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Abstract Morphology of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is potentially related to cardiovascular outcomes. However, this relationship still remains to be verified with direct evidence. We retrospectively reviewed cases from the autopsy specimen library in the Center of Forensic Medicine in Sun Yat-sen University from 2017 to 2023. Six RVOT morphological characteristics were measured and their association with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), sudden cardiac death (SCD) and age at death was evaluated. Relationship between myocardial fibrosis in RVOT and CVDs was investigated. RVOT characteristics were recruited by machine learning algorithms for diagnosing CVDs. A total of 2370 cases were finally recruited. Perimeter of sub-valve plane (pSBV) in RVOT was positively associated with risk of CVDs and SCD (OR: 1.21, 95%CI: 1.07–1.37, p = 0.003; OR: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.16–1.52, p

Spectroscopy is a technique that analyzes the interaction between matter and light as a function of wavelength. It is the most convenient method for obtaining qualitative and quantitative information about an unknown sample with reasonable accuracy. However, traditional spectroscopy is reliant on bulky and expensive spectrometers, while emerging applications of portable, low-cost and lightweight sensing and imaging necessitate the development of miniaturized spectrometers. In this study, we have developed a computational spectroscopy method that can provide single-shot operation, sub-nanometer spectral resolution, and direct materials characterization. This method is enabled by a metasurface integrated computational spectrometer and deep learning algorithms. The identification of critical parameters of optical cavities and chemical solutions is demonstrated through the application of the method, with an average spectral reconstruction accuracy of 0.4 nm and an actual measurement error of 0.32 nm. The mean square errors for the characterization of cavity length and solution concentration are 0.53 % and 1.21 %, respectively. Consequently, computational spectroscopy can achieve the same level of spectral accuracy as traditional spectroscopy while providing convenient, rapid material characterization in a variety of scenarios.

Objective With the increasing demand of passengers for air quality and uniform air supply in metro train interiors, it is necessary to study how to improve the uniformity of cleanable air supply in metro vehicles. Method The airflow organization inside the air supply ducts is simulated numerically by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The internal structure of the ducts is optimized, and a set of full-size air supply duct is fabricated for air-conditioning and duct matching tests. Result & Conclusion The overall variation trend of the airflow quantities predicted by numerical simulation is consistent with that of the experimental-measurement results. After adding baffle, the uniformity of air supply significantly improved, with deviations between predicted and test airflow quantities at over 80% outlets within 15%, and the rest between 15% and 20%. Additionally, the issue of air reversal at outlets adjacent to the inlets is alleviated, thereby validating the reliability of the numerical simulation calculations.

Abstract Objective In this study, we investigated the relationship between sarcopenia and fatty liver in middle-aged and elderly patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to provide a theoretical foundation for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Methods A total of 282 patients diagnosed with T2DM aged 50 and older and were admitted to the Endocrinology Department of Xin Medical University First Affiliated Hospital between December 2021 and February 2023, were selected. Body mass index (BMI), and limb and trunk muscle mass of the patients were measured, and data were collected. Patients were grouped based on the sarcopenia diagnostic criteria. All study participants underwent the same physical examinations and laboratory tests. The relationship between the onset of sarcopenia and fatty liver in middle-aged and elderly patients diagnosed with T2DM was then investigated using statistical analysis. Results Comparing the sarcopenia group to the non-sarcopenia group revealed statistically significant variations in gender, BMI, fatty liver prevalence rate, uric acid (UA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood glucose, blood lipid associated indicators, and limb skeletal muscle content. There were, however, no statistically significant differences in age, disease duration, hypertension, smoking, or alcohol intake. There was a positive correlation between BMI, UA, fasting c-peptide, and Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Index (ASMI). Higher levels of BMI, ASMI, and UA were identified as protective variables against sarcopenia by multifactorial logistic regression analysis. Conclusion Higher levels of BMI, ASMI, and UA can greatly reduce skeletal muscle atrophy in patients with T2DM. Patients with a fatty liver may be less vulnerable to sarcopenia. There is little evidence, however, that a fatty liver works as a preventive factor against sarcopenia.

Here, we introduce a partitioned design method that is oriented toward airgap harmonic for permanent magnet vernier (PMV) motors. The method proposes the utilization of airgap flux harmonics as an effective bridge between the torque design region and the torque performances. To illustrate the efficacy of this method, a partitioned design PMV motor is presented and compared with the initial design. Firstly, the torque design region of the rotor is artfully divided into the torque enhancement region and ripple reduction region. Meanwhile, the main harmonics that generate output torque are chosen and enhanced, optimization. Moreover, the harmonics that generate torque ripple are selected and reduced based on torque harmonics optimization. Finally, the functions of the partitioned PMV motor torque are assessed based on the finite element method. By the purposeful design of these two regions, the output torque is strengthened while torque ripple is inhibited effectively, verifying the effectiveness and reasonability of the proposed design method.

Dolomite formation is a crucial aspect of natural gas reservoirs in the marine strata of the Sichuan Basin, particularly in the exploration of deep carbonate reserved oil and gas resources. Understanding the genetic mechanism of dolomite is essential for predicting the distribution of favorable dolomite reservoirs in deep formations. Taking the third member of the Maokou Formation in the southeastern Sichuan Basin as an example, present work systematically investigates the genetic mechanism of dolomite by analyzing geochemical characteristics such as carbon and oxygen isotopes, strontium isotopes and rare earth elements. The analysis is based on data from outcrops, core samples and thin sections. The results reveal that the dolomites of the third member of the Maokou Formation in the southeastern Sichuan Basin can be categorized into laminated fine-crystalline dolomite, laminated fine to medium-crystalline dolomite, and saddle dolomite cement. Among these, the laminated fine to medium-crystalline dolomite is the most common type. The δ18O values of this dolomite type (-7.04‰ to -6.08‰) appeared unaffected by hydrothermal fluids, and are similar to those of mud-crystal limestone. Additionally, the 87Sr/86Sr ratio (0.707 550 to 0.707 740) locate within the range of contemporaneous seawater, indicating a diagenesis process of quasi-syngenetic to burial-induced restricted marine water infiltration dolomitization. The δ18O values of hydrothermally influenced dolomite range from -7.33‰ to -7.11‰, showing slightly negative compared to those of mud-crystal limestone. These dolomites also showed relatively higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.707 950 to 0.708 171) than those of contemporaneous seawater. The laminated fine-crystalline dolomite, which was not affected by hydrothermal fluids, shares a common genetic mechanism with the previously mentioned laminated fine to medium-crystalline dolomite. Saddle dolomite cement found in caves and fractures is either directly precipitated or recrystallized from hydrothermal fluids. This type of dolomite is characterized by higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios (with a mean value of 0.707 970), significantly negative δ18O values (with a mean value of -7.32‰), and positive Eu anomalies. A gradient change from laminated fine-crystalline dolomite to laminated fine to medium-crystalline dolomite and finally to saddle dolomite cement is observed, controlled by a transition from marine water to hydrothermal fluids. The dolomite in the study area is proposed to be the product of multi-stage fluid-induced diagenesis.

Abstract β-Cell dysfunction and β-cell loss are hallmarks of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we found that trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) at a similar concentration to that found in diabetes could directly decrease glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in MIN6 cells and primary islets from mice or humans. Elevation of TMAO levels impairs GSIS, β-cell proportion, and glucose tolerance in male C57BL/6 J mice. TMAO inhibits calcium transients through NLRP3 inflammasome-related cytokines and induced Serca2 loss, and a Serca2 agonist reversed the effect of TMAO on β-cell function in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, long-term TMAO exposure promotes β-cell ER stress, dedifferentiation, and apoptosis and inhibits β-cell transcriptional identity. Inhibition of TMAO production improves β-cell GSIS, β-cell proportion, and glucose tolerance in both male db/db and choline diet-fed mice. These observations identify a role for TMAO in β-cell dysfunction and maintenance, and inhibition of TMAO could be an approach for the treatment of T2D.

BackgroundHeat pipe cooled reactor (HPR) has many characteristics, such as reliability, inherent safety, small volume, modularity, and solid core. The nuclear fuel of solid core is seriously affected by high temperature, strong irradiation, and solid constraint when operating, which affect the heat transfer performance and mechanical properties of the core seriously. The stress and gap heat transfer caused by the contact between monolith and other components change nonlinearly with the increase of burnup, and they influence each other. Therefore, the coupled irradiation-thermal-mechanical behavior of the monolith is a complex multi-physics phenomena.PurposeThis study aims to develop a coupled irradiation-thermal-mechanical model to explore the characteristics of gap variation, heat transfer and mechanics during the lifetime of solid core.MethodsFirst of all, based on the geometric parameter and material of a typical solid core of HPR with fuel rod composed of UO2 pellets and 316 stainless steel cladding, a coupled irradiation-thermal-mechanical model was developed and applied to the finite element multi-physics field analysis software COMSOL. The calculation parameter settings mainly referred to the design parameters of the MegaPower reactor. Then, a thermal conductivity model changing with the increase of burnup for UO2, the gap heat transfer model and mechanical contact were introduced in the gaps in the solid core, and both irradiation-induced deformation effect including densification and fission product swelling, and creep effect of UO2 pellets and 316 stainless steel monolith were taken into account. Finally, the model was applied to calculating the typical HPR and the characteristics of gap variation, heat transfer and mechanics were analyzed.ResultsAnalysis results show that pellet temperature and creep of monolith and cladding increase after complete contact between monolith and cladding. A smaller average number of heat pipes around the fuel rod result in higher temperature and stress distribution in the nearby area, and the cladding in this area has a risk of creep failure during its lifetime caused by internal pressure of the fuel rod and contact pressure between the monolith and cladding.ConclusionsThe gap contact can affect the heat transfer and mechanical properties of the solid core of HPR, and even result in an increase in the risk of cladding failure.

In this paper, in order to further reduce torque ripple and improve power factor, a new vernier permanent magnet motor is proposed, in which the design concept of dual-winding hybrid-tooth configuration is incorporated. In order to clarify motor torque ripple and power factor, the winding-magnetomotive-force-based design and analysis method is proposed, in which harmonic characteristics are considered as key factors during the magnetic field modulation process. The relationship between harmonics generated by winding MMF, torque ripple, and power factor are investigated. In addition, the split-tooth vernier permanent magnet motor is also investigated as a referenced motor. Detailed comparisons between the DWHT-VPM motor and ST-VPM motor are carried out, including air gap magnetic field, torque, and power factor. Both theoretical and simulation results verify the reasonability of the proposed DWHT-VPM motor, and the effectiveness of the proposed winding-MMF-based analysis method, which provide a new potential research path for the design and analysis of flux modulation motors.

ObjectivesTo investigate and compare the associated factors of depression, anxiety, and other psychological differences between patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 quarantined in square cabin hospitals (SCH) and isolation wards (IW) in China.MethodsCluster sampling method was performed during Shanghai’s Two-Month Lockdown in 2022. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Depression subscale (HADS-D), 7-tiem Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) were used to investigate psychological differences.ResultsThe HADS-D and GAD-7 scores of SCH patients were significantly higher than those in IW (p < 0.001; p = 0.0295). Sleep latency (SCH-IW = -3.76, p < 0.001), sleep duration (SCH-IW = -2.22, p < 0.05), habitual sleep efficiency (SCH-IW = -4.11, p < 0.001), sleep disturbance (SCH-IW = -3.59, p < 0.001) and use of sleep medication (SCH-IW = -5.18, p < 0.001) of SCH patients were significantly worse. Depression was the main emotional problem of quarantined patients. Patients in SCH had lower social support. Sleep disorders and the lowest oxygen saturation ≤ 93% were risk factors for depression, while social support and child status were protective factors. Myalgia and constipation were risk factors for anxiety, while marital status was the protective factor.ConclusionPatients quarantined in SCH had higher risks of depression and anxiety, lower sleep quality and social support. Somatic discomfort and sleep disorders exacerbated depression and anxiety, which could be ameliorated by social support and taken into consideration in future SCH construction.

In recent years, some people with high intelligence and high quality have violated the law and even committed crimes, which has ruined their bright future. It is really sad. A school is a place where teenagers learn skills and improve their quality. It should be a pure land. The frequent occurrence of juvenile students’ crimes seriously affects the normal teaching order and endangers the safety of students’ lives and property. With the rapid development of support vector machines (Abbreviation: SVM), it has also become one of the main data fusion technologies. SVM is a creative machine learning method based on statistical learning theory. It is a learning method specialized in finite sample prediction. This paper studies the psychological characteristics of students’ crimes based on the SVM algorithm. From the aspect of proportion, the result of the SVM algorithm is ideal, and the proportion of the training set is up to 33.35%. The above algorithm has good expansibility for such sample data, but when the parameters are not appropriate, the proportion is only more than 20.12%, which once again explains the importance of the SVM algorithm. Only through the SVM algorithm to improve the efforts of the whole society, can we put an end to the generation of criminal psychology of higher vocational students from the source and cultivate more high-quality talents for the country.

In this paper, an asymmetrical multi-layer flux barriers permanent magnet (AMFB-PM) motor is proposed. The key of this study is to design the d-q-axis magnetic field reasonably. Firstly, the influence of d-axis inductance on the constant power speed range is analyzed. To optimize the constant power speed regulation performance, an asymmetric flux barrier is employed to adjust the saturation degree of the d-axis magnetic circuit under flux-weakening state. Additionally, the introduction of the asymmetrical flux barrier enables directional deflection of reluctance torque, thereby enhancing the output torque. The analysis results verify the effectiveness of the asymmetrical flux barrier design, which provide a wide speed regulation with constant power operation and high torque density for PM motors.

In this paper, a new hybrid permanent magnet variable leakage flux (VLF-HPM) motor is proposed. In order to enhance motor speed range, short arc-shaped and elliptical-shaped magnetic barriers are placed on the q-axis magnet circuit, realizing the so-called leakage flux effect. In addition, ferrite PMs are artfully designed, so self-leakage flux can be reduced while main flux is enhanced. The relationship among PM topology, flux barrier and flux-regulation capability are also investigated in detail. Finally, the electromagnetic performance of VLF-HPM motor is evaluated by the finite element analysis and compared with a conventional V-typed PM motor. It is noted that, compared with conventional V-typed PM motor, the VLF-HPM motor possesses lower core losses and a wider speed range, which offers a new research path for high-performance PM motor.

The use of mechatronic integrated equipment, such as servo feed drive systems, has become increasingly important in high-end manufacturing, aerospace, and semiconductor industries. However, while advancements in modeling and analysis have improved deterministic feed systems, there is a lack of research into uncertain motion accuracy due to random factors in actual working conditions. This paper aims to address this issue by analyzing the uncertainty of motion accuracy in single-axis feed drive systems. Random factors already impact both positioning accuracy and repeatability, while dynamic errors are reflected in the mean and variance of following errors. The study also considers the impact of disturbance uncertainty, parameter uncertainty, and model uncertainty on motion accuracy. To investigate the impact of these sources of uncertainty on a six-degree-of-freedom linear motor feed system, a simulation example using the Monte Carlo simulation algorithm was utilized. The analysis revealed that uncertainty indeed has an impact on motion accuracy. This research will help identify and improve random errors in servo feed systems, ultimately leading to the development of strategies for reducing motion accuracy uncertainty and enhancing the accuracy and reliability of feed systems in high-end manufacturing, aerospace, and semiconductor industries.

ABSTRACTDisruption of the cell cycle is a common strategy shared by many viruses to create a conducible cellular microenvironment for their efficient replication. We have previously shown that infection of cells with gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) activated the theataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) Rad3-related (ATR)/checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) pathway and induced cell cycle arrest in S and G2/M phases, partially through the interaction of nonstructural protein 13 (nsp13) with the p125 catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase delta (pol δ). In this study, we show, by GST pulldown, co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent staining, that IBV nsp12 directly interacts with the p50 regulatory subunit of pol δ in vitro and in cells overexpressing the two proteins as well as in cells infected with a recombinant IBV harbouring an HA-tagged nsp12. Furthermore, nsp12 from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 was also able to interact with p50. These interactions play a synergistic role with nsp13 in the induction of S phase arrest. The fact that subunits of an essential cellular DNA replication machinery physically associate with two core replication enzymes from three different coronaviruses highlights the importance of these associations in coronavirus replication and virus-host interaction, and reveals the potential of targeting these subunits for antiviral intervention.

Taking a pumped storage power station in the northwest cold and arid regions as an example, this paper summarizes the construction technology and method of wound vegetation restoration in the upper and lower reservoir connecting road project of pumped storage power station in the northwest cold and arid regions, as well as the system of measures including the selection of suitable plants, the design of soil covering engineering, the design of plant measures and the construction technology. The soil covering engineering and plant measures were designed according to different wound types. The soil preparation of the Yurian pit and the ridge outside the pit were constructed with planting bags, arbor and shrubs were planted inside the pit, Picea asperata Mast. was selected for arbor and Juniperus sabina L. for shrubs, and forest vegetation blanket was used on the upper slope with a gentle slope, and shrubs and grass seeds were mainly planted with Poa annua L., Stipa capillata L. and Artemisia frigida Willd. The above vegetation restoration measures were designed. It greatly reduces soil and water loss in the reservoir area, improves vegetation coverage in the reservoir area, and enriches plant diversity, making the wound surface of the upper and lower reservoir connecting road of pumped storage power station gradually restore to the natural environment plant community state before the destruction.

Regional cargo drones provide a more economical and efficient transportation mode for freight in remote areas,mountains,plateaus,islands and cities,and play an important role in emergency rescue and supplies at wartimes.In this paper the development of regional cargo drones is reviewed,the competitive advantages between regional cargo drones,human aircraft,and land traffics are compared,and the relatively safe running mode of cargo drones under the current technical status is discussed,which is“the pipeline flight of point to point”.Finally,key technologies of regional cargo drones are analyzed,including the technology of airworthiness,aircraft platforms,datalink,navigation and autonomous take-off and landing technology and so on.The application of regional cargo drones need to carry out systematic construction,pay close attention to operational risk,laws and regulations for UAVs,airspace management,flight management,airport facilities and other construction work,in addition of aircraft platforms.

Abstract Background The role of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in tumorigenesis are observed in several endocrine-related cancers. However, its role in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) has not been understood. In the current study, the relationship between HDL-c levels and malignant behavior in PNENs was explored. Methods One hundred ninety-seven patients with histopathology confirmed PNENs were included. PNENs were divided into three grades (G1, G2 and G3) as 2017 WHO classification based on ki67 index and mitosis count. The demographic data, clinical information, tumor morphological and pathological features (organs invasion, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion and perineural invasion), and serum tumor biomarkers were collected. The relationships between HDL-c levels and malignant behaviors in PNENs were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Models were also developed for the identification of high grade PNENs. Results The levels of serum HDL-c in G2/G3 tumor were significantly lower than that in G1 tumor (P = 0.031). However, no such difference was found between G3 and G1/G2. The proportions of low HDL-c (≤ 0.9 mmol/L) were higher in high-grade PNENs (G2/G3 or G3) than those in low-grade (G1 or G1/G2) (29.0 vs 15.2%, P = 0.032; 37.0 vs 20.5%, P = 0.023). The risk of G2/G3 tumors in patients with high serum HDL-c levels was decreased (odds ratio (OR) = 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.12–0.99). Similarly, the risk of G3 PNENs increased in patients with low HDL-c levels (OR = 2.51, 95%CI:1.12–5.60). HDL-c level was also associated with a high ki67 index (> 55%) (OR = 0.10, 95%CI: 0.02–0.51) and neuroendocrine carcinoma G3 (OR = 0.21, 95%CI: 0.06–0.80). The area under the curve (AUC) of HDL-c + tumor size + age was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.79–0.91) in identifying G2/G3 PNENs, and HDL-c (> 0.9 mmol/L) + tumor size + age had an AUC of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.70–0.84) in identifying G3 PNENs. HDL-c level was associated with lymph node metastasis (OR = 0.24, 95%CI:0.08–0.99). Conclusion Serum HDL-c levels were significantly associated with malignant behaviors in PNENs, in particular to tumor grade and lymph node metastasis.

Abstract This paper proposes a novel active power decoupling circuit (APDC) based on modified Buck converter to reduce the DC‐link voltage ripple of small capacitor motor drive systems. The APDC is placed between the Boost PFC circuit and the DC‐link, and has two energy flow paths, and the sum of the power decoupling capacitor and the DC‐link capacitor voltage equals to the output voltage of the Boost converter. With these configurations, the voltage of the decoupling capacitor can be precisely controlled to be the same as the AC component of the output voltage of the Boost converter, thereby effectively reducing the DC‐link voltage ripple. Another unique feature of the proposed APDC is that the inductor works in discontinuous current mode and only work for half of the time, which not only reduces the current stress of power switches, but also further improves the efficiency of the proposed APDC. Then, an instantaneous voltage control method is investigated to reduce the DC‐link voltage drop, which significantly improve the dynamic performance of the motor. The design guideline of key components is given in detail. The feasibility of the small capacitor motor drive system based on the proposed APDC is verified by experimental results.

【Objective】 The purpose of this paper is to study erosion-deposition of sediment, its influencing factors, as well as its critical hydraulic condition in channels in pumping irrigation districts. 【Method】 Hydraulic characteristics were tested at different sections during each irrigation even from 2010 to 2012 to analyze the gradation of sediment grains, concentration, source, as well as its spatiotemporal distribution. We calculated sediment carrying capacity at different discharge rates, which was used to determine the relationship between sediment carrying capacity and the measured sediment concentration under current situation and after the channels are improved. 【Result】 ①Sediment deposition in the channels was mainly caused by the bed load with grain sizes >75μm, formed from the suspended load and sediment deposition around the intake after the pump was stopped. ②Sediment deposition appeared at the outlet of the station in the upstream channels at the Dongfuqiao section, and the second summer irrigation caused serious sedimentation. ③Sediment carrying capacity of the current channels under discharge rate less than 30 m3/s was lower than sediment concentration, leading to sediment deposition in the whole channels. ④Combined with channel improvement, increasing the bed slope to 1/7 000 can increase sediment carrying capacity significantly. The non-silting critical discharge rate is 24 m3/s for the main canal under the multi-year average sediment concentration. 【Conclusion】 The critical hydraulic flow for channels scouring and silting balance is 24 m3/s, and it can be used by the authority of irrigation districts for management.

This paper proposes a V-shaped permanent magnet vernier (V-PMV) motor for potential applications in direct drive system. By designing suitable pole slot ratio and adopting the V-shaped PM topology and dummy slots in rotor, the flux leakage can be avoided effectively. Meanwhile, the high-order harmonics with large amplitude in the airgap magnetic field are fully utilized and served as the effective working harmonics, which aim at enhancing the output torque and reducing the torque ripple. Moreover, to extensively explore the performance advantages of the V-PMV motor, a multi-objective optimization study is carried out. And, the electromagnetic performances of the V-PMV motors are analyzed and compared in detail. Finally, a prototype machine is built and tested. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results verify the validity of the motor and multi-objective optimization design approach.

Aggregate thermostatically controlled loads (ATCLs) are a suitable candidate for power imbalance on demand side to smooth the power fluctuation of renewable energy. A new control scheme based on an improved bilinear aggregate model of ATCLs is investigated to suppress power imbalance. Firstly, the original bilinear aggregate model of ATCLs is extended by the second-order equivalent thermal parameter model to optimize accumulative error over a long time scale. Then, to ensure the control performance of tracking error, an improved model predictive control algorithm is proposed by integrating the Lyapunov function with the error transformation, and theoretical stability of the proposed control algorithm is proven. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the accuracy of the improved bilinear aggregate model is enhanced; the proposed control algorithm has faster convergence speed and better tracking accuracy in contrast with the Lyapunov function-based model predictive control without the prescribed performance.

In order to realize the low vibration design, variable leakage flux permanent magnet (VLF-PM) motor is investigated and purposefully optimized. Firstly, the variable flux characteristics of the VLF-PM motor are studied in detail. Then the electromagnetic vibration characteristics of the VLF-PM motor under different operating conditions are analyzed. On this basis, key electromagnetic force harmonics caused by the vibration at typical operating conditions and torque performances are selected to be optimized. By the adoption of multi-objective optimization, low radial electromagnetic force (REF) and high output torque can be achieved. Both simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the reduced vibration design of LCF-PM motors, which provides a potential research path for the low vibration design of PM motors, especially multi-mode PM motors.

Holocene records for the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) indicate that, apart for the last 2,000 years (“2 kyr shift”), solar insolation was the dominant factor controlling the monsoon climate. The aim of this review is to provide a synopsis of climate characteristics over the last 2 kyr, clarifying mechanisms for the diverse trend with Northern Hemisphere Summer Insolation (NHSI) records. Here, we initially review proxy-based climate reconstructions for the last 2 kyr, and then compare them with records from the last five interglacial periods. Finally, we examine potential physical mechanisms responsible for the “2 kyr shift.” Findings from this review indicate that the “2 kyr shift” is a representative pattern of Holocene climate change within the core area of the ASM, and the “2 kyr shift” could be mainly controlled by changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration. In addition, suggestions to address a more humid condition dominating the Asian monsoonal margin zones are offered.

BACKGROUND Compared with zircon U-Pb dating, monazite has more advantages in the dating of some metamorphic rocks or highly differentiated rocks. However, the U-Th-Pb isotopic dating of monazite has been limited, because of high Th concentration (commonly>7%), many mineral inclusions, and rare dating standard samples. Previous research on LA-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb dating of monazite mainly focused on laser parameters, and lacked attention on ICP-MS conditions. OBJECTIVES To find suitable experimental LA-ICP-MS monazite dating conditions. METHODS Using 193nm ArF excimer laser ablation system and Agilent 7500a inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer, laser parameters (laser beam spot diameter and laser frequency) and ICP-MS parameters(dwelling time of 232Th) were investigated. The laser beam spot diameter was set to 24μm, 16μm and 10μm, and the laser frequency was set to 3Hz, 4Hz and 5Hz. The dwelling time of 232Th was set to 10ms, 6ms, 3ms and 1ms for U-Th-Pb dating. Finally, the monazite sample RW-1 was used as the standard sample to calibrate the monazite sample Bananeira. RESULTS It was suitable for monazite dating when the beam spot diameter was 16μm, the dwelling time of 232Th was 3ms or 1ms, the energy density was 4J/cm2, the laser frequency was 5Hz, the carrier gas (He) flow rate was 0.35L/min, and the carrier gas (Ar) flow rate was 0.95L/min. Under these conditions, Bananeira's weighted average ages of 207Pb/235U were 510.7±8.6Ma (MSWD=0.87), and 513.8±5.7Ma (MSWD=0.38), which were consistent with the recommended age of 507.7±1.3Ma with respective errors of 0.59% and 1.20%. 208Pb/232Th weighted average ages were 496.9±8.6Ma (MSWD=0.596) and 499.8±5.6Ma (MSWD=0.37), which were consistent with the recommended age of 497.6±1.6Ma, with respective errors of 0.14% and 0.44%. The 207Pb/235U weighted average age of Huangshan sample HS-1 was 128.3±2.4Ma (MSWD=0.73), which were close to the zircon age of 127.0±2.1Ma (MSWD=0.93) in the Huangshan area. CONCLUSIONS The optimal laser and ICP-MS conditions are suitable for monazite U-Th-Pb isotopic age determination.

Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death associated with aortic diseases. The age of TAD victims in forensic studies is significantly younger than hospitalized patients with TAD, while only a few studies have been conducted on autopsy-diagnosed TAD deceased. A retrospective study was conducted at the Medicolegal Center of Sun Yat-sen University from 1999 to 2019 to address the characteristics of TAD victims. A total of 200 deceased from spontaneous rupture of TAD were assessed, with 165 (82.5%) males and 175 (87.5%) Stanford type A deceased. Our main results showed that compared with patients with TAD diagnosed during their lifetime, individuals diagnosed with TAD until an autopsy showed an earlier onset (43.80 years old) and less accompanied hypertension (

Exploration of natural gases in the Middle Permian Qixia Formation has achieved a breakthrough in the central and western Sichuan Basin since 2010. This study discusses the quality of dolomite reservoirs and source rocks, trap types and hydrocarbon charging history and proposes that good accumulation conditions are the basis for the large-scale enrichment of natural gas in the Qixia Formation. The high-quality reservoirs in the Qixia Formation are dolomites that primarily occur along platform margins and in the inner-platform shoals surrounding the Caledonian palaeo-uplifts. The Qixia gases originated mainly from the Cambrian and Permian mudstone source rocks. The overlaying Permian source rocks and the underlying Cambrian source rocks are both widely distributed and could provide sufficient gases for dolomite reservoirs. Additionally, the structural or structural-lithologic traps formed by an overlap of the Qixia dolomites and structurally high are favourable for oil and gas accumulation. The Qixia Formation had experienced four episodes of oil and gas charging from the middle-late Triassic to the Early Cretaceous, and traps located in structural-high zones are most favourable for hydrocarbon accumulation. Thus, the Qixia Formation has excellent accumulation conditions for the formation of large-scale gas fields. The concealed structural belts in the footwall of fault No. 1, the Longmenshan–Daxingchang structural belts and the periphery Gaomo–Shehong palaeo-uplift are the key zones for large-scale gas exploration in the Qixia Formation. The Qixia Formation is an important strategic replacement field for natural gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin following the Ediacaran Dengying Formation and the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation.

Exploiting Willis coupling in acoustic metamaterials with designed geometrical asymmetries opens up new opportunities related to sound control and manipulation. Here, the authors report a dual form of Willis coupling in geometrically symmetric acoustic scatterers.

Mg-12Gd-3Y-1Sm-0.5Zr alloy was prepared by induction melting, and the microstructure and properties of the alloy after heat treatment at different aging temperatures were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD), optical microscope(OM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), micro-hardness and tensile test. The results show that the alloy grain size gradually increases with the increase of aging temperature, the number of the second phase in the grain increases, and the time during which the hardness peak appears gradually decreases when Mg-12Gd-3Y-1Sm-0.5Zr alloy is peak aged at 200, 250 ℃ and 300 ℃. The precipitated phase is β' when the aging temperature is 200 ℃ and 250 ℃, and the precipitated phase is β phase when the aging temperature is 300 ℃. The mechanical properties of the alloy peak aged at 250 ℃ are the best. In the process of stretching at room temperature, 200, 250 ℃ and 300 ℃, the tensile strength of the aging peak alloy at 200 ℃ and 250 ℃ shows the abnormal temperature effect of increasing at first and then decreasing, but while no such abnormal phenomenon appears in the alloy after peak aging heat treatment at 300 ℃.

Abstract Background This study aims to explore the insulin requirement profiles, and analyze the related factors of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with different C-peptide levels on insulin pump therapy. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 271 T2DM patients treated with insulin pumps from 2016 to 2018. These patients were divided into groups according to the ratio of C-peptide at 2 h after meals to fasting C-peptide (C2h/C0), and the dosage of insulin and influencing factors were analyzed. Results In comparing group A (C2h/C0

Small capacitor motor drive systems have received increased attention due to higher reliability and longer lifespan. However, small capacitor motor drive systems suffer from poor dynamic performance and larger torque ripple. In this paper, a combined control method is presents to improve the performance of small capacitor motor drive systems. On the one hand, this combined control strategy adopts injected harmonic current to reduce the fluctuation voltage on the DC-link, which provide better conditions for high-performance operation of permanent magnet synchronous motor. To satisfy the harmonic standard of IEC61000-3-2, the guideline of injected harmonic current is deduced according to motor power and the input power factor. On the other hand, an improved repetitive control in parallel with PI control is applied into motor control to effectively suppress motor torque ripple under the condition of the periodic pulsation voltage on the DC-link. In addition, this control method has good dynamic motor performance. Experiments are conducted, and the results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the combined control strategy.

Magnesium alloy is considered as one of the ideal cardiovascular stent materials owing to its good mechanical properties and biodegradability. However, the in vivo rapid degradation rate and the insufficient biocompatibility restrict its clinical applications. In this study, the magnesium alloy (AZ31B) was modified by combining the surface chemical treatment and in-situ self-assembly of 16-phosphonyl-hexadecanoic acid, followed by the immobilization of chitosan-functionalized graphene oxide (GOCS). Heparin (Hep) and GOCS were alternatively immobilized on the GOCS-modified surface through layer by layer (LBL) to construct the GOCS/Hep bioactive multilayer coating, and the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility were extensively explored. The results showed that the GOCS/Hep bioactive multilayer coating can endow magnesium alloys with an excellent in vitro corrosion resistance. The GOCS/Hep multilayer coating can significantly reduce the hemolysis rate and the platelet adhesion and activation, resulting in an excellent blood compatibility. In addition, the multilayer coating can not only enhance the adhesion and proliferation of the endothelial cells, but also promote the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide (NO) expression of the attached endothelial cells on the surfaces. Therefore, the method of the present study can be used to simultaneously control the corrosion resistance and improve the biocompatibility of the magnesium alloys, which is expected to promote the application of magnesium alloys in biomaterials or medical devices, especially cardiovascular stent.

Cylindrical vector beams (CVBs), being a special kind of beams with spatially variant states of polarizations, are promising in photonics applications, including high-resolution imaging, plasmon excitation, optical trapping, and laser machining. Recently, generating CVBs using metasurfaces has drawn enormous interest owing to their highly designable, multifunctional, and integratable features. However, related studies remain unexplored in the terahertz regime. Here, a generic method for efficiently generating terahertz CVBs carrying orbital angular momentums (OAMs) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated using transmission-type spatial-variant dielectric metasurfaces, which is realized by designing the interference between the two circularly polarized transmission components. This method is based on spin-decoupled phase control allowed by simultaneously manipulating the dynamic phase and geometric phase of each structure, endowing more degree of freedom in designing the vector beams. Two types of metasurfaces which respectively generate polarization-dependent terahertz vector vortex beams (VVBs) and vector Bessel beams (VBBs) are experimentally characterized. The proposed method opens a new window to generate versatile vector beams, providing new capabilities in developing novel, compact, and high-performance devices applicable to broad electromagnetic spectral regimes.

Objective To explore the expressions of miR-96 and miR-103 in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and their relation with prognosis. Methods We selected 122 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma as the observation subjects. The expression levels of miR-96 and miR-103 were detected, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to analyze the risk factors of median survival time of hepatocellular carcinoma patients and to establish a predictive model. Results The relative expression levels of miR-96 and miR-103 in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues were significantly higher than those in paracancerous tissues; the expression of miR-96 and miR-103 in HCC were correlated with tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage and degree of differentiation(all P < 0.05). All cases were followed up for 60 months, and the median survival time was 37.8 months. The expression of miR-96 and miR-103 in HCC were correlated with tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage and differentiation, but not with sex, age or liver cirrhosis. Multivariate analysis showed that TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, poor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, high expression of miR-96 and miR-103 were independent risk factors for median survival time of patients with primary hepatic carcinoma. Conclusion The high expression of miR-96 and miR-103 in liver cancer tissues are the independent influence factors of poor prognosis in primary hepatic carcinoma patients and could be used as the indexes of prognostic evaluation.

The tribological properties of garaphene and graphene oxide (GO) as water based additives were investigated for AZ31 Magnesium alloy cold rolling. The morphology and composition of surfaces were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) and Raman spectrum. The lubricating mechanism of graphene and graphene oxide(GO) as water-based additives was explored. The results indicate that the best tribological response of the magnesium alloy/steel pairs evaluated is obtained when GO and graphene at a concentration of 0.5%(mass fraction) is added to water. The friction coefficients of graphene nanofluids and GO nanofluids are 0.132 and 0.038, and the wear volumes are 23.1 mm3 and 2.59 mm3. Furthermore, the cold-rolling tests show that the application of GO nanofluids leads to a significant reduction in the rolling force and an improvement in the surface quality of sheets. Under the same testing conditions, the lubricating performance of GO nanofluids are superior to graphene nanofluids, which attributes to the superior dispersion in the water and prominent wetting of the GO nanofluids on the magnesium alloy surface.

This paper proposed a dual quasi-resonant controller position observer for conventional pulsating high frequency voltage injection method. The proposed position observer can not only improve the dynamic performance of the sensorless control, but can also compensate the position error fluctuation caused by the dead-time effect. To improve the dynamic performance, the digital bandpass filter in the traditional position observer used to extract high frequency current response is replaced by a quasi-resonant controller firstly. Moreover, an improved Luenberger observer without lowpass filter, which is usually used in traditional position observer to filter the noise in speed information, is adopted in the new position observer. Therefore, dynamic performances can be improved. Then, to reduce the sixth harmonic in the magnitude of position error and speed error caused by the dead-time effect, a frequency adaptive quasi-resonant controller is connected in parallel with the proportional-integral controller in the Luenberger observer. The experiment results verify that the proposed observer can reduce the position estimation error not only in steady state operation conditions, but in variable speed and variable load conditions, and the speed variation range can be widened as well.

Objective. To investigate the effect of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) CERS6 antisense RNA1 (CERS6-AS1) on the biological behavior of prostate cancer cells DU145 and its mechanism. Methods. RT-PCR was used to detect the relative level of CERS6-AS1 and miR-16-5p in prostate cancer tissues, adjacent tissues, prostate cancer cells DU145, and human normal prostate epithelial cells RWPE-1. DU145 cells were divided into control group, si-CERS6-AS1 group, si-NC group, miR-16-5p mimic group, miR-NC group, and si-CERS6-AS1+miR-16-5p inhibitor group. And CCK-8 method and colony formation test was applied to detect cell proliferation ability, flow cytometry was selected to calculate cell apoptosis, and scratch healing test was employed to assess cell migration ability. Western blot was determined to detect high mobility protein A2 (HMGA2) expression. RT-PCR and dual-luciferase reporter experiments were used to analyze the targeting relationship among CERS6-AS1, miR-16-5p, and HMGA2. Results. Compared with the adjacent tissues, the relative level of CERS6-AS1 in prostate cancer tissue was increased (P

Theoretically, with a high enough drug dosage, cancer cells could be eliminated. However, the dosages that can be administered are limited by the therapeutic efficacy and side effects of the given drug. Herein, a nanomedicine integrating chemotherapeutic sensitization and protection was developed to relieve the limitation of administration dosage and to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. The nanomedicine was endowed with the function of synergistically controlled release of CO and drugs under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. CO photo-induced release system (COPIRS) was synthesized by constructing an electron excitation–electron transfer group–electron-induced CO release structure and was used as the hydrophobic part, and then hydrophilic polymer (polyethylene glycol; PEG) was introduced by a thermal-responsive groups (DA group), forming a near-infrared-induced burst-release nanocarrier. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the nanomedicine can distinguish between tumor and normal cells and regulates the resistance of these different cells through the controlled release of carbonic oxide (CO), simultaneously enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs on tumor cells and chemotherapeutic protection on normal cells. This strategy could solve the current limitations on dosages due to toxicity and provide a solution for tumor cure by chemotherapy.

Coronavirus nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3) is a multi-functional protein, playing a critical role in viral replication and in regulating host antiviral innate immunity. In this study, we demonstrate that nsp3 from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) directly interacts with melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), rendering an inhibitory effect on the MDA5-mediated type I interferon (IFN) response. By the co-expression of MDA5 with wild-type and truncated nsp3 constructs, at least three interacting regions mapped to the papain-like protease (PLpro) domain and two other domains located at the N- and C-terminal regions were identified in SARS-CoV-2 nsp3. Furthermore, by introducing point mutations to the catalytic triad, the deubiquitylation activity of the PLpro domain from both SARS-CoV-2 and IBV nsp3 was shown to be responsible for the suppression of the MDA5-mediated type I IFN response. It was also demonstrated that both MDA5 and nsp3 were able to interact with ubiquitin and ubiquitinated proteins, contributing to the interaction between the two proteins. This study confirms the antagonistic role of nsp3 in the MDA5-mediated type I IFN signaling, highlighting the complex interaction between a multi-functional viral protein and the innate immune response.

Willis coupling is an additional degree of freedom, which can enhance acoustic metamaterials, by coupling monopole and dipole excitations. Here, the authors experimentally demonstrate a meta-atom with Willis coupling approaching the theoretical maximum, which is robust to thermo-viscous losses.

The tribological properties of garaphene and graphene oxide (GO) as water based additives were investigated for AZ31 Magnesium alloy cold rolling. The morphology and composition of surfaces were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) and Raman spectrum. The lubricating mechanism of graphene and graphene oxide(GO) as water-based additives was explored. The results indicate that the best tribological response of the magnesium alloy/steel pairs evaluated is obtained when GO and graphene at a concentration of 0.5%(mass fraction) is added to water. The friction coefficients of graphene nanofluids and GO nanofluids are 0.132 and 0.038, and the wear volumes are 23.1 mm3 and 2.59 mm3. Furthermore, the cold-rolling tests show that the application of GO nanofluids leads to a significant reduction in the rolling force and an improvement in the surface quality of sheets. Under the same testing conditions, the lubricating performance of GO nanofluids are superior to graphene nanofluids, which attributes to the superior dispersion in the water and prominent wetting of the GO nanofluids on the magnesium alloy surface.

TRPC5 channel is a nonselective cation channel that participates in diverse physiological processes. TRPC5 inhibitors show promise in the treatment of anxiety disorder, depression, and kidney disease. However, the binding sites and inhibitory mechanism of TRPC5 inhibitors remain elusive. Here, we present the cryo-EM structures of human TRPC5 in complex with two distinct inhibitors, namely clemizole and HC-070, to the resolution of 2.7 Å. The structures reveal that clemizole binds inside the voltage sensor-like domain of each subunit. In contrast, HC-070 is wedged between adjacent subunits and replaces the glycerol group of a putative diacylglycerol molecule near the extracellular side. Moreover, we found mutations in the inhibitor binding pockets altered the potency of inhibitors. These structures suggest that both clemizole and HC-070 exert the inhibitory functions by stabilizing the ion channel in a nonconductive closed state. These results pave the way for further design and optimization of inhibitors targeting human TRPC5.

Jia-Ji electro-acupuncture (EA) has been widely applied in clinic to exhibit curative effects on spinal cord injury (SCI). However, its underlying mechanisms leading to improvement of motor function after SCI remain unclear. Allen’s method was made by NYU Impactor M-III equipment to create the SCI rats model. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham (only laminectomy), Model (SCI group), EA (SCI + Jia-Ji EA treatment), EA + CQ (SCI + Jia-Ji EA treatment + inhibitor chloroquine). Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan assessment showed improvement of hind limb motor function after Jia-Ji electro-acupuncture treatment. Histological change of injured spinal cord tissue was alleviated after treatment, observed by hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining. The mRNA and protein expression levels of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL were decreased in EA group. Besides, the increased expression of LC3 and reduced expression of P62 after treatment compared with Model group, confirmed that Jia-Ji electro-acupuncture could enhance the autophagy flux. Electron microscopy imaging showed increasing the number of lysosomes, autophagosomes, and autolysosomes after Jia-Ji electro-acupuncture treatment. Furthermore, inhibition of lysosome function with CQ led to partly eliminate the effect of EA on reducing necroptosis. These data make the case that Jia-Ji electro-acupuncture treatment may improve locomotor function by promoting autophagy flux and inhibiting necroptosis.