Search

Research data infrastructures form the cornerstone in both cyber and physical spaces, driving the progression of the data-intensive scientific research paradigm. This opinion paper presents an overview of global research data infrastructure, drawing insights from national roadmaps and strategic documents related to research data infrastructure. It emphasizes the pivotal role of research data infrastructures by delineating four new missions aimed at positioning them at the core of the current scientific research and communication ecosystem. The four new missions of research data infrastructures are: (1) as a pioneer, to transcend the disciplinary border and address complex, cutting-edge scientific and social challenges with problem- and data-oriented insights; (2) as an architect, to establish a digital, intelligent, flexible research and knowledge services environment; (3) as a platform, to foster the high-end academic communication; (4) as a coordinator, to balance scientific openness with ethics needs.

We propose a novel model‐free unsupervised learning paradigm to tackle the unfavorable prevailing problem of real‐world image deraining, dubbed MUL‐Derain. Beyond existing unsupervised deraining efforts, MUL‐Derain leverages a model‐free Multiscale Attentive Filtering (MSAF) to handle multiscale rain streaks. Therefore, formulation of any rain imaging is not necessary, and it requires neither iterative optimization nor progressive refinement operations. Meanwhile, MUL‐Derain can efficiently compute spatial coherence and global interactions by modeling long‐range dependencies, allowing MSAF to learn useful knowledge from a larger or even global rain region. Furthermore, we formulate a novel multiloss function to constrain MUL‐Derain to preserve both color and structure information from the rainy images. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real‐world datasets demonstrate that our MUL‐Derain obtains state‐of‐the‐art performance over un/semisupervised methods and exhibits competitive advantages over the fully‐supervised ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusions To investigate the relationship between the expression of PD‐L1 in OSCC and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients.We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data and prognosis of 381 OSCC patients. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on OSCC tumor specimens, and the expression level of PD‐L1 was evaluated according to the combined positive score (CPS). Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to identify the effect of PD‐L1 expression and clinicopathological features on the prognosis of patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to determine the hazard factors affecting the prognosis of patients.PD‐L1 overexpression was significantly associated with cervical lymph node metastasis (p = 0.018), worse clinical stage (p = 0.022), worse tumor differentiation (p = 0.046), and worse depth of invasion (DOI) (p = 0.003). Poorer clinical stage and degree of tumor differentiation were significantly associated with poorer OS and DSS in patients. PD‐L1 expression was not associated with prognosis in patients with OSCC.High PD‐L1 expression was significantly associated with higher tumor malignancy in OSCC patients. Poorer clinical stage and degree of tumor differentiation were associated with poor prognosis in OSCC patients. Our results may help clinicians develop more appropriate individualized treatment strategies for their patients, thus improving their outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific instruments are indispensable tools and means for scientific research, and they are important support and cornerstone of independent innovation. The development and construction of major research infrastructure has given rise to many scientific instruments and related technologies with industrial application prospects, but the transfer and transformation still have a long way to go. Based on the concept of "open science, open innovation, and open to the world", the EU has established the ATTRACT project to try to accelerate the commercialization of the detection and imaging related technologies of major science and technology infrastructure as well as to construct a sustainable open joint innovation ecosystem of scientific instruments innovation value chain, in order to develop breakthrough technologies for science and society. The study briefly analyzes the current situation of the organization of scientific instrumentation projects in China, and investigates the organization and management mode of ATTRACT project deeply, in order to provide support and reference for accelerating the transformation of advanced technologies in major research infrastructure, optimizing the allocation of scientific instrument innovation resources, and breaking through the bottleneck of high-end scientific instrument research, development and transformation in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synchrotron radiation light source has brought about new discoveries in a wide range from basic scientific research, technical innovation to industry fields, which is offering extreme experimental means and conditions as a kind of typically large scientific user facility, like a giant microscope. Meanwhile, several major challenges, such as high technical complexity, long construction period and cost risk, request more caution of management practices. Monitoring and evaluating the scientific and technological performance are effective solutions to optimize the operation and use of synchrotron radiation light source. This paper assessed the scientific and technological performance and impact of Advanced Photon Source (APS) in USA as an example, especially from the perspective of 68 simultaneously beamlines/endstations, which are the key components of research infrastructure and the frontier of scientific service. The main dataset was constructed based on the academic paper records allocated from the official website, including the output using APS and by the staffs of APS focusing on the establishment, development and upgrade of APS during 1985 to 2019. Each beamline was analyzed under the framework of "facilitymetrics", and the quantitative performance measures included overall trend and activity level, discipline distribution, requirements in various countries, academic impact, hot themes and main experimental approaches. Furthermore, several issues about the sustainability of large facility were discussed briefly: (1) the necessary of upgrade; (2) the challenge and alternativity from new disruptive experimental instruments and technology; (3) supporting trans-disciplines scientific research effectively; (4) international cooperation and different access demands in various countries user. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel curvature‐correction technique insensitive to process variations, which can be used in not only the bandgap reference (BGR) circuit but also the Zener reference circuit. By using two BJT transistors to form a differential pair structure, the current difference between the differential pair generates a compensation current, which compensates for the non‐linearity in the reference voltage. Unlike the classic curvature‐correction technique which can only be used in the BGR circuit, this novel technique can be used in the Zener reference circuit as well. What is more, the proposed curvature‐correction technique is insensitive to process variations, which greatly increases the reliability of commercial products. Finally, simulation results verify the validity of the proposed technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]