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A novel irregular serpentine channel microfluidic chip based on magnetic-nanowaxberry was developed to continuously separate plasma exosomes with large yield and optimum purity. It can be successfully applied to cancer diagnosis with high accuracy.

In order to expand the comparative analysis of electronic and magnetic properties of transition metal phosphate materials MPS3, the article selected iron-based transition elements Fe, Co, and Ni as metal atoms M. The configuration design and optimization of cluster MnPS3 were carried out at the calculation level of B3LYP/def2-tzvp using density functional theory, and the optimized configurations were obtained. Analysis of the electronic properties of the optimized configuration reveals thatthe electrons inside the cluster MnPS3 flow from the metal atom M and the non-metal atom P to the non-metal atom S; the S atom is the main site of the electrophilic reaction within the cluster; the electrons inside the metal atom are the main site of the nucleophilic reaction within the cluster; the configurations 2a(2), 2b(2), 3a(4), 3b(3) and 3c(2) have larger mobility of electrons and optimal electronic properties.The analysis of the magnetic properties of the optimized configurations shows that, the magnetic properties of cluster MnPS3 are also determined by the spin motion of α electrons in the p orbital, and the contribution of metal atoms to the magnetic properties of cluster MnPS3 is relatively large; the magnetic properties of configurations 1b(3), 2c(4) and 3a(4) are relatively larger than those of other configurations of the same size.

Exosomal proteins are considered to be promising indicators of cancer. Herein, a novel DNAzyme walkers-triggered CRISPR-Cas12a/Cas13a strategy was proposed for the synchronous determination of exosomal proteins: serum amyloid A-1 protein (SAA1) and coagulation factor V (FV). In this design, the paired antibodies were used to recognize targets, thereby ensuring the specificity. DNAzyme walkers were employed to convert the contents of SAA1 and FV into activators (P1 and P2), and one target can produce abundant activators, thus achieving an initial amplification of signal. Furthermore, the P1 and P2 can activate CRISPR-Cas12a/Cas13a system, which in turn trans-cleaves the reporters, enabling a second amplification and generating two fluorescent signals. The assay is highly sensitive (limits of detection as low as 30.00 pg/mL for SAA1 and 200.00 pg/mL for FV), highly specific and ideally accurate. More importantly, it is universal and can be used to detect both non-membrane and membrane proteins in exosome. Besides, the method can be successfully applied to detect SAA1 and FV in plasma exosomes to differentiate between lung cancer patients and healthy individuals. To explore the application of the developed method in tumor diagnosis, a deep learning model based on the expressions of SAA1 and FV was developed. The accuracy of this model can achieve 86.96%, which proves that it has a promising practical application capacity. Thus, this study does not only provide a new tool for the detection of exosomal proteins and cancer diagnosis, but also propose a new strategy to detect non-nucleic acid analytes for CRISPR-Cas system.

Novel molecularly imprinted resorcinol-formaldehyde resin nanofibers (MIRF NFs) was prepared using polydopamine as an intermediate. With high specific surface area and favorable usability, MIRF NFs presented high efficiency for the solid phase extraction (SPE) of sulfonamides (SAs) in complex animal foods. After optimizing the operating conditions, a new method for SAs quantification coupled with HPLC-MS/MS was developed. By simple water dilution of the solvent extracts, SPE could be carried out. In addition, the eluent could be analyzed directly without any further treatment. The newly developed method was simplified greatly with much fewer sample pretreatment procedures (4 steps). Moreover, much fewer amounts of sample (1.0 g), adsorbent (3.0 mg), organic solvent (1.5 mL) and preparation time (20 min for 24 samples) were needed. The obtained good linearity (R

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) encapsulated in tumor-derived exosomes are becoming ideal biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer. However, the accuracy and sensitivity are often hampered by the extraction process of exosomal miRNA using traditional methods. Herein, this study developed a fluorogenic quantitative detection method for exosomal miRNA using the fluorescence quenching properties of molybdenum disulfide (MoS

Poly(4-vinylpyridine)-block-polystyrene (P4VP-b-PS) is an ideal amphiphilic diblock copolymer for potential applications in emulsion polymerization, colloid stabilization and microreactors, and the self-assembly ability also helps P4VP-b-PS to find wide applications in nanolithography, catalysis, molecular templating, and drug delivery. In this work, the non-covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with P4VP-b-PS in CO2-expanded liquids (CXLs) is reported. It is found that P4VP-b-PS stabilized SWCNTs showed better dispersion in organic solvent. Raman spectra indicated that there exist interactions between SWCNTs and P4VP-b-PS chains. Furthermore, the structure and morphology of P4VP-b-PS/SWCNTs composite were examined, focusing on P4VP-b-PS concentration and the pressure of CXLs. It is found that the P4VP-b-PS wrapping patterns undergo a remarkable morphological evolution from dotted coating crystals to compact kebabs, and then to helical patternings by facile pressure tuning in the high polymer concentration series. In other words, the CXLs method enables superior control of the P4VP-b-PS crystallization patternings on SWCNTs. What is more, the CXL-assisted P4VP-b-PS crystal growth mechanism on SWCNT is investigated. The crystal growth exhibited a pressure-switchable mechanism, i.e., the dominating mechanism switches from “soft epitaxy” (kebabs) at pressures below the threshold pressure to “normal epitaxy” (helicals) at higher pressure above the threshold value. We believe these studies would reveal great potential for P4VP-b-PS in building up functional structures in CXLs that are responsive to environmental stimuli.

Two unsymmetric bis-aroyl-hydrazines, N′-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)isonicotinohydrazide (L1) and N′-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)nicotinohydrazide (L2), were synthesized through reactions of salicyl hydrazide with isonicotinoyl chloride and nicotinoyl chloride, respectively. Reactions of metal salts with L1 or L2 gave three new complexes, [Cd(L1)2(SCN)2] n (1), [Zn(L1)2Cl2] · H2O (2), and [Zn(L2)2Cl2] (3). Complex 1 features a 1-D double-chain structure built by SCN– bridging six-coordinate CdII centers while 2 and 3 are mononuclear ZnII complexes. In 1–3, isomeric ligands L1 and L2 coordinate with metal ions in a terminal coordination mode. Ligands L1 and L2 through O–H···N and N–H···O hydrogen-bonding interactions in 1–3 are crucial for the structure extension into 3-D supramolecular structures of 1 and 2, or 2-D sheet of 3. Complexes 1–3 emit interesting blue-green luminescence. Thermal behaviors of 1–3 as well as the specific rotation of 2 were also investigated.

With the rise in the popularity of web-based education, there is a pressing need for the design of web-based systems that are domain-specific. This need is particularly acute for the domain of second language education, where generic web-based systems fall short of fulfilling the potential of the Internet for meeting the particular challenges faced by language learners and teachers. A novel interactive online environment is described which integrates the potential of computers, Internet, and linguistic analysis to address the highly specific needs of second language composition classes. The system accommodates learners, teachers, and researchers. A crucial consequence of the interactive nature of this system is that users actually create information through their use, and this information enables the system to improve with use. Specifically, the essays written by users and the comments given by teachers are archived in a searchable online database. Learners can do pinpoint searches of this data to understand their individual persistent difficulties. Teachers can do the same in order to discover these difficulties for individual learners and for a class as a whole. The architecture of the system makes possible a novel approach to corpus analysis of learner errors. Teachers' annotations of learner errors are exploited as bootstraps which can lead to the incremental uncovering of errors without the need to heavily error tag the learner corpus. Error analysis then feeds the design of online help content.

One of the most common and persistent error types in second language writing is collocation errors, such as learn knowledge instead of gain or acquire knowledge, or make damage rather than cause damage. In this work-in-progress report, we propose a probabilistic model for suggesting corrections to lexical collocation errors. The probabilistic model incorporates three features: word association strength (MI), semantic similarity (via Word-Net) and the notion of shared collocations (or intercollocability). The results suggest that the combination of all three features outperforms any single feature or any combination of two features.

Samples were digested by HNO3 + HClO4. Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) was successfully used to determine copper, zinc and iron in new resource food. Under our experimental conditions, the recovery ratio was 94.66%-108.80%; the precision was 0.71%-4.78%. This method of measuring elements is convenient, rapid and accurate. The results showed that there are profitable elements, such as copper, zinc and iron in new resourse food in Henan province. By F test and SNK test, the content sequence of metal elements was found as follows: copper, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat = Silkworm pupaflowers of Pueraria lobata Ohwin = Wheat germ = Codonopsis lanceolata = roots of Pueraria lobata OhwiOpuntia dillenii Haw. Zinc, Opuntia dillenii HawSilkworm pupa = flowers of Pueraria lobata Ohwi = roots of Pueraria lobata Ohwi = Wheat germ = Codonopsis lanceolata = Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. Iron, Silkworm pupa = C hrysanthemum morifolium Ramat = roots of Pueraria lobata Ohwiflowers of Pueraria lobata Ohwi = Wheat germ = Codonopis lanceolata = Opuntia dillenii Haw.

Polysaccharide was extracted from morinda officinalis how by back-flowing with 80% ethanol for 1 h, and the method of improved phenol-sulfuric acid spectroscopy was adopted to determine the content of morinda officinalis how polysaccharide. As for its trace elements, the atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to detect the content of Zn, Fe and Cu, which were compared with its fake; and cold atomic fluorometry was applied to determine the trace mercury. The results were satisfactory, which can give reference about the effective components of morinda officinalis how, and will help to exploit it.

The samples of Pueraria lobata ohwi were digested by HNO3 + HClO4. Copper, zinc, iron, calcium and magnesium in pueraria lobata ohwi from Da Bieshan were successfully determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS). The results showed that there are rich grand elements, such as Ca and Mg, and profitable elements, such as trace elements Cu, Zn and Fe, in Pueraria lobata ohwi. The content sequence of metal elements is as follows: Copper: leavesflowersrattansroots; Zinc: leavesflowersrattansroots; Iron: rootsrattansleavesflowers; Calcium: leavesrootsflowersrattans; Magnesium: flowersrootsleavesrattans. The results provided useful data for discussing the relationship between the metal elements in Pueraria lobata and hypertension diseases. ohwi and the cure for cerebrovascular diseases.