), and weekends and holidays (Sat to Mon 8:00am-8:00am, official holidays). The time for STEM1 in the 3 groups, and the various factors that may affect the prognosis were statistically analyzed. The impacts of different treatment time of PPCI on the prognosis of STEMI patients were compared. Results A total of 58(26.01%), 86(38.57%), 79(35.43%) patients were included in above 3 groups respectively. Apart from age (mean 61.7, 56.7 and 55.8, P=0.018), incidence of hypertension (55.17%, 53.49% and 31.65%, P=0.005) and hyperlipidemia (27.59%, 40.70% and 51.90%, P=0.017), there was no difference in baseline and procedural characteristics among the 3 groups. On logistic regression analysis, off-hour and weekend admissions were not the predictor of 30-day hospital mortality. Whereas the Killip grading (P=0.006), CKMB peak (P=0.037) and the length of hospital stay (P=0.013) were the independent predictive factors of (30-day) out of hospital mortality. Conclusions In the consecutive series of patients with STEMI who receive emergency PPCI, there is no difference in mortality when patients are admitted at different times. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2015.12.14

Magnetic properties and the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of the RSi (R = Ce, Pr, Nd) compounds made of Misch metal (MM) are investigated. Two transitions are found at 12 K and 38 K. Field variation generated large MCE and two peaks are found in the magnetic entropy change (ΔS) curves, which correspond to the two transition temperatures. The maximum values of the magnetic entropy changes (ΔS) are found to be −5.1 J/(kg⋅K) and −9.3 J/(kg⋅K) for the field ranges of 0–2 T and 0–5 T, respectively. The large ΔS as well as ultra-low price of MM make (MM)Si a competitive magnetic refrigerant candidate for low temperature in Eriksson cycle.

Background Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are hypothesized downstream markers of brain damage caused by vascular and amyloid pathologic mechanisms. The aim of this study was to determine whether CMB count and location are associated with an increased risk for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with essential hypertension without a history of transient ischemic attack or stroke. Methods and Results In this cross‐sectional study, patients were prospectively enrolled from consecutive outpatients with essential hypertension 50 years and older at 3 centers in northern China. Generalized linear Poisson models were used to determine the association between the number and location of CMB s and MCI in patients with hypertension. The association of microbleeds with different cognitive domains was estimated using linear mixed models. The presence, number, and distribution of CMB s were greater in patients with hypertension who had MCI ( P CMB s, strictly lobar CMB s, and deep or infratentorial CMB s were all related to MCI after adjusting for age, sex, education, cardiovascular risk factors, body mass index, intima‐media thickness, the presence of silent lacunar infarctions, white matter lesion grade, and brain atrophy. Furthermore, the presence of multiple microbleeds (≥5) was associated with lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment total scores and worse performance on specific domains of cognitive tests, such as global cognitive function, information processing speed, and motor speed. Conclusions This study suggests that the presence of and a greater number of cerebral CMB s independently correlate with MCI in patients with essential hypertension without a history of transient ischemic attack or stroke.

The present study was conducted to explore the correlations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the calcium channel CACNA 1A, CACNA 1C, and CACNA 1H genes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) amongst the Chinese population. In total, 281 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes participated in the present study. These patients were divided into the case group, which was subdivided into the DPN (143 cases) and the non-DPN groups (138 cases). Subsequently, 180 healthy individuals that had undergone routine health examinations were also recruited and assigned to the control group. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect the genotype and allele frequencies of CACNA 1A, CACNA 1C, and CACNA 1H genes; logistic regression analysis to investigate the association of gene polymorphisms with DNP. Gene–gene interactions were then detected by generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR). The results revealed that CACNA 1A rs2248069 and rsl6030, CACNA 1C rs216008 and rs2239050, and CACNA 1H rs3794619, and rs7191246 SNPs were all associated with DPN, while rs2248069, rsl6030, rs2239050, and rs7191246 polymorphisms were attributed to the susceptibility to DPN. It was also observed that the optimal models were three-, four- and five-dimensional models with a prediction accuracy of 61.05% and the greatest consistency of cross-validation was 10/10. In summary, these findings demonstrated that the SNPs in the CACNA 1A, CACNA 1C, and CACNA 1H genes were involved in the pathophysiology of DPN. In addition, polymorphisms in the CACNA 1A, CACNA 1C, and CACNA 1H genes and their interactions also had effects on DPN.

MicroRNA (miRNA/miR) dysfunction is a hallmark of lung cancer, and results in the dysregulation of tumor suppressors and oncogenes during lung cancer progression. Selection of the 5p and 3p arms of miRNA is a mechanism that improves the modulation of miRNA biological functions and complicates the regulatory network in human types of cancer. However, the involvement of arm selection preference of miRNA in lung cancer remains unclear. In the present study, changes in miRNA arm selection preference were comprehensively identified in lung cancer and corresponding adjacent normal tissues by analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas. Arm selection was revealed to be consistent in the majority of miRNAs in lung cancer. Only a few miRNAs had significantly altered arm selection preference in lung cancer. Among these, the biological functions of the individual arms of miR-324 were investigated further. The data revealed that miR-324-5p and -3p were significantly overexpressed in lung cancer cells. Ectopic expression of miR-324-5p significantly promoted cell proliferation and invasion in lung cancer cells, while miR-324-3p overexpression significantly increased cell proliferation but did not alter the invasion of lung cancer cells. In conclusion, the arm selection preference of miRNA may be an additional mechanism through which biological functions are modulated. The results of the present study provide a novel insight into the underlying mechanisms of lung cancer and may direct research into future therapies.

Objective To investigate the effects of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) combined with intracoronary low-dose urokinase therapy on myocardial perfusion and clinical outcome in acute STEMI patients. Methods From Oct. 2011 to Jun. 2013, 183 patients suffering from myocardial infarction with acute ST segment elevation, (STEMI) who had undergone emergent PCI in 306 Hospital of PLA conforming to inclusion criteria were enrolled in the present study. They were randomly assigned to urokinase group (n=91) and control group (n=92). For urokinase group, besides routine interventional treatment, patients were given single or multiple intracoronary injection of 0.05-0.1 million U urokinase immediately before primary PCI, while for control group, patients received routine interventional treatment only. The main indices determined and compared between the two groups included the immediate blood flow grading of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI), corrected TIMI frame count, falling degree of ST segment elevation in ECG after intervention, and left ventricular function on the 7th and 30th day after intervention, and also major adverse cardiac events (MACE) on the 30th day after intervention. Results The TIMI Ⅲ blood flow and corrected TIMI frame count were obviously better in urokinase group than in control group (83 vs71, P=0.034; 21.2±10.7 vs29.6±15.3, P=0.012) immediately after PCI, ant the falling degree >70% of ST segment elevation at 90min after intervention was significantly more marked in urokinase group than that in control group (93.4% vs82.6%, P=0.025). When compared with urokinase group to control group, although no significant difference was found in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on the 7th day of follow-up (53.5±9.4 vs51.6±8.7, P=0.158), the cardiac ultrasound revealed a better outcome of LVEF (56.3±9.8 vs53.5±8.1, P=0.036) and a lower MACEs (including death, angina, target vessel revascularization, heart failure and stroke, etc.)(4.4% vs13.0%, P=0.038) on the 30th day of follow-up. Conclusion Emergency PCI combined with single or multiple intracoronary injection of low-dose urokinase before stent implantation may efficiently improve the myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function, and improve the short-term prognosis of acute myocardial infarction patients with due safety. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2015.08.12

Objective To analyze the treatment time layout in different phases and related factors in patients with acute ST elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods The study was a cross-sectional and single center registry. Data of 211 patients with STEMI admitted within 12 hours of onset to the Emergency Department of the 306 Hospital of PLA between January 1, 2013 and July 31, 2014 were collected. The following median times were recorded and compared with that in 2013 ACC/AHA guideline: symptom onset-summoning the ambulance servicesambulance arrival-ambulance arriving at emergency department (ED)-consent to primary PCI-arriving at catheterization laboratoryfirst balloon dilatation. Results Of the 211 patients with STEMI, 150 (71%) were transported to the 306 Hospital of PLA by ambulance, and the remaining 61 (29%) arrived at hospital by themselves. Through it all 3 time slots delayed: the median time of door to balloon (DTB) was 105min, did not reach the standard according to 2013 ACC/AHA guideline (

The present study was conducted to explore the correlations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the calcium channel CACNA 1A, CACNA 1C, and CACNA 1H genes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) amongst the Chinese population. In total, 281 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes participated in the present study. These patients were divided into the case group, which was subdivided into the DPN (143 cases) and the non-DPN groups (138 cases). Subsequently, 180 healthy individuals that had undergone routine health examinations were also recruited and assigned to the control group. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect the genotype and allele frequencies of CACNA 1A, CACNA 1C, and CACNA 1H genes; logistic regression analysis to investigate the association of gene polymorphisms with DNP. Gene–gene interactions were then detected by generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR). The results revealed that CACNA 1A rs2248069 and rsl6030, CACNA 1C rs216008 and rs2239050, and CACNA 1H rs3794619, and rs7191246 SNPs were all associated with DPN, while rs2248069, rsl6030, rs2239050, and rs7191246 polymorphisms were attributed to the susceptibility to DPN. It was also observed that the optimal models were three-, four- and five-dimensional models with a prediction accuracy of 61.05% and the greatest consistency of cross-validation was 10/10. In summary, these findings demonstrated that the SNPs in the CACNA 1A, CACNA 1C, and CACNA 1H genes were involved in the pathophysiology of DPN. In addition, polymorphisms in the CACNA 1A, CACNA 1C, and CACNA 1H genes and their interactions also had effects on DPN.

Saikosaponin a (SSa) is one of the main active components of Bupleurum falcatum. It is commonly used to treat liver injury and fibrosis in traditional Chinese medicine. Our previous study showed that SSa induces apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation of rat hepatic stellate cell (HSC) line HSC-T6. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of SSa-mediated apoptosis. Rat HSC cell line HSC-T6 and human HSC cell line LX-2 were used in this study. SSa triggered cell death mainly by apoptosis, as indicated by the typical morphological changes, sub-G1 phase of cell cycle increase, and activation of the caspase-9/caspase-3 cascade. In addition, SSa-induced apoptosis was partially inhibited by the caspase-3 inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK, suggesting an involvement of caspase-3 dependent and independent pathways. Moreover, SSa upregulated pro-apoptotic proteins [BAK, Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD), and p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA)] and downregulated anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2). In the mitochondria, SSa triggered the translocation of BAX and BAK from the cytosol to the outer membrane, resulting in a reduction of mitochondrial functions and membrane potential and subsequent release of apoptotic factors. Therefore, this study demonstrates that SSa induces apoptosis through the intrinsic mitochondrial-dependent pathway in HSCs.

A novel operation mode is proposed to enhance the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) by applying an external bias on the back electrode. The measured data shows that the photovoltaic conversion efficiency and open circuit voltage of DSSC are significantly improved by more than 38.8% and 5.8% under the stimulated AM 1.5 sunlight by using the biased operation mode compared to the conventional operation mode without an external bias applied. The improved photovoltaic performance could be attributed to the suppressed back reaction from the recombination between the photoelectrons produced from dyes and the I3- ions in electrolyte under the novel operation mode.

HfAlOx based RRAM devices were fabricated using atomic layer deposition by modulating deposition cycles for HfO2 and Al2O3. The effect of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on the resistive switching uniformity of HfAlOx based RRAM devices was investigated. Compared to the as-deposited devices, the resistive switching uniformity of HfAlOx based RRAM devices after RTA treatment are remarkably improved. The uniformity improvement of HfAlOx based RRAM after RTA treatment is related to microstructure change in the resistive switching film.

At present, the error rate of color detecting device is generally between 1%-5%, and mainly for the solids. To improve the detection accuracy further, and adapt liquid color detection, this research uses a new method to build light paths, and combines the United States TAOS's TCS3200 color sensor and STM32 microcontroller. A new type of liquid color detecting device is designed, system structure and testing process of the device are also given. This device has more than 10-bit A/D conversion accuracy, 0.5% or less error rate, and less than 30% of the price of similar products. It has broad promotion and application prospects, and can be widely used in chemistry, biology, grain and other fields.

A composite TiO2 photoelectrode structure is explored to optimize the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) properties. The composite TiO2 photoanodes consist of two nanoparticular TiO2 layers with different size and thickness. The impact of film thickness on the performance of DSSCs was also investigated. In the optimized composite photoelectrode structure with large sized TiO2 nanoparticle as light scattering layer, the significantly improved performance of DSSC with 25% increase of current density and 13.1% increase of conversion efficiency was experimentally demonstrated.

Magnetocaloric effect (MCE) technology is considered as one of the most important fundamental thermodynamic effects, and plays an important role in the refrigeration area for its high energy-efficiency and eco-friendly characteristics. Rear earth based low temperature magnetic refrigerant shows broad application prospect in the future. Low cost and high processability are so important to the application in the refrigeration machine. In this paper, pure phase TbFe2Al10 was prepared by arc melting and long-time annealing process. The magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of the TbFe2Al10 compound were intensively studied. It was determined to be antiferromagnetic with the Neel temperature TN =18 K. Two metamagnetic transitions from antiferromagnetic (AFM) to ferrimagnetic (FIM) and ferrimagnetic to ferromagnetic (FM) state occurred at 5 K under a crucial applied magnetic field of 0.95 T and 1.89 T, respectively. Field variation generated a large MCE and no magnetic hysteresis loss was observed. The maximum values of magnetic entropy change (ΔS) were found to be -4.5 J/kg K and –6.7 J/kg K for the field changes of 0-5 T and 0-7 T, respectively. The large ΔS with no hysteresis loss as well as low proportion of rare earth (Tb) in crude materials make TbFe2Al10 a competitive candidate as low temperature magnetic refrigerant.

Because of the obvious non-Darcy characteristic of fluid flowing in tight reservoirs, there is a virtual moving boundary at the flow edge, and these percolation models of fractured wells with Darcy formula are no longer applicable. Based on the threshold pressure gradient effect, the unsteady seepage flow model of vertical fractured well was established in the drain area by means of Source and Green's Functions. With the flow characteristics at the boundary of tight reservoir, the motion equation of axes of moving boundary was obtained. By Example analysis, its proved that the moving boundary is approximate circular in the far-field, and it will move slower with the increase of the threshold pressure gradient.