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Pain and inflammation are associated with the pathophysiology of different clinical conditions. The Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl. capilliposide (LCc) is the main bioactive component of this Chinese medicinal herb, which is widely used as a remedy for the treatment of colds and arthritis. This study investigated the analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of LCc in an animal model. LCc had no significant influence on the spleen, lung, liver and stomach coefficients in mice. Pharmacological studies showed that LCc at all doses (40, 60 and 90 mg/kg) increased the latency period of paw licking induced by thermal stimulation, and at the dose of 40 mg/kg it significantly suppressed abdominal writhing episodes of mice induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of acetic acid. LCc also had antiinflammatory effect on inflammation models. Doses of 60 and 90 mg/kg suppressed paw edema induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of carrageenan. Mechanistic studies revealed that the antiinflammatory effect of LCc was associated with inhibition of the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in paw tissue of carrageenan-injected mice. These results show that LCc has analgesic and antiinflammatory effects in mice.

Age of first exposure (AoFE) is an important factor that influences the quality of L2 acquisition. This study aims to investigate the AoFE effect on the contextual learning of L2 novel words at the neural level, as measured by the N400 component from event-related potentials (ERPs). Eighty-eight participants were recruited for the experiment of L2 pseudoword learning, which includes a learning session and a testing session. The participants' EEG data were recorded from the testing session, and the N400 effect was derived from target words that were either congruous or incongruous with the context. The linear mixed model and multiple regression model revealed a positive AoFE effect on the N400 effect in discourses that were designed for testing retrieval of episodic and semantic memory even after accounting for the variance contributed by several confounding factors. In addition to AoFE, the effects of total L2 exposure, L2 proficiency and personality on the L2 novel word learning performance indicated by the N400 effect were also confirmed in the statistical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The very high‐cycle fatigue (VHCF) fractographies of high‐strength steel AISI 4340 with tensile strength ranging from 1285 to 2363 MPa fabricated by tempering were systematically observed and quantitatively analyzed. It is found that the fatigue crack initiation sites were gradually transferred from the specimen surface to the interior with increasing the tensile strength or decreasing the stress amplitude. Such phenomenon has become common rule in the high‐cycle fatigue (HCF) or VHCF regimes of high‐strength steels. Based on the fracture mechanics, a simplified transition mechanism for fatigue crack initiation sites is established in terms of the influence of applied stress amplitude and microstructure, which is beneficial to enhance our understanding on the variation of fatigue strength increasing the tensile strength. Highlights: The effects of tempering temperature on fatigue crack initiation are studied.The sites of fatigue crack initiation is counted, and influence mechanism is discussed.A model is proposed to explain the relationship between tensile and fatigue strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tensile and low-cycle fatigue tests of high-strength compacted graphite cast iron (CGI, RuT450) were carried out at 25 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C, respectively. The results show that with the increase in temperature, the tensile strength decreases slowly and then decreases rapidly. The fatigue life decreases, and the life reduction increases at high temperature and high strain amplitude. The oxide layer appears around the graphite and cracks at high temperature, and the dependence of crack propagation on ferrite gradually decreases. With the increase in strain amplitude, the initial cyclic stress of compacted graphite cast iron increases at three temperatures, and the cyclic hardening phenomenon is obvious. The fatigue life prediction method based on the energy method and damage mechanism for compacted graphite cast iron is summarized and proposed after comparing and analyzing a large amount of fatigue data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of gray cast iron (GCI) can be affected by numerous parameters due to its complex microstructures. To further understand the UTS of GCI, it is necessary to evaluate the impact of various parameters. Herein, a UTS prediction method based on microstructure features and machine learning (ML) algorithms is proposed. The six regression algorithms, namely, Bayesian Ridge, Linear Regression, Elastic Net Regression, Support Vector Regression, Gradient Boosting Regressor (GBR), and Random Forest Regressor are used to develop the prediction models. The predicted results show that the GBR has the best prediction performance for the predicted UTS and the error bands within 5%. The feature importance indicates that matrix hardness has the greatest effect on the UTS in the ML models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capilliposide B (CPS‐B), a novel oleanane triterpenoid saponin derived from Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl, is a potent anticancer agent. However, its anticancer mechanism remains elusive. In the present study, we demonstrated the potent anti‐tumor activity and molecular mechanism of CPS‐B both in vitro and in vivo. Proteomic analysis using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation techniques suggested that CPS‐B modulated autophagy in prostate cancer (PC). Moreover, Western blotting showed that both autophagy and epithelial–mesenchymal transition occurred place after CPS‐B treatment in vivo, which was also proven in PC‐3 cancer cells. We deduced that CPS‐B inhibited migration by inducing autophagy. We examined the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, and in downstream pathways, LKB1 and AMPK were activated while mTOR was inhibited. Transwell experiment results showed that CPS‐B inhibited the metastasis of PC‐3 cells and that this effect was significantly attenuated after pretreatment with chloroquine, indicating that CPS‐B inhibited metastasis via autophagy induction. Altogether, these data suggest that CPS‐B is a potential therapeutic agent for cancer treatment that acts by inhibiting migration through the ROS/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]