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Guosheng Xiong,1,* Liyin Li,2,* Xiaobo Chen,1 Sinuo Song,3 Yunping Zhao,1 Wenke Cai,4 Jingping Peng4 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Medical Management, Kunming General Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic, Kunming General Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Aim: The purpose of this study is to consider the function of cytoskeleton-associated protein 2-like (CKAP2L) in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) development and its prognostic value. Methods: The mRNA expression of CKAP2L and its correlation with clinical factors in LAD patients were analyzed from the data taken from The Cancer Genome Atlas and The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University. We constructed H460 and A549 cell lines with silenced CKAP2L using RNA interference. Cell counting kit-8 assay and colony formation assays were carried out to determine the function of CKAP2L in H460 and A549 cell proliferation. Transwell and wound healing assays were applied to determine the effect of CKAP2L on H460 and A549 cell invasion and migration. The influences of CKAP2L on mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway-related proteins were tested by Western blotting. Results: CKAP2L expression is enhanced in LAD tissues and is predictive of poor prognosis in LAD patients. High expression of CKAP2L is associated with stage (P

A forming process called the mask and flexible pad laser shock forming was proposed to fabricate the micro-features on the copper foil. In this process, the mask and laser beam were used as rigid punches. Shock waves induced by plasma were used as the source of loading and plasticine was used as a flexible pad. This was a micro scale and high strain rate forming process and the traditional forming method with micro-mold was changed. In the experiment, surface morphology of formed parts was represented and it was found that the mask played a significant role in the forming process. In order to understand the forming process in the experiment, process parameters, including laser pulse energy, numbers of laser pulse and grain size, were analyzed. The experimental results showed that different parameters had different effects on formed parts. The surface quality and the thickness distribution of formed parts were investigated. It was found that formed parts could keep good surface quality after laser shocking and the reasons were explored. The thickness distribution was measured and the thickness thinning rate was calculated. There was no local tightening or rupture in the forming area. In this paper, the micro-features could be obtained on metallic foils and the method of mold-free was proved to be feasible.

A microscale laser shock flexible drawing (µLSFD) is a novel ultrahigh strain rate manufacturing technology that provides an effective means for fabricating complicated microparts shapes in foil. However, the size effect phenomenon in ultrahigh strain rate microforming is still largely unknown. In this work, the micro-mold and process parameters were designed to investigate the size effects based on the similarity theory. The parts were formed using annealed copper foils with four different grain sizes to study the grain size effect. The parts were fabricated by use of different micro-molds and copper foils with varying thicknesses but with the same annealing temperature to investigate the effect of feature size. The experimental results indicated that the depth of the formed parts increased with an increase in the grain size; the forming depth decreased significantly when the feature dimension was smaller than a critical value. The surface roughness and the thickness thinning ratio of the formed parts increased when the grain size and feature dimension increased. The maximum thinning ratio appeared at the bottom of the formed parts. The regression analysis revealed that the material deformation was more homogeneous with a decrease in the grain size and an increase in the feature dimensions when the µLSFD process was employed. This study provides a theoretical basis for the investigation of size effects in laser shock flexible forming.

Laser flexible shock micro-bulging (LFSB) is a novel micro fabrication technology, which combines laser dynamic forming and flexible die forming, which is a type of high strain rate micro-forming. The LFSB of 304 stainless steel foils was investigated in this paper. Experimental and simulated results indicated that the bulging depth and thickness thinning rate of bulging parts increased with an increase of laser energy and a decrease of workpiece thickness. Experimental results also showed the surface morphology of bulging parts. The hardness distribution in the cross section of bulging parts was revealed by nanoindentation experiments. The internal microstructure of micro bulging parts was observed by TEM. In addition, the equivalent stress and plastic strain distribution of bulging parts were shown in the numerical simulation under different workpiece thicknesses and laser energies.

This paper describes a novel technique for joining similar and dissimilar metal foils, namely micro clinching with cutting by laser shock forming. A series of experiments were conducted to study the deformation behavior of single layer material, during which many important process parameters were determined. The process window of the 1060 pure aluminum foils and annealed copper foils produced by micro clinching with cutting was analyzed. Moreover, similar material combination (annealed copper foils) and dissimilar material combination (1060 pure aluminum foils and 304 stainless steel foils) were successfully achieved. The effect of laser energy on the interlock and minimum thickness of upper foils was investigated. In addition, the mechanical strength of different material combinations joined by micro clinching with cutting was measured in single lap shearing tests. According to the achieved results, this novel technique is more suitable for material combinations where the upper foil is thicker than lower foil. With the increase of laser energy, the interlock increased while the minimum thickness of upper foil decreased gradually. The shear strength of 1060 pure aluminum foils and 304 stainless steel foils combination was three times as large as that of 1060 pure aluminum foils and annealed copper foils combination.

In this paper a novel laser impact spot welding (LISW) method is described, in which a hump was formed on the flyer plate on the intended welding spot location by local pre-forming. When the flyer and base plates were placed together to perform welding, the two plates kept in contact over their entire surfaces except at the hump, where a local air gap was enough to guarantee the impact velocity and collision angle to achieve spot welding using laser pulse energy. The presented approach was implemented to join thin titanium foils to copper foils under low laser energy system. Joints with regular shapes were obtained. The microstructure in the weld interface was studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). It was found that the jetting occurred at the central region of the weld spots due to oblique impact. Wave features were observed in the weld interfaces. The impact energy was found to have significant influence on the wave’s characteristics. Moreover, SEM images and EDS analysis did not show apparent element diffusion across the weld interface. Besides, the lap shearing test was used to characterize the mechanical properties of the spot welded joints.