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Abstract Background Breast cancer (BC) patients tend to suffer from distant metastasis, especially bone metastasis. Methods All the analysis based on open-accessed data was performed in R software, dependent on multiple algorithms and packages. The RNA levels of specific genes were detected using quantitative Real-time PCR as a method of detecting the RNA levels. To assess the ability of BC cells to proliferate, we utilized the CCK8 test, colony formation, and the 5-Ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine assay. BC cells were evaluated for invasion and migration by using Transwell assays and wound healing assays. Results In our study, we identified the molecules involved in BC bone metastasis based on the data from multiple BC cohorts. Then, we comprehensively investigated the effect pattern and underlying biological role of these molecules. We found that in the identified molecules, the EMP1, ACKR3, ITGA10, MMP13, COL11A1, and THY1 were significantly correlated with patient prognosis and mainly expressed in CAFs. Therefore, we explored the CAFs in the BC microenvironment. Results showed that CAFs could activate multiple carcinogenic pathways and most of these pathways play an important role in cancer metastasis. Meanwhile, we noticed the interaction between CAFs and malignant, endothelial, and M2 macrophage cells. Moreover, we found that CAFs could induce the remodeling of the BC microenvironment and promote the malignant behavior of BC cells. Then, we identified MMP13 for further analysis. It was found that MMP13 can enhance the malignant phenotype of BC cells. Meanwhile, biological enrichment and immune infiltration analysis were conducted to present the effect pattern of MMP13 in BC. Conclusions Our result can improve the understanding of researchers on the underlying mechanisms of BC bone metastasis.

Apples are rich in vitamins and dietary fiber, and are one of the essential fruits and vegetables in People’s Daily diet. China is a big apple consumer, and with the improvement of people’s pursuit of quality of life and the improvement of nutrition and health requirements, the demand for high-quality apples has increased year by year. Apple mold heart disease is one of the main diseases affecting apple quality, this disease can not be identified from the outside, so the detection is very difficult, and spectral technology, electromagnetic technology and other non-destructive testing technology has accurate, efficient, convenient, non-destructive advantages, can greatly reduce the difficulty of detection of mold heart disease. This paper mainly analyzed the application of non-destructive testing technology in the detection of apple mold heart disease, combined with the current rapid development of AI technology to discuss the future development direction of each technology in the field of apple mold heart disease rapid detection.

Hypereutectic Al-Si melts and eutectic Al-Si melt were solidified to study boron and phosphorus distributions in primary silicon phase, eutectic silicon phase and eutectic aluminum phase during Al-Si solvent refining. The boron and phosphorus contents in the primary silicon phase and the eutectic silicon phase were determined by ICP-OES, and the boron and phosphorus contents in the eutectic aluminum phase were calculated by the principle of mass conservation. The primary silicon phase has lowest boron and phosphorus contents, while the eutectic aluminum phase has highest boron and phosphorus contents.

Coherent Change Detection (CCD) detects micro changes in a scene using phase coherence of SAR images before and after a change. It is difficult for conventional CCD method to distinguish low coherence interference region from objective change region because of a single detection scale. Multi-band SAR target detection in a multiscale way develops variable coherent representation according to the diversity of electromagnetic wave penetration, target structure, and change magnitude. In this paper, a multi-band CCD method is proposed. Firstly, the CCD images of every band were acquired; secondly, the detected scene was classified on the basis of coherent representation of targets in each single band using improved Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm; thirdly, the objective change class in each single band was selected by a few supervised samples; lastly, multi-band fusion CCD image was acquired by the use of Dempster-Shafer (DS) evidence theory. This multi-band CCD result can eliminate low coherent interference in each single band and decrease false alarm probability. The method is validated by L- and P-band repeat-pass SAR images acquired before and after change. Results and index parameters demonstrate the validity and correctness of the proposed method.

The Al-Si melts that contain different silicon contents were solidified with a series of cooling rates, and the boron contents in primary silicon phases and eutectic silicon phases were measured and discussed. The results indicate that the boron content in the eutectic silicon phases is higher than that in the primary silicon phases when the cooling rate is constant. When the cooling rate decreases, the boron content in the primary silicon phases decreases, but the boron content in the eutectic silicon phases increases. The microstructure observations of solidified ingots show that there is an interface transition layer beside the primary silicon phase, and the average width of the interface transition layer increases with decreasing cooling rate.

The Coherent Change Detection (CCD) measures the phase difference in repeat passes in SAR images and is a powerful technique for detecting minute changes between two synthetic aperture radar images taken at different times. Nevertheless, the CCD has two problems. These are the high false-alarm rates and threshold selection. To deal with these problems using the likelihood change, this study makes two improvements. First, the model parameters are optimized by the maximum likelihood method and more accurate and robust parameters are obtained by using the sliding window in the neighborhood operations. Second, the automatic change in the threshold method is proposed based on the histogram characteristics of different data. The processing of real data suggests that the proposed method is effective in detecting minute changes.

Geometric positioning accuracy is an important technical indicator for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) in the geomatics domain. Airborne SAR is an important trend in SAR technology due to its advantages of high flexibility, high resolution, and low cost. Motion error and undulating terrain are the major sources of airborne SAR geometric positioning. In this paper, we consider the SAR imaging principle and imaging geometry to carefully examine the mechanism of geometric positioning error caused by the coupling of motion error and terrain fluctuation. Therefore, we propose a fast geometric precision correction method and verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method based on simulation results and experimental data.

The effect of Ga addition on alloy macrostructure, morphology and recovery rate of primary Si during the Al–Si–Ga alloy solvent refining process of silicon was studied in this work. The addition of Ga to Al–Si alloy could change the morphology of the primary Si. The average plate thickness of the primary Si increases with increase of Ga content. With the increase of Ga content, the average plate length of the primary Si crystals becomes larger when the Ga content is less than 5% in the Al–30%Si–xGa alloy, but becomes smaller when the Ga content exceeds 5%. Al–Si–Ga alloys consist of three types, primary Si, GaxAl1–x, (α-Al+Si+β-Ga) eutectic. (111) is the preferred growth surface of the plate-like primary Si. The recovery rate of the primary Si increases with the increase of Ga content. When the Ga content increased to 20% in Al–30%Si–xGa alloy, the relative recovery rate of the primary Si increased to 50.41% than that in Al–30%Si alloy.

The effect of cooling rate on boron removal and solidification behavior of Al-Si alloy with different silicon contents were studied during solar grade silicon purification. It is found that the boron removal rate is controlled by kinetic factor. A method is proposed to calculate apparent segregation coefficient of solidification process that spans over a temperature range. This apparent segregation coefficient is used to evaluate purification effect in alloy system with changing segregation coefficients. When average solidification temperature decreases, the apparent segregation coefficient of boron decreases. The average width and mass of primary silicon flakes decrease with increasing cooling rate. Impurity elements form intermetallic compound phases such as α-Al8SiFe2 and π-Al8Si6Mg3Fe in eutectic matrix.

One important problem in casting wrought aluminum alloys is the high tendency to the formation of hot tears in the solidification process. By using semi-solid metal (SSM) processing, the hot tearing tendency of alloys can be minimized during casting. In the present research, the semi-solid slurry of wrought aluminum alloy 2024 was firstly prepared with a novel self-inoculation method (SIM), and then the microstructure characteristics of the semi-solid slurry and the rheo-diecastings cast with the semi-solid slurry were investigated. The results indicate that finer and more uniform globular primary α-Al particles can be obtained when the semi-solid slurry are isothermally held for a short period within the semi-solid temperature range, and the primary α-Al particles without entrapped liquid are uniformly fine, globular grains in the rheo-diecastings. The holding temperature and time affect the solid fraction, particle size, and shape factor. After the semi-solid slurry is held at 625 ℃ for 3 min and 5 min, the optimal values for the average equivalent diameter are 70.80 μm and 74.15 μm, and for the shape factor are 1.32 and 1.42, respectively. The solidification process of the rheo-diecastings is composed of the following two distinct stages: primary solidification process and secondary solidification process. The secondary solidification process consists further of the following three stages: (1) direct growth of secondary primary (α2) phase from the surface of the primary α-Al phase particles without re-nucleation, (2) independent nucleation and growth of α3 phase from the residual liquid, and (3) eutectic reaction at the end.