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Under the guidance of modernization theory and sustainable development theory, this paper constructs the evaluation system of agricultural modernization development level in Shanxi Province, evaluates the development level of agricultural modernization in Shanxi Province quantitatively by using entropy method, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of agricultural modernization development in Shanxi Province, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for improving the level of agricultural modernization in Shanxi Province.

Objective： To explore the relationship between functional properties of rice glutelin fibril aggregates （RGFAs） solution formed by different storage and heating time. Methods: The RGFAs samples were prepared by heating rice glutelin （RG） at 85 ℃ and pH 2.0 for 2~15 h, and stored at 4 ℃ for 1 day and 4 days, respectively. The surface hydrophobicity, emulsifying property, shear viscosity of RGFAs samples as well as the gelatinization characteristics and hydrolysis rate of the mixture of RGFAs and starch were measured. Results: After storage at 4 ℃ for 4 days, the emulsifying properties were significantly improved. The surface hydrophobicity of RGFAs solution formed by heat treatment for 2~10 h decreased significantly （P＜0.05）, while the surface hydrophobicity of RGFAs solution formed after 15 h of heat treatment did not change significantly （P＞0.05）, and the shear viscosity of 15 h-RGFAs solution decreased. The gelatinization temperature of the mixture of starch and 2 h-RGFAs stored for 1 day was the lowest （83.98±0.08） ℃, and the hydrolysis rate of the mixture of starch and RGFAs samples stored for 1 day was lower than that of other samples. Conclusion: The inhibition of wheat starch hydrolysis by RGFAs samples stored for 1 day was better than that by RGFAs samples stored for 4 days.

The Upper Cretaceous Taipinglinchang Formation is the key oil-gas exploration horizon in Sunwu-Jiayin Basin. Based on the detailed field observation and description, the sedimentology of section of Taipinglinchang Formation in the east of the basin is studied in this paper. The results show that the sedimentary facies developed in Taipinglinchang Formation include lacustrine facies and fan delta facies, which can be further divided into 3 sedimentary subfacies with 6 sedimentary microfacies. The petrology and organic geochemical characteristics of the shale in Taipinglinchang Formation are analyzed by various organic geochemical testing methods. The results indicate that the mineral composition of shale is mainly quartz, belonging to felsic shale. The maceral composition is dominated by sapropelinite, with oil-prone property. The source rocks are of medium-good quality, with the organic matter types of II1-II2, which are in the low mature-mature stage, suggesting a good hydrocarbon potential. The results may provide basic data for further research and oil-gas exploration in the basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development characteristics of sedimentary microfacies significantly affect the occurrence and exploitation of shale oil. Taking the cores from the upper part of 4th Member of Quantou Formation and lower part of 2nd-3rd members of Qingshankou Formation from SYY1 and SYY2 wells in Qijia-Gulong area of northern Songliao Basin as the research object, the paper studies the sedimentary microfacies through large-scale core observation and fine description based on core lithology, bedding structures, fossils, inclusions and electrical characteristics. It is concluded that lacustrine facies deposits are mainly developed in the cores of SYY1 and SYY2 wells, which can be divided into two sedimentary subfacies of shallow lake and semi-deep-deep lake, with five sedimentary microfacies including beach-bar sands in shallow lake, ostracoda beach, argillaceous shallow lake, semi-deep-deep lake mud and oil shale. The lower part of 1st Member of Qingshankou Formation is dominated by semi-deep-deep lake subfacies; while the upper part of 1st Member and lower part of 2nd-3rd members of Qingshankou Formation and upper part of 4th Member of Quantou Formation, by shallow lake subfacies. The latter three microfacies are all favorable to form shale oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Dopamine protects the duodenal mucosa. Here we have investigated the source of dopamine in gastric juice and the mechanism underlying the effects of luminal dopamine on duodenal bicarbonate secretion (DBS) in rodents.Experimental Approach: Immunofluorescence, UPLC-MS/MS, gastric incubation and perfusion were used to detect gastric-derived dopamine. Immunofluorescence and RT-PCR were used to examine the expression of dopamine receptors in the duodenal mucosa. Real-time pH titration and pHi measurement were performed to investigate DBS.Key Results: H+ -K+ -ATPase was co-localized with tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporters in gastric parietal cells. Dopamine was increased in in vivo gastric perfusate after intravenous infusion of histamine and in gastric mucosa incubated, in vitro, with bethanechol chloride or tyrosine. D2 receptors were the most abundant dopamine receptors in rat duodenum, mainly distributed on the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Luminal dopamine increased DBS in a concentration-dependent manner, an effect mimicked by a D2 receptor agonist quinpirole and inhibited by the D2 receptor antagonist L741,626, in vivo D2 receptor siRNA and in D2 receptor -/- mice. Dopamine and quinpirole raised the duodenal enterocyte pHi . Quinpirole-evoked DBS and PI3K/Akt activity were inhibited by calcium chelator BAPTA-AM or in D2 receptor-/- mice.Conclusion and Implications: Dopamine in the gastric juice is derived from parietal cells and is secreted along with gastric acid. On arrival in the duodenal lumen, dopamine increased DBS via an apical D2 receptor- and calcium-dependent pathway. Our data provide novel insights into the protective effects of dopamine on the duodenal mucosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite numerous years and avenues of investigation, the timing, evolution, and mechanism of lithospheric thinning of the North China Craton (NCC) are still highly debated. Late Triassic igneous rocks especially mantle derived mafic rocks could provide critical information related to the post-collisional lithospheric thinning of the Liaodong Peninsula in the eastern NCC. Using newly acquired geochronological data points, we determined that the intrusive rocks have emplacement ages of 219–209 Ma, which are typical of Late Triassic magmatism. The studied Qinghekou gabbros have low SiO2 (49.43–51.86 wt.%), Na2O+K2O (3.59–7.20 wt.%), high MgO (3.70–8.54 wt.%) and transition metal element contents, with Mg# values ranging from 49.2 to 69.3. While these samples are enriched in large ion lithophile elements such as Rb, Ba, and K and light rare earth elements, they are depleted in high field strength elements such as Nb, Ta, Ti, and P and heavy rare earth elements. We conclude that these gabbros samples were formed in a subduction-related tectonic setting, where the primary magmas were derived from partial melting of the lithospheric mantle that experienced metasomatism via slab-related fluids. Our Tongyuanpu granite samples have I-type granite affinity, as indicated by their high SiO2 (73.60–75.30 wt.%) and low MgO (0.08–0.32 wt.%) contents, as well as the A/CNK values of 0.99–1.25 and the zircon saturated temperature values of 757–832°C, the parental magmas for these granites were generated by partial melting of the lower crust. Combined with the spatio-temporal distribution and rock-assemblages of the Late Triassic intrusive rocks, we conclude that these rocks were formed in an extensional environment characterized by lithospheric thinning caused by lithospheric delamination after the collision between the NCC and the Yangtze Craton. Furthermore, we infer that the initial lithospheric thinning of the eastern NCC occurred during the Late Triassic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shale oil resources are abundant in the first member of Qingshankou Formation, Upper Cretaceous, in northern Songliao Basin. The previous exploration was targeted at shale fractures and interbedded thin sands and ostracod layers. Due to the limitation of distribution range of target layers, the shale oil exploration results have not been satisfactory. Focusing on the widely-developed shale reservoirs in the basin, the survey refreshes the geological understanding of shale oil in the shale reservoirs of continental basin, and forms the exploration technology system. The industrial oil flows of SYY1, SYY2 and SYY3 wells pumped after fracturing yield 3.22, 4.93 and 3.46 m³/d respectively, the flowing high-yield industrial oil run of 14.37 m³/d from SYY-1HF well and pumping oil run of 10.06 m³/d from SYY-2HF well after fracturing, achieving a major breakthrough in the strategic survey of shale oil in northern Songliao Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the shale from the first member of Qingshankou Formation in SYY-3 well of Sanzhao sag in Songliao Basin as an example, the paper studies the petrological characteristics, including sedimentary structure, organic matter abundance and mineral composition. The results show that the shale develops massive structure and laminated structure are, with TOC of 0.50%-6.82% (averagely 3.16%) and S1+S2 of 2.01x10-3-49.41x10-3 (averagely 23.02x10-3), generally belonging to good-best source rock. The mineral composition is mainly felsic mineral, followed by clay, with low content of carbonate and pyrite. Based on the petrological characteristics, the first member of Qingshankou Formation can be divided into 9 types of lithofacies by the classification criteria of organic matter abundance-sedimentary structure-mineral composition, among which the laminated felsic shale with high TOC has good hydrocarbon generation potential, serving as the most favorable lithofacies for shale oil exploration in Sanzhao sag. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are abundant shale oil resources in the first member of Qingshankou Formation in Qijia and Gulong sags of Songliao Basin. In the past, the shale oil resources were calculated mainly based on incomplete old core data with corrected pyrolysis Si or chloroform asphalt A as oil-bearing parameters. The accuracy of corrected parameters was affected by multiple factors including sample freshness, testing means and correction method, leading to certain limitations in the application of the above parameters. According to the latest development in shale oil exploration, the paper compares the applications of different oil-bearing parameters (pyrolysis S1; chloroform bitumen "A" and oil saturation) in shale oil resource calculation. The result shows that oil saturation can reflect the content of free oil and dissolved hydrocarbon, without considering the influence of adsorbed oil and correction of light hydrocarbon, heavy hydrocarbon and NSO compound. This parameter is more suitable for the calculation of shale oil resources under the condition of fresh sample test data. The plane distribution of effective shale thickness, TOC, organic maturity (Ro) and burial depth are determined on the basis of latest drilling results and test data of shale oil parameter well. The shale oil enrichment areas in the first member of Qingshankou Formation in Qijiahe and Gulong sags are 1957.23 km² and 4509.09 km² respectively by multifactor overlap method. Combined with the measured data of oil saturation, density and effective porosity logging interpretation data of sealed frozen samples, the resources of shale oil enriched areas in Qijia and Gulong sags are calculated as 19.79x108 and 27.29x108 respectively, indicating the matrix shale oil in the study area has a good exploration prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The foundational geological survey for oil and gas in Songliao Basin and its periphery area aims at exploration of new areas, new strata, new types and new fields to support the century-long production of Daqing Oilfield. Investigations focus on the shale oil of continental facies, small-middle basins in surroundings and Carboniferous-Permian and Meso-Neoproterozoic formations. Significant progress has been achieved as follows: Industrial oil flow is obtained from parameter wells for matrix type of continental facies oil, revealing great potential resources of continental shale oil in Songliao Basin; The LFD2 well in Fuxin Basin yields industrial oil flow, which breaks through the difficulties of exploration in small-middle basins and will supply alternative resources for the resource-exhausted city; Achievement is made from foundational geological survey on deep formation and unconventional oil-gas in Carboniferous-Permian and Meso-Neoproterozoic strata. A comprehensive survey on the whole basin with all subjects for multiple resources is suggested to meet the new requirement and circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shale oil exploration in China has entered a new field. As shale oil reservoir is much more complex than conventional reservoir, the improvement of imaging accuracy of shale oil reservoir is the key to shale oil seismic exploration. The wide-azimuth 3D seismic technique is widely used in seismic exploration currently as it can solve relatively difficult geological problems while providing high-quality seismic data. Taking the study area Y88 in Qijia-Gulong depression of Songliao Basin as an example, the paper conducts shale oil reservoir processing by wide-azimuth data, and analyzes the characteristics of wave field, signal-to-noise ratio and frequency. On this basis, the processing flow of wide-azimuth data is determined and the wide-azimuth and broadband high-resolution amplitude-preserving processing technique is adopted for better imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents geochronological, geochemical, and isotopic data relating to Devonian magmatic activity in the Jiefangyingzi area, northern margin of the North China Plate (NCP). LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the Erfendi granites formed in the Middle Devonian and yield a concordant weighted mean age of 384.7 ± 2.5 Ma. The zircons have negative εHf(t) values ranging from −5.8 to −31.3 and two‐stage Hf‐model ages of TDM2 = 1,735–3,217 Ma. 206Pb/238U ages of zircon grains from a quartz–schist sample in the Shaiwusu Formation vary from 410 to 322 Ma, with a peak at 380 Ma, indicating that magmatic activity peaked during the Late Devonian. The Erfendi granites are silica‐ and alkali‐rich and calcium‐ and magnesium‐poor. The Erfendi granites belong to peraluminous rocks and have clear negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.49–0.84); P, Ti, and Nb depletions; Nd, Zr, and U enrichments; and high Ga/Al ratios, similar to aluminous A‐type granites. This suggests the Erfendi granites were generated by partial melting of lower crustal rocks. Geochemically, the Erfendi granites are A2‐type granites, reflecting a post‐collision tectonic setting. The southward subduction of the Palaeo‐Asian Oceanic Plate during the Early Palaeozoic formed Bainaimiao volcanic arc at the northern NCP and Deyanqimiao island arc. The collision between the Deyanqimiao island arc and the Bainaimiao volcanic arc was recorded by the Xibiehe molasse deposition and the Badangshan volcanic rocks at the northern margin of the NCP during the Late Silurian to Early Devonian. As a consequence, the Jiefangyingzi area experienced intense post‐collision extensional magmatism during the Middle Devonian, which generated massive A2‐type granites at the northern margin of the NCP. This collision was also recorded by the back‐arc deposition of the Late Carboniferous Shaiwusu Formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Northeast (NE) China is characterized by large areas of Mesozoic and Paleozoic granitoids, whereas Cenozoic granitoids are scarce. This paper reports LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages and whole-rock geochemical data for late Paleocene-early Eocene granitoids from the Jiamusi Massif, NE China, in order to determine their petrogenesis and tectonic implications. Geochronological data indicate that the granodiorite and dioritic porphyry from the Wudingshan pluton formed at 51.5 ± 0.3 Ma and 56.3 ± 0.8 Ma, respectively. The biotite-quartz diorite, biotite granodiorite, and dioritic porphyry have high SiO2 (68.38-70.06 wt.%), Al2O3 (15.34-15.79 wt.%), and Na2O (3.96-4.49 wt.%) contents, low MgO contents (1.10-1.26 wt.%), A/CNK ratios of 0.99-1.11, and are classified as medium- to high-K calc-alkaline and weakly peraluminous I-type granitoids. They are enriched in LREEs and LILEs, and depleted in HFSEs, with Nb/Ta ratios of 10.4-15.0. Moreover, they have negative Nb-Ta-Ti anomalies, indicating that they were derived from continental crust. Combining with the previously published isotopic data and regional geological results, we suggest that the late Paleocene-early Eocene granitoids (56-52 Ma) were probably derived from partial melting of juvenile lower crust, and formed in an active continental margin setting, possibly related to subduction slab rollback of the Paleo-Pacific Plate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quartz diorite intrusions in the Jiefangyingzi area associated with deformed Palaeozoic rocks of the Palaeozoic Bainaimiao arc magmatic belt on the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC) were studied to determine their age, chemical composition, and isotopic characteristics. U–Pb dating of magmatic zircons indicates that the quartz diorites formed in Neoarchaean time between 2502.6 ± 9.1 Ma and 2551 ± 7.3 Ma. The quartz diorites have high Al2O3and low K2O contents, A/CNK = 0.75–0.97, and belong to the low-K tholeiitic series. The quartz diorites are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) with high (La/Yb)Nratios and exhibit weak positive or no Eu anomalies, characteristics of high-alumina tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) igneous rocks. ZirconεHf(t) value for the quartz diorites ranges from +1.6 to +8.7, and the two-stage Hf-depleted mantle model age (TDM) ranges from 2705 to 2744 Ma, suggesting that the quartz diorite was derived from melting juvenile Neoarchaean crust formed from partial melting of the mantle at 2.7 Ga. Amphibolite xenoliths have low REE concentrations and are moderately depleted in LREE with (La/Yb)Nratios of 0.46–1.09. The trace element characteristics of the amphibolites are consistent with a mid-ocean-ridge basalt (MORB)-like protolith. This is the first time that Archaean rocks have been identified in the Bainaimiao arc magmatic belt and the age and nature of Jiefangyingzi quartz diorites suggest that they belonged to the NCC. The Early Palaeozoic Bainaimiao arc thus appears to represent an Andean-type continental arc on the northern margin of the NCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]