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Objective To characterize BMI in Chinese patients with RA vs US patients and examine its association with joint damage in Chinese patients. Methods Each of the 1318 patients from a real-world Chinese RA population was first stratified by gender and then individually age-matched with one American RA patient from the US National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 1999–2018. Data on BMI, bilateral hand radiographs and risk factors at enrolment were collected but radiographs were unavailable for the American patients. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of BMI with radiographic joint damage (RJD) in Chinese patients. Results Chinese patients had a significantly lower BMI [(weighted) median 21.8 vs 29.8 kg/m2; P  < 0.001] and a higher prevalence of being underweight (15.2% vs 1.1%; P  < 0.05) than their American counterparts. Underweight Chinese patients (BMI <18.5) had higher modified total Sharp scores (median 17 vs 10) and joint space narrowing (JSN) subscores (median 6 vs 2) (both P  < 0.05) than normal-weight patients (BMI ≥18.5–<24). After controlling for confounding, continuous BMI was cross-sectionally negatively associated with RJD [adjusted prevalence odds ratio (OR) 0.90 (95% CI 0.85, 0.96)] and JSN [adjusted prevalence OR 0.92 (95% CI 0.87, 0.96)]; being underweight vs normal weight was associated with RJD [adjusted prevalence OR 2.14 (95% CI 1.37, 3.35)] and JSN [adjusted prevalence OR 1.77 (95% CI 1.10, 2.84)]. Conclusion Low BMI and being underweight were cross-sectionally associated with joint damage in Chinese RA patients, especially JSN, suggesting the clinical importance of identifying underweight patients and focusing on weight gain to prevent joint damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the experiment was to analyze and compare three methods (methyl violet method, molar method, and chloride ion selective electrode method) of measuring feed mixing uniformity, so as to provide a reference for feed enterprises to choose determination methods. Six kinds of feed were selected in the experiment, including piglet early-stage compound feed, suckling pig concentrated feed, medium pig compound feed, broiler early-stage feed, broiler middle-stage feed, and broiler late-stage feed. Two batches of each feed were collected, with a total of 120 samples. The mixing uniformity was determined by methyl violet method, molar method, and chloride ion selective electrode method. The results showed that the mixing evenness CV of six kinds of feeds determined by chloride ion selective electrode method was below 10.00% in the allowable range of national standard, and the results determined by methyl violet method were less than 10.00% except for medium pig compound feed. The mixing evenness of three kinds of pig feed was less than 10.00% by molar method, and the mixing evenness of three kinds of chicken feed was more than 10.00%. The variation coefficient of mixing uniformity of medium pig compound feed measured by methyl violet method was significantly higher than that by chloride ion selective electrode method (P<0.05). The variation coefficient of mixing evenness of broiler early-stage feed, broiler middle-stage feed by molar method were significantly higher than those by methyl violet method and chloride ion selective electrode method (P<0.05). The variation coefficient of mixing uniformity of broiler late-stage feed by molar method was significantly higher than that by methyl violet method and chloride ion selective electrode method (P<0.05), and the mixing uniformity of broiler late-stage feed by methyl violet method was significantly higher than that by chloride ion selective electrode method (P<0.05). The study indicates that the method of chloride ion selective electrode was effective in measuring the mixing uniformity of six kinds of feeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]