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To understand the latent categories of perceived stress in colorectal cancer patients and analyze the characteristics of different categories of patients.

The disseminating of academic knowledge to nonacademic audiences partly relies on the transition of subsequent citing papers. This study aims to investigate direct and indirect impact on technology and policy originating from transformative research based on ego citation network.

BackgroundIn China， the structure shift from just one-child family to both one-child and more-than-one-child families is happening. Exploring how the sibling relationships effect between adolescent personality impulsivity and aggressivity is of great significance for promoting adolescent mental health as well as maintaining social harmony and stability.ObjectiveTo investigate the effecting path of sibling relationships between personality impulsivity and aggressivity in adolescents， so as to provide references for the prevention of violent and aggressive behavior in adolescents.MethodsFrom February to April， 2023， a total of 1 200 students with sibling relationships from 12 primary and secondary schools in a county of Sichuan province were included by random sampling. Barratt Impulsivity Scale （BIS-11）， Chinese Version of Buss & Perry Aggression Questionnaire （AQ-CV）， and Sibling Relationship Questionnaire （SRQ） were used for cross-sectional investigation. Pearson Correlation Analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the scores of these scales. Bootstrap method was used to test the effecting path of sibling relationships between personality impulsivity and aggressivity.ResultsThe total score of BIS-11 was positively correlated with that of AQ-CV as well as the scores of conflict and competition dimensions in SRQ （r=0.485、0.276、0.280，P

The presence of karst formations significantly impacts the load-bearing capacity of pile foundations in karst geological environments, posing a challenge to their design. This study investigated the bearing characteristics of karst pile foundations using the physical model test and numerical analysis. First, the influence of cave height and span on the bearing capacity of pile foundations is examined using model tests. The results demonstrate that the height of karst caves greatly affects the bearing capacity of karst pile foundations. Subsequently, numerical analysis further explores the bearing characteristics of these foundations. It reveals that as the top load on pile increases, an arch-shaped tensile damage zone forms at the top of karst cave and gradually expands. The rock failure in this area leads to a decrease in adhesion between rock strata and pile foundation, consequently reducing its load-bearing capacity. Finally, experimental results are compared with numerical results to validate consistency and mutual verifiability between physical model tests and numerical analyses. The outcomes of the research provide valuable insights for designing rock-socketed pile foundations in similar karst areas.

ABSTRACTThe ever-growing use of nature-derived materials creates exciting opportunities for novel development in various therapeutic biomedical applications. Living cells, serving as the foundation of nanoarchitectonics, exhibit remarkable capabilities that enable the development of bioinspired and biomimetic systems, which will be explored in this review. To understand the foundation of this development, we first revisited the anatomy of cells to explore the characteristics of the building blocks of life that is relevant. Interestingly, animal cells have amazing capabilities due to the inherent functionalities in each specialized cell type. Notably, the versatility of cell membranes allows red blood cells and neutrophils’ membranes to cloak inorganic nanoparticles that would naturally be eliminated by the immune system. This underscores how cell membranes facilitate interactions with the surroundings through recognition, targeting, signalling, exchange, and cargo attachment. The functionality of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles can be tailored and improved by strategically engineering the membrane, selecting from a variety of cell membranes with known distinct inherent properties. On the other hand, plant cells exhibit remarkable capabilities for synthesizing various nanoparticles. They play a role in the synthesis of metal, carbon-based, and polymer nanoparticles, used for applications such as antimicrobials or antioxidants. One of the versatile components in plant cells is found in the photosynthetic system, particularly the thylakoid, and the pigment chlorophyll. While there are challenges in consistently synthesizing these remarkable nanoparticles derived from nature, this exploration begins to unveil the endless possibilities in nanoarchitectonics research.

Wohlfahrtia magnifica is a species of fly that parasitizes Bactrian camels. The adult flies lay their larvae near the vulva of the camels, and these larvae develop and cause damage to the vaginal tissues, resulting in vaginal myiasis. Olfactory organs play an important role in the identification and location of host, foraging, mating and oviposition behavior of W. magnifica. Olfactory genes were identified by antennal transcriptome analysis. Twenty-four odor-binding proteins (OBPs) and two chemosensory proteins (CSPs) were identified in the antenna transcriptome of W. magnifica, and then the phylogenetic analysis of the olfactory genes of W. magnifica and other species was carried out. RTqPCR was used for the first time to analyze the expression profile of OBPs in the antenna tissues of the W. magnifica. In the tissue expression analysis of OBP genes, it was found that many of them showed obvious gender bias in antennae, indicating their different roles in identifying pheromones. These results will help to lay a foundation for the future research on the sense of smell of W. magnifica and help to better reveal the change of odor reception of W. magnifica and provide new ideas for the research on biological prevention and control of vaginal myiasis.

Drawing on the concept of organisation capital as an intangible asset perspective, we examine the relationship between organisation capital and Australia firms’ performance and its moderating effects during the last two crisis periods, i.e., Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and COVID-19. We find that higher investment in organisation capital will result in lower drops in firm’s performance. Long-term investment in organization capital would help to improve firm’s performance and mitigate the drops in performance in crisis. A resilience picture through organisation capital is pictured.

C22H22N2O9, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.7374(3) Å, b = 29.1082(11) Å, c = 8.7595(3) Å, β = 96.853(3)∘$96.853{(3)}^{\circ }$, V = 1958.74(13) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0520, wRref (F2) = 0.1501, T = 100 K.

The transformative impact of AI technologies on the financial sector has been a topic of increasing interest. This study investigates ChatGPT’s applications in financial reasoning and analysis and evaluates ChatGPT-4o’s effectiveness and limitations in conducting both basic and complex financial analysis tasks. By designing a series of multi-step, advanced reasoning tasks and establishing task-specific evaluation metrics, we assessed ChatGPT-4o’s performance compared to human analysts. Results indicate that while ChatGPT-4o demonstrates proficiency in basic and some complex financial tasks, it struggles with deep analytical and critical thinking tasks, especially in specialized finance areas. This study underscores the need for meticulous task formulation and robust evaluation in AI financial applications. While ChatGPT enhances efficiency, integrating it with human expertise is crucial for effective decision-making. Our findings highlight both the potential and limitations of ChatGPT-4o in financial analysis, providing valuable insights for future AI integration in the finance sector.

BackgroundEvidence supports the use of hand-based metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) blocking splints as an intervention for trigger finger (TF). In practice, finger-based relative motion (RM) splints are also implemented without evidence.PurposeThis randomized comparative trial (RCT) aims to evaluate implementation of MCPJ blocking and RM splints for effectiveness, function, occupational performance and wearability after 6 weeks of TF management.Methods and analysisPriori analysis determined 36 individuals were needed for random assignment to the RM or MCPJ blocking splint groups. Individuals must be aged ≥21 years, and diagnosed with TF involving ≥1 finger. For blinding purposes, the primary author screens for eligibility, fabricates the splints and educates. Therapist A administers the primary outcome measures Week-1 and Week-6-stage of stenosing tenosynovitis and secondary outcome measures- number of triggering events in 10 active fists, visual analog scales (VAS) for pain, splint comfort and satisfaction, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Therapist B in Week-3 instructs participants in deep tissue massage and administers splint wearability VASs. The RM pencil test is used to determine the affected finger(s) MCPJ splint position i.e., more extension or flexion based on participant response. The MCPJ blocking splint holds the MCPJ in a neutral position. Analysis involves a mixed-effects ANOVA to compare Week-1 and Week-6 primary and secondary outcomes.ResultsRecruitment and data collection are ongoing.DiscussionBiomechanically RM splints control tendon excursion and reduce passive tendon tension while allowing unencumbered finger motion and hand function. Hence clinicians use RM splints as an intervention for TF, despite the lack of implementation evidence. This RCT implements a function-focused as well as patient-centered approach with partial blinding of assessors and participants.ConclusionWe anticipate that this study will provide evidence for the implementation of RM splints to manage adults with TF.Trial registrationClinical trial registration This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05763017).

Primary malignant melanoma of the parotid gland (PGMM) is extremely rare, with a poor prognosis. Surgery is the main treatment option followed by adjuvant treatments such as radiotherapy, but which adjuvant treatment to be optimal is still controversial. In this case, a 63-year-old male PGMM patient was first misdiagnosed as a “myoepithelial tumor” and then treated with surgery, postoperative immunotherapy (sintilimab), chemotherapy, and radiotherapy successfully. The progression free survival was more than 19 months without signs of metastasis or recurrence to date. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of postoperative immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy for PGMM. Our case indicated that combination therapy including surgery, adjuvant immunotherapy (sintilimab) combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be a potential treatment option for PGMM, which needs further research.

Laryngeal masks are widely used by anesthesiologists in clinical practice because of their advantages of no tracheal injury, minimal airway stimulation, limited airway tissue invasion, and easy implantation and airway establishment. We herein describe a patient with congenital heart disease who developed unilateral sublingual nerve paralysis after application of a laryngeal mask airway. The patient reported perioral numbness and exhibited unclear speech and slight right deviation of the tip of the tongue after surgery. On physical examination, the patient had normal muscle strength, symmetrical frontal lines, normal occlusion, and a normal nasolabial groove. We performed head computed tomography and computed tomography angiography to rule out cerebrovascular disease, and no abnormalities were found. The patient’s imaging findings and clinical symptoms suggested unilateral right sublingual nerve palsy. After active treatment, the patient’s symptoms improved by 75% on the third postoperative day and by 90% on the fifth postoperative day. Despite the extremely low incidence of sublingual nerve palsy after application of a laryngeal mask airway, anesthesiologists should be aware of this complication. Although the nerve palsy can resolve spontaneously, the nerve damage may be permanent.

Gallbladder volvulus is a rare entity. It has been attributed to an elongated gallbladder mesentery, predisposing the gallbladder to twisting, obstructing the cystic duct and vessels, thus leading to ischemia and gangrene. Preoperative diagnosis can be elusive, but radiological features across multiple modalities have been described in the literature. We report a case of gallbladder volvulus in which the gallbladder appeared to be left-sided based on imaging, and present the radiological findings in keeping with a volvulus. Unlike cholecystitis, the treatment for volvulus is prompt detorsion and cholecystectomy; thus, accurate and timely diagnosis is paramount.

Background Singapore General Hospital (SGH) Pharmacy department set up a novel 24-h medication locker service in November 2019 to serve hospital staff on work shifts who were unable to collect medication within the pharmacy operating hours. However, the initial uptake rate was modest. Objectives Primary objective was to increase the daily locker service uptake by staff from five lockers to 42 lockers (100%) in 6 months, starting from June 2020. Secondary objectives include exploring the cost savings and impact of the locker service on the pharmacy’s operational efficiency, as well as compare the medication collection experience of hospital staff using the locker service and in the pharmacy. Methods FOCUS-PDSA was the adopted QI methodology. Two Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles were used to implement the final identified solutions. PDSA cycle one focused on improving publicity and educational efforts. PDSA cycle two then focused on expanding the service to include the entire hospital campus staff and setting up a self-registration booth at the pharmacy entrance. Results The primary objective of achieving 100% locker utilization was attained in October 2020, with daily average service uptake rate increasing from 12.6 at baseline to 49.8 by the end of PDSA cycle 2. Annual pharmacist manpower savings of 0.88 Full Time Equivalent (FTE) was also achieved. Locker service users gave a higher average satisfaction score compared to those who collected from the pharmacy. Conclusion Project SAPPORO successfully increased the daily locker service, providing hospital campus staff with increased convenience and positive medication collection experience during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The effects of 60Co γ-ray irradition (absorbed dose: 0 kGy, 5 kGy, 15 kGy, 20 kGy, 30 kGy, and 50 kGy) on the pH, solubility, free amino acid content, and structural characteristics of Procambarus clarkii byproducts were studied. The results showed that irradiation reduced the pH value of the byproducts of the Procambarus clarkii, namely, the pH value decreased from 7.93 to 7.22. With increasing absorbed dose and water content, the solubility of the byproducts of Procambarus clarkii increased, with the highest solubility reaching 35.71% and the lowest being 16.23% in each treated sample. Irradiation could increase the content of free amino acids in the byproducts of Procambarus clarkii, and when the absorbed dose was 50 kGy, the content of free amino acids reached 34.66%. Through UV and infrared scanning revealed that the absorption characteristic absorption peaks of the byproducts did not show significant changes before and after irradiation, but the absorption intensity changed.

With regard to undrained analysis of saturated clay foundation for its ultimate bearing capacity under rapid loading, this study has proposed the calculation of the unconsolidated-undrained (UU) strength instead of employing the consolidated-undrained (CU) strength parameters directly due to overestimated results. The formula for predicting UU strength has been deducted based on the CU strength parameters referring to the reports of geological investigation, and the profile of the UU strength cu, found increases linearly with depth, has been built up. A calculation method for the bearing capacity of this foundation type is therefore proposed. The basic idea thereof is to use the value of cu at the average depth of the slip plane in the calculation, and a dimensionless parameter, which plays the key role, is introduced to determine the maximum depth of the slip surface. The accuracy and the precision of this parameter, as well as the proposed method, has been validated via a large number of comparative calculations with the finite element limit analysis method in this study

IntroductionEndophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants have proven to possess a high potential to produce structurally diverse metabolites, some of which are valuable for medicinal applications. In this study, Penicillium sp. YT2019-3321, an endophytic fungus derived from traditional Chinese medicine Lonicera japonica, was chemically studied.MethodsThe chemical structures of the isolated compounds were established by a correlative interpretation of HRESIMS and NMR spectroscopic data. The optical resolution of (±)-1 by chiral HPLC yielded individual enantiomers (+)-1 and (–)-1, and their stereochemistry were solved by X-ray diffraction crystallography, respectively.Results and discussionEight structurally diversified secondary metabolites, including two previously unreported polyketides, named (±)-chrysoalide B (1) and penicidone E (2), were isolated and identified from Penicillium sp. YT2019-3321. Compound 2 possessed the γ-pyridone nucleus, which is rarely found in natural products. Cytotoxic assay revealed that the new compound 2 demonstrated a dose-dependent cytotoxicity against the human pancreatic tumor cells PATU8988T with the IC50 value of 11.4 μM. Further studies indicated that 2 significantly induced apoptosis of PATU8988T cell lines, characterized by the morphologies abnormity, the reduction of cell number, the upregulation of proportion of apoptotic cells, and the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax. Our study demonstrates that fungal secondary metabolites may have important significance in the discovery of drug leads.

In recent years, there has been widespread concern regarding the carbon footprint (CF) of food waste due to the key impact of CF on climate change, particularly as China’s food waste is rising with its economic development. China has the largest scale of higher education in the world, and the amount of food waste in university canteens is considerable and cannot be ignored. This study attempts to assess the carbon footprint (CF) of food waste at Chinese universities for the first time based on a national survey. It is estimated that 1.55 million tons of food were wasted in Chinese university canteens in 2018, based on 9,192 samples covering 29 provinces in China. The associated CF was 2.51 Mt CO2eq. The top two food categories contributing to the total CF were meat and grains, accounting for 46.28% and 36.52%, respectively. Furthermore, the location of the university was significantly associated with the CF of plate waste. It also indicated that household income, meal satisfaction, sex, education, meal days, and food-saving campaigns were important factors influencing the CF of food waste. This study highlights areas that can help reduce the environmental impact of plate waste. It also provides targeted measures to reduce the associated CF of food waste in Chinese universities.

Based on the UMC 40 nm CMOS process, a programmable gain amplifier(PGA) with DC offset cancellation circuit(DCOC) is designed. The PGA adopts a closed-loop resistance negative feedback structure and consists of a cascade of two gain units. DCOC circuit is based on the traditional DC negative feedback structure, a nested feedback method is proposed to reduce the power consumption and area of DCOC circuit. The simulation results show that within the gain variation control range of 0～52 dB, the high pass cutoff frequency and the relative inhibition degree of DCOC are constant at 10 kHz and 50 dB,and the maximum correctable input misalignment at 0 dB is 110 mV. Compared with the traditional design method, the area of DCOC has been reduced by almost half.

Abstract Stack Overflow is a very popular programming question and answer community. Some questions become hot, and receive high views, which are of widespread concern to developers. Finding hot questions early can give priority to recommend potential hot questions to answers, thereby shortening the response time. Besides, the hot question prediction is also helpful for making advertising plan, planning advertising campaigns and estimating costs. Therefore, it is important to predict hot questions. The authors propose the VSAF method which analyses the View amount changes, Answer amount changes and Score changes soon after questions' creation based on Fully convolutional neural network. The performance of the VSAF method based on a training set and two different test sets has been evaluated. The training set has 1600 hot questions and 1600 cold questions. The random test set has 381 hot questions and 2819 cold questions, while the balanced test set has 400 hot questions and 400 cold questions. The experimental results show that using the balanced test set, VSAF achieves Accuracy, F1hot and F1cold of 80%, 77.77% and 81.81%, which outperforms the baseline approach by 25.59%, 21.52% and 29.04%, respectively. Using the random test set for evaluation, VSAF achieves Accuracy, F1hot and F1cold of 84.91%, 53.96% and 90.97%, which outperforms the baseline approach by 31.83%, 84.16% and 19.35%, respectively. The VSAF method significantly outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art approach on hot question prediction.

[Purpose/Significance] The number of citations received by patents is an important indicator to measure the influence of patents. Since the citation potential of patents varies greatly by disciplines and publication years, the number of citations received by patents needs to be normalized before cross-disciplinary comparison and cross-year comparison. [Method/Process] Based on ego patent citation network, we constructed a new method, NPCN, to normalize patent citations. Besides, we took patents granted from 2005 to 2010 of 3D printing indexed in Dimensions to verify the effective of NPCN. Specially, we divided these patents into different disciplines with Fields of Research (FoR) and compared the distribution of patent citations and NPCN of patents in different disciplines and publication years. Besides, we also selected the mean method、reference patents method、Z-score method and NPCN methods and compared them with each other in correlation with patent citations. [Results/Conclusions] Patents of 3D printing are categorized into 22 FoR. And it is different between patents in the number of citations. After normalized, the difference between patents in different disciplines and publication years is smaller and a normalized citation distribution is shown. In correlation with patent citations, NPCN is less correlated with patent citations than other normalized methods.

To study the immunomodulatory effect of jujube polysaccharide on mouse lymphocytes. Mouse lymphocytes were sterile separated， cell suspension was prepared， and the blank group， the positive group(levamisole) and the jujube polysaccharide group with different mass concentrations (final concentrations of 20， 40， 80， 160 and 320 living μg/ml) were designed. The effect of jujube polysaccharide on the proliferation of mouse lymphocytes was observed by MTT method. The effects of jujube polysaccharide on the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2)， interleukin-6 (IL-6)， interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) in the supernatant of mouse lymphocytes were observed by ELISA. The effect of jujube polysaccharide on the expression of IL-2， IL-6， IL-10 and IL-12 mRNA in mouse lymphocytes was detected by QRT-PCR. Jujube polysaccharide could promote the proliferation of mouse lymphocytes and the secretion of cytokines in the range of 20-320 μg/ml， which further promoted the expression of cytokines IL-2 and IL-6， as well as IL-10 and IL-12 mRNA.Conclusion: jujube polysaccharide enhances immune function by inducing lymphocyte proliferation and the secretion and mRNA expression of lymphocyte cytokines IL-2 and IL-6， as well as IL-10 and IL-12.

Objective Objective To investigate the differences of clinicopathological characteristics and CT features in different histology subtypes of invasive lung adenocarcinoma (ILA), and to find a noninvasive imaging method that can help to distinguish them. Methods A total of 422 patients confirmed with solitary ILA by surgical resection in our hospital from July 2013 to July 2019 were included. All patients were divided into group A (those with a lepidic/acinar/papillary predominant pattern) and group B (those with a solid/micropapillary predominant pattern) according to the main pathological growth pattern. Moreover, group A was divided into group A1 (those with a lepidic predominant pattern) and group A2 (those with an acinar / papillary predominant pattern). The clinicopathology and CT features between group A and group B as well as those between group A1 and group A2 were compared, respectively. Results 1Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics between group A and B: Gender and smoking history of patients, as well as histologic differentiation, lymph node metastasis status and pathologic TNM stage of tumors significantly differed between the two groups (all P < 0.05). Patients with male and smoking, tumors with poor histology differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and pathologic TNM stage of III-IV were more frequently seen in group B. However, no significant difference in the distant metastasis was observed between the two groups (P > 0.05). 2Comparison of CT features between group A and B: Lesion size, density, vascular convergence sign, air bronchogram, calcification, necrosis and pleural effusion were associated with the histological subtypes (all P < 0.05). Tumors in Group B were significantly larger than those in Group A. In addition, tumors with solid density, calcification, necrosis and pleural effusion were more frequently observed in Group B, whereas those with vascular convergence sign and air bronchogram were more common in Group A. However, no significant associations were found between other CT features and histological subtypes, including the distribution of tumors, air space, speculation, lobulation, and pleural retraction (all P > 0.05). 3Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics and CT features between group A1 and A2: Tumors with subsolid density were more common in Group A1, while those with solid density were more common in Group A2 (P < 0.001). However, no significant differences were found in other clinicopathological characteristics and CT features between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusion For clinicopathological characteristics, male, smoking, poor histology differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and pathologic TNM stage of III-IV were more common in patients with a solid/micropapillary predominant pattern. For CT features, tumors with large size, solid density, calcification, necrosis and pleural effusion were more common in patients with a solid/micropapillary predominant pattern, whereas those with vascular convergence sign and air bronchogram were more common in patients with a lepidic/acinar/papillary predominant pattern.

Providing an overview of types of citation curves.

Pheromones are an essential cue for species recognition and mate selection in many insects including the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Here the authors show that females with a short social experience of a new male learn preferences for novel pheromone blends, a preference which also occurs in their daughters.

From our monogenic diabetes registry set-up at a secondary-care diabetes center, we identified a nontrivial subpopulation (~15%) of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) among people with young-onset diabetes. In this report, we describe the diagnostic caveats, clinical features and long-term renal-trajectory of people with HNF1B mutations (HNF1B-MODY). Between 2013 and 2020, we received 267 referrals to evaluate MODY from endocrinologists in both public and private practice. Every participant was subjected to a previously reported structured evaluation process, high-throughput nucleotide sequencing and gene-dosage analysis. Out of 40 individuals with confirmed MODY, 4 (10%) had HNF1B-MODY (harboring either a HNF1B whole-gene deletion or duplication). Postsequencing follow-up biochemical and radiological evaluations revealed the known HNF1B-MODY associated systemic-features, such as transaminitis and structural renal-lesions. These anomalies could have been missed without prior knowledge of the nucleotide-sequencing results. Interestingly, preliminary longitudinal observation (up to 15 years) suggested possibly 2 distinct patterns of renal-deterioration (albuminuric vs. nonalbuminuric chronic kidney disease). Monogenic diabetes like HNF1B-MODY may be missed among young-onset diabetes in a resource-limited routine-care clinic. Collaboration with a MODY-evaluation center may fill the care-gap. The long-term renal-trajectories of HNF1B-MODY will require further studies by dedicated registries and international consortium.

Objective To establish a co-culture system to observe the interactions between mouse macrophage RAW264.7 and myoblast C2C12 cells. Methods RAW264.7 and C2C12 cell lines were co-cultured in a Transwell chamber containing conditioned medium for myogenic differentiation, and the changes in the cell morphology were observed under a phase-contrast microscope. On days 1, 3 and 5 of co-culture, the cell proliferation was assessed with CCK-8 assay, and the protein expressions of Myf5, MyoD, myogenin, iNOS and Arg-1 were detected using Western blotting; the concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-10 in the supernatant were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Co-culture with RAW264.7 cells obviously accelerated the myogenic differentiation and promoted the formation of multinucleated myotubes in C2C12 cells. Compared with the cells cultured alone, C2C12 cells in the co-culture system showed significantly inhibited protein expression of Myf5 (P < 0.05) and enhanced expressions of MyoD (P < 0.05) and myogenin (P < 0.01) on day 1, and inhibited expression of Myf5 (P < 0.01) and increased expression of MyoD (P < 0.01) on day 3; significantly lowered cell viability (P < 0.05) and Myf5 expression (P < 0.01) with increased area of myotubes (P < 0.01) were observed on day 5. The co-culture did not produce significant effect on the morphology of RAW264.7 cells, but caused significant inhibition of iNOS expression (P < 0.01) and IL-1β secretion (P < 0.05) and increased Arg-1 expression (P < 0.01) on day 1 of the co-culture; significantly lowered iNOS expression and IL-1β secretion (P < 0.01) and increased Arg-1 expression (P < 0.01) and IL-1β secretion (P < 0.01) occurred in RAW264.7 cells on day 3 of the co-culture, and on day 5, the cells showed more obvious clustering with significantly enhanced proliferation (P < 0.05), lowered iNOS expression and IL-1β secretion (P < 0.01), and increased secretion of IL-10 (P < 0.05). Conclusion Co-culturing C2C12 cells with RAW264.7 cells accelerates the myogenic differentiation of the former and promotes the proliferation and M2 polarization of the latter.

Abstract Background Thrombospondin type 1 domain containing 7A (THSD7A) was recently identified target autoantigen in membranous nephropathy (MN). However, patients with positive THSD7A expression were prone to have malignancies. THSD7A was found to be expressed in a variety of malignant tumors. In this study, we investigated the histologic expression of THSD7A in colorectal or breast cancers, as well as the relationship between THSD7A expression and proteinuria in the patients with cancers. Method A total of 101 patients were enrolled in the study, 81 of them had colorectal cancer and 20 had breast cancer. THSD7A expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining in tumor tissues. The clinical and laboratory parameters of these patients before their tumor resection were collected. Results Positive expression rates of THSD7A in the two types of tumor tissues were very high, 97.5% in colorectal cancer, and 100% in breast cancer. THSD7A expression was also detected in lymph nodes of two patients with lymph node metastasis. Total 11 patients (10.9%) had proteinuria before surgery. Among the 4 patients who had proteinuria and were followed up, the proteinuria of 3 patients disappeared after surgery. Conclusions The positive rate of THSD7A expression was very high in human colorectal cancer or breast cancer. It might be an important link between malignant tumors and kidney diseases.

Amyand hernia is a rare form of inguinal hernia wherein the appendix is in the hernial sac. Moreover, the incidence of Amyand hernia is reportedly three times higher in children than in adults. Here, we report a case of Amyand hernia in the right groin of a 55-year-old patient admitted to our hospital. We describe our approach to the diagnosis and treatment of Amyand hernia in this case. Altogether, we conclude that reasonable individualized diagnosis and treatment for Amyand hernia according to the patient's conditions is warranted in such cases.

Due to the scarcity of rock samples, the Hadean Era predating 4 billion years ago (Ga) poses challenges in understanding geological processes like subaerial weathering and plate tectonics that are critical for the evolution of life. The Jack Hills zircon from Western Australia, the primary Hadean samples available, offer valuable insights into magma sources and tectonic genesis through trace element signatures. However, a consensus on these signatures has not been reached. To address this, we developed a machine learning classifier capable of deciphering the geochemical fingerprints of zircon. This allowed us to identify the oldest detrital zircon originating from sedimentary-derived S-type granites. Our results indicate the presence of S-type granites as early as 4.24 Ga, persisting throughout the Hadean into the Archean. Examining global detrital zircon across Earths history reveals consistent supercontinent-like cycles from the present back to the Hadean. These findings suggest that a significant amount of Hadean continental crust was exposed, weathered into sediments, and incorporated into the magma sources of Jack Hills zircon. Only the early operation of both subaerial weathering and plate subduction can account for the prevalence of S-type granites we observe. Additionally, the periodic evolution of S-type granite proportions implies that subduction-driven tectonic cycles were active during the Hadean, at least around 4.2 Ga. The evidence thus points toward an early Earth resembling the modern Earth in terms of active tectonics and habitable surface conditions. This suggests the potential for life to originate in environments like warm ponds rather than extreme hydrothermal settings.

Microbial reproduction in air conditioning (AC) systems has caused increasing concern. When subject to airflow, microbes can be separated from substrates and spread into indoor air. This study investigated release of bacterial aerosols from AC systems with different service times in office buildings. Microbial aerosols were collected onto sterilized polycarbonate membranes using an air sampler. The concentration of total bacterial DNA was determined by 16S qPCR targeting universal bacterial genes. The most abundant genus was Lactobacillus before turning on the AC system. After turning on the AC system, the abundant genera were Pseudomonas and Agrobacterium with the service time of three and 12 years. When the AC system was put into use in the early stage, the microbial concentration after turning on the AC system was lower than that before turning on the AC system. However, after a long use of the AC system, the microbial concentration after turning on the AC system (7.50 × 103 copies/m3) was higher than that before turning on the AC system (3.77 × 103 copies/m3). The results show that the service time of AC system influences the community structure and content of indoor bacterial aerosols.

Three representative A-type rhyolitic rock samples from the Muráň Nappe of the inferred Silicic Unit of the Inner Western Carpathians (Slovakia) were dated using the high-precision SIMS U–Pb isotope technique on zircons. The geochronological data presented in this paper is the first in-situ isotopic dating of these volcanic rocks. Oscillatory zoned zircon crystals mostly revealed concordant Permian (Guadalupian) ages: 266.6 ± 2.4 Ma in Tisovec-Rejkovo (TIS-1), 263.3 ± 1.9 Ma in Telgárt-Gregová Hill (TEL-1) and 269.5 ± 1.8 Ma in Veľká Stožka-Dudlavka (SD-2) rhyolites. The results indicate that the formation of A-type rhyolites and their plutonic equivalents are connected to magmatic activity during the Permian extensional tectonics and most likely related to the Pangea supercontinent break-up.