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A piston lattice structure design method based on reliability topology optimization is proposed for the lightweight design of internal combustion engine pistons, which is decomposed into two parts of reliability analysis and deterministic topology optimization to be solved separately. A mathematical model for the reliability topology optimization of the piston lattice structure was established considering the minimized mass as the objective function and the maximum stress as the constraint. The failure probability constraint was transformed into a reliability index constraint according to the first second-order moment method, and then the random variables were transformed into standard normal variables, and the random variables were corrected and designed for deterministic topology optimization according to the sensitivity information of the random variables relative to the performance index. Finally, a comparative study of deterministic lattice design and reliable lattice design was conducted with a certain type of engine piston as an example. The results show that compared with the deterministic design, the reliability piston lattice model has more reliable performance when considering the influence of random variables. And the mass of lattice model is reduced by 11.8% compared with the original piston model, which meets the design requirement of piston lightweighting.

In the milieu of modern food consumption, public health is beleaguered by the prevalence of processed foods and a dearth of clear nutritional information, factors that are intimately linked to the surge of global health issues. Our exploration into the interplay between food labeling, dietary education, regulatory policies, and community interventions reveals a complex landscape where each element is critical to steering public health toward a more nutritious future. Through a synthesis of multi-disciplinary research and pragmatic case studies, we dissect the efficacy of current nutritional transparency practices and propose a suite of actionable strategies aimed at catalyzing improvement. We argue for the necessity of a robust, unified approach where policy reform, comprehensive education, and grassroots empowerment converge to enact substantive change. This article posits that such a collaborative and systemic endeavor is not merely beneficial but imperative for engendering informed dietary choices, mitigating the tide of nutrition-related diseases, and ultimately sculpting a framework for sustained public health advancement. Our findings illuminate the potential for significant public health outcomes through concerted action and suggest that the path to a healthier society is paved by the collective efforts of policymakers, educators, and community advocates working in tandem to combat the complexities of the contemporary food environment.

This paper summarizes the results of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) intervention in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) treatment from the immune reconstruction. The role of TCM in intervening in AIDS immune reconstruction, improving the symptoms of HIV/AIDS patients, improving the quality of life of patients, and alleviating the suffering of patients were thoroughly analyzed. Specifically, this paper uses a retrospective analysis method to divide 187 AIDS patients into a simple western medicine group and a combined Chinese and western medicine group according to whether the treatment plan is combined with TCM. The medical records of the patients in the included group were classified and analyzed based on the follow-up points before treatment, 12, 24, and 36 months after treatment, to observe the change in total symptom score, CD4+ lymphocyte count, and the Karnofsky score. The results demonstrate that the total symptom scores in the western medicine group after treatment were lower than those before treatment, and the decrease in the 12th and 24th months was statistically significant compared with that before treatment (P < 0.05), while the decrease in the 36th month was lower than that before treatment with no statistical significance (P > 0.05). Compared with those before treatment, the total symptom scores in the combined group were significantly lower at each follow-up point (P value < 0.05), and the decrease at the 24th and 36th months was more significant than that in the western medicine group at the same period (P < 0.05). In addition, the CD4+ counts at each follow-up point in the two groups were significantly increased compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05), and the increase in the combined group at the 36th month was significantly more significant than that in the western medicine group at the same period (P < 0.05). Moreover, the Karnofsky score of the western medicine group decreased compared with those before treatment except for the 12th month, and there was no significant difference at each time point (P > 0.05). On the other hand, the scores for the combined group increased after treatment compared with before treatment. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05) except for the 12th month, and the difference presented in the 24th and 36th months, contrasting with the western medicine group at the same period, were significant Statistically significant (P < 0.05). We concluded that: 1. Western medicine treatment and combined treatment of traditional Chinese and Western medicine can improve the symptoms score of patients, promote the growth of CD4+ lymphocytes, and mediate immune reconstruction. The long-term curative effect of combining traditional Chinese and western medicine is more effective, durable and stable. 2. Combined use of traditional Chinese and Western medicine effectively relieves patients’ pain and improves their quality of life. 3. Long-term application of traditional Chinese medicine combined with HARRT has an effectively synergistic effect and promotes the treatment of AIDS patients.

By explaining the organizational composition and policy provisions of vocational education integration in Huanggang City, the form and practical process of vocational education integration in Huanggang City are described in the form of a textual compendium in the context of the optimization of the economic structure of Huanggang City, thus analyzing the significance of vocational education integration for the improvement of the comprehensive education level of the region, the progress of the regional education ecology and the continuation of education for school-age students in the area. It concludes by making feasible suggestions and measures on the current education situation in Huanggang City, especially on the optimal integration of vocational education, to promote the economic restructuring and accelerated transformation of Huanggang City while making it a branded and unique project.

Data prediction and imputation are important parts of marine animal movement trajectory analysis as they can help researchers understand animal movement patterns and address missing data issues. Compared with traditional methods, deep learning methods can usually provide enhanced pattern extraction capabilities, but their applications in marine data analysis are still limited. In this research, we propose a composite deep learning model to improve the accuracy of marine animal trajectory prediction and imputation. The model extracts patterns from the trajectories with an encoder network and reconstructs the trajectories using these patterns with a decoder network. We use attention mechanisms to highlight certain extracted patterns as well for the decoder. We also feed these patterns into a second decoder for prediction and imputation. Therefore, our approach is a coupling of unsupervised learning with the encoder and the first decoder and supervised learning with the encoder and the second decoder. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach can reduce errors by at least 10% on average comparing with other methods.

Synthetic data, complementary with real-world datasets, have shown their effectiveness for autonomous driving in urban scenarios. However, for specific and complex environments, such as surface mines, which often involve extreme weather and corner cases, synthetic datasets are notably scarce. In this article, PMScenes, the first synthetic dataset for autonomous driving in surface mines, is built upon the previously public AutoMine dataset. It extends the available data by constructing corner case scenarios, such as unusual intrusions; collisions; and extreme weather scenarios including rain, blizzards, fog, and dust storms—situations that would bring significant safety risks and are hard to capture in the real world. Our article explores the enhancement methods for synthetic to real for perception tasks of autonomous driving under different challenging scenarios. The outcomes demonstrate that PMScenes significantly enhances the performance across a variety of perception tasks compared with the results obtained when training only with real-world datasets. PMScenes is released at https://github.com/PMScenes/PMScenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite observer based finite time control of nonlinear systems in case of multiple disturbances is studied in this article, wherein the disturbances contain two parts, the first type is the harmonic disturbance with modeling errors, and all other disturbances are classified as the second type, known as lumped disturbances. To give estimation of the harmonic disturbance and the lumped disturbances, a disturbance observer (DO) and the extended state observer are constructed, respectively. On this basis, a finite‐time elegant anti‐disturbance controller is presented by combing DO‐based control, active disturbance rejection control, backstepping technique and the finite time command filter method. Eventually, it is proved that the design method put forward in this article is correct and feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to analyse the global prevalence and disability trends of heart failure (HF) from 1990 to 2019, considering both sexes and country‐specific economic strata. Methods: This study conducted a secondary analysis employing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. The analysis is stratified by sex and Socio‐demographic Index (SDI) levels. Through age‐period‐cohort and Joinpoint regression analyses, we investigated the temporal trends in HF prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) during this period. Results: Between 1990 and 2019, the global prevalence of HF surged by 106.3% (95% uncertainty interval: 99.3% to 114.3%), reaching 56.2 million cases in 2019. While all‐age prevalence and YLDs increased over the 30 year span, age‐standardized rates decreased by 2019. Countries with higher SDI experienced a more pronounced percentage decrease compared with those with lower SDI. Longitudinal analysis revealed an overall improvement in both prevalence and YLDs for HF, albeit with notable disparities between SDI quintiles and sexes. Ischaemic heart disease and hypertensive heart disease emerged as the most rapidly increasing and primarily contributing causes of HF, albeit with variations observed across different countries. The average annual percentage change for prevalence and YLDs over the period was −0.26% and −0.25%, respectively. Conclusions: This study offers valuable insights into the global burden of HF, considering factors such as population aging, regional disparities, sex differences and aetiological variations. The findings hold significant implications for healthcare planning and resource allocation. Continued assessment of these trends and innovative strategies for HF prevention and management are crucial for addressing this pressing global health concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]