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The current ice lake dataset in the western region of Nyingchi requires further improvement. Due to the intricate distribution of ice lakes and imprecise boundary delineation, research tends to overlook small-scale ice lakes in this area. Moreover, most related studies have focused solely on variations in ice lake areas within key regions, such as the Himalayas, with little attention given to changes occurring in southeastern Tibet. The frequency of ice and snow disasters in the study area has been steadily increasing over the years. Therefore, this study utilizes Landsat satellite images and employs visual interpretation methods to generate more precise and comprehensive maps depicting the distribution of ice lakes in the western region of Nyingchi Province for the years 1994, 2010, 2018, and 2022. Additionally, changes in scale and spatial patterns of different types of ice lakes were investigated. Between 1994 and 2022, the ice lake area in the study area significantly increased by 22.5%, reaching a total of 35.8 ± 3.0 km2. This expansion was primarily driven by glacier-fed lakes, which experienced a remarkable growth rate of 30.8%. In contrast, the non-glacier-fed lakes experienced an increase by only 15.6%. Notably, ice lakes at higher elevations exhibited a peak in expansion, with those above 5143.0 m experiencing the most substantial growth rate of 44.8%. The long-term expansion rate of ice lakes is investigated through the measurement of changes in their boundaries, with the aim to understand the factors contributing to their growth. These findings indicate the rapid expansion of the ice lake near the glacier, with an annual growth rate of 1.3% per annum. Specifically, the glacial-fed section exhibited an expansion rate of 1.1% per annum, while the nonglacial-fed section experienced a growth rate of 0.6% per annum. The seasonal variability in marine glaciers is the primary factor influencing the expansion of ice lakes in this region, with temperature and precipitation serving as the principal driving forces impacting the transformation of these lakes. The data provided by the research results will facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics and mechanisms governing the ice lake in western Nyingchi, thereby contributing to an enhanced scientific comprehension of potential disaster risks associated with this ice lake.

ObjectiveThis paper analyzes and models the core logic of a strike chain in terms of time sensitivity, reconfiguration and coverage, thereby providing model and method support for improving the dynamic management ability of naval combat resources under confrontation conditions. MethodsFirst, the typical combat platforms and elements related to the cross-domain cooperative combat of naval battlefields, such as escort ships, UAVs and unmanned boats, are abstracted into four types of resource nodes, namely detection, processing, decision-making and strike. Next, taking the shortest delay as the goal and considering constraints such as wide battlespace, low transmission rate between nodes and limited communication distance, the dynamic integration optimization mathematical model of the strike chain is established. A typical air defense scenario is then designed to demonstrate the shortest delay analysis of the strike chain and the destruction reconstruction analysis under the absence or attack of nodes, and quantitatively describe the changes of the shortest delay and sector coverage index of the reorganized strike chain under countermeasure conditions. Finally, based on a typical combat example of a Ukrainian unmanned cluster attack on the Black Sea Fleet, the ability of the fleet to resist the attack is analyzed on basis of the strike chain model. ResultsThe simulation results show that the model can be used to generate multiple strike chains with the shortest delays, and the responsibility division of each strike chain can be optimized, forming a multi-target killing network at sea. The destruction reconstruction of the strike chain often needs to pay such costs as increased delay and decreased sector coverage. The model can also be used to test anti-saturation attack ability under different formations.ConclusionsThis paper studies and validates the feasibility of analyzing the naval warfare system based on the strike chain model, and can provide theoretical model support for the subsequent design of future naval joint combat systems oriented to the killing network.

Abstract To develop the Head and Neck Cancer Psychosocial Distress Scale (HNCPDS) with the aim of identifying high-risk individuals for psychosocial distress among patients, and to assess its reliability, validity and applicability. Using the classical test theory, a total of 435 head and neck cancer patients from six tertiary hospitals in China were recruited for developing the HNCPDS. Delphi expert consultation and item analysis were used to improve the content validity of the preliminary HNCPDS. Factor analysis (FA) and Structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to test the structural validity of HNCPDS. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Spearman-Brown coefficient and Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to test the internal consistency and retest reliability of HNCPDS. Multiple stepped-linear regression was used to analyze the risk factors of psychological disorder, and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between psychosocial distress and quality of life (QOL). The HNCPDS consisted of 14 items, which were divided into 3 subscales: 3 items for cancer discrimination, 5 items for anxiety and depression, and 6 items for social phobia. The HNCPDS had good validity [KMO coefficient was 0.947, Bartlett’s test was 5027.496 (P

Mycena (Pers.) Roussel (1806) is a large genus of Mycenaceae known for having small to medium-sized basidiomata. It is typified by the species Mycena galericulata (Scop.) Gray. For years, many mycologists have made important contributions to understanding Mycena and several monographs have been published. Three specimens were collected from China that belonged to the genus Mycena. On the basis of morphological analysis and phylogenetic analyses employing DNA sequences, a new species is described.Mycena brunnescens sp. nov. is described as a new species from subtropical areas of China. It is characterised by its brown pileus, whitish lamellae that turns brown when bruised, orange to brown lamellae edges, the absence of pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia with simple or branched excrescences at the apex containing yellowish-brown contents. We performed phylogenetic analyses on a concatenated dataset comprising the internal transcribed spacer and large subunit regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA using Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood methods. The result showed that the new taxon clustered in an independent group and is closely related to M. albiceps and M. flosoides.

Abstract Introduction Alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by the larval forms of Echinococcus multilocularis, is a zoonotic disease affecting the liver, lungs, lymph nodes, kidneys, brain, bones, thyroid, and other organs. Diagnosing AE in a non-endemic area is usually challenging. With the rapid development and increasing application of sequencing techniques in recent years, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has become a powerful tool for diagnosing rare infectious diseases. Case Presentation A 45-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for the presence of pulmonary shadows for more than 3 months. The lung computed tomography (CT) at a local hospital revealed scattered solid and quasi-circular nodules in the left upper lobe, left lower lobe, right middle lobe, and right lower lobe. The largest nodule was located in the dorsal part of the right lung, measuring 2.0 × 1.7 × 1.5 cm. Moreover, abdominal CT revealed one space-occupying lesion each in the left and right lobes. The pathological analysis of the lung biopsy specimen revealed infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils in the alveolar wall and interstitial area. No pathogenic bacteria were observed in the sputum smear and culture tests. There were no parasite eggs in the stool. The mNGS of the lung puncture tissue revealed 6156 sequence reads matching E. multilocularis; thus, the condition was diagnosed as AE. Albendazole 400 mg was administered twice daily, and the patient was stable during follow-up. Conclusion This case emphasizes the role of mNGS in diagnosing AE. As a novel, sensitive, and accurate diagnostic method, mNGS could be an attractive approach for facilitating early diagnosis and prompt treatment of infectious diseases, especially when the infection was caused by rare pathogens.

Objective:. The long QT syndrome type 2 is caused by the loss-of-function mutations in the KCNH2 gene, which encodes hERG1, the voltage-gated potassium channel. The hERG1 channels conduct rapid delayed rectifier K+ currents (IKr) in the human cardiac tissue. KCNH2 encodes 2 main isoforms—hERG1a and hERG1b, which assemble to form the homomeric or heteromeric hERG1 channels. However, the functional characteristics of the heteromeric hERG1 channels in long QT syndrome type 2 are not clear. In this study, a novel mutation in the N-terminus of hERG1a (F129I) was identified in a proband of long QT syndrome type 2. The purpose of this study was to identify the electrophysiological change of homomeric and heteromeric hERG1 channels with the F129I-hERG1a. Methods:. Candidate genes were screened by direct sequencing. F129I-hERG1a was cloned in the pcDNA3.1 vector by site-directed mutagenesis. Then, the wild-type (WT) hERG1a and/or F129I-hERG1a were transiently expressed in the HEK293 cells with or without hERG1b co-expression. The expression levels of the transgenes, cellular distribution of hERG1a and hERG1b, and the electrophysiological features of the homomeric and the heteromeric hERG1 channels with the WT-hERG1a or F129I-hERG1a were analyzed using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology, western blotting, and immunofluorescence techniques. Results:. The proband was clinically diagnosed with long QT syndrome type 2 and carried a heterozygous mutation c.385T>A (F129I) in the KCNH2 gene. Electrophysiology study proved that the F129I substitution in hERG1a significantly decreased IKr in both the homomeric and heteromeric hERG1channels by 86% and 70%, respectively (WT-hERG1a (54.88 ± 18.74) pA/pF vs. F129I-hERG1a (7.34 ± 1.90) pA/pF, P < 0.001; WT-hERG1a/hERG1b (89.92 ± 24.51) pA/pF vs. F129I-hERG1a/hERG1b (26.54 ± 9.83) pA/pF, P < 0.001). The voltage dependence of IKr activation (V½ and k) was not affected by the mutation in both the homomeric and heteromeric hERG1 channels. The peak current densities and the kinetic characteristics of IKr were comparable for both WT/F129I-hERG1a and WT-hERG1a. The channel inactivation and deactivation analysis showed that F129I substitution did not affect deactivation of the homomeric hERG1a channel, but significantly accelerated the deactivation and recovery from inactivation of the heteromeric hERG1a/hERG1b channel based on the time constants of fast and slow recovery from deactivation F129I-hERG1a/hERG1b vs. WT-hERG1a/hERG1b (P < 0.05). Western blotting and immunofluorescence labeling experiments showed that maturation and intracellular trafficking of the F129I-hERG1a protein was impaired and potentially increased the ratio of hERG1b to hERG1a in the F129I-hERG1a/hERG1b tetramer channel, thereby resulting in electrophysiological changes characteristic of the long QT syndrome type 2 pathology. Conclusions:. IKr was significantly reduced in the homomeric and heteromeric hERG1 channels with F129I-hERG1a. The F129I mutation significantly accelerated the deactivation and recovery from inactivation of the heteromeric F129I-hERG1a/hERG1b channel. F129I-hERG1a exhibited impaired maturation and intracellular trafficking, thereby potentially increasing the ratio of the hERG1b to hERG1a stoichiometry in the hERG1 tetrameric channel. These changes demonstrated the importance of the heteromeric hERG1 channel in long QT syndrome type 2 pathophysiology.

Objective To analyze the characteristics and related influencing factors of transfusion reactions in pediatric patients, so as to provide evidence for clinical treatment and prevention of transfusion reactions. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on children who received blood transfusions at our hospital from 2019 to 2023 in terms of the incidence, types, time of occurrence, and related influencing factors of transfusion reactions. Results A total of 69 926 transfusions were performed from 2019 to 2023, with 711 cases of transfusion reactions, resulting in an incidence of 1.02%. The incidence of transfusion reactions decreased annually from 2019 (1.89%) to 2022 (0.50%). The incidence of transfusion reactions to apheresis platelets, frozen plasma, suspended leukocyte-depleted red blood cells and cryoprecipitate coagulation factor were 2.16% (551/25 565), 0.50% (92/18 277), 0.25% (65/25 679) and 0.74% (3/405), respectively, with apheresis platelet transfusion of a significantly higher incidence compared to other blood components (P

Abstract Having correct distribution network topology information is essential for system state estimation, line loss analysis, electricity theft detection and fault location. At present, with continuous deployment of smart sensors, a large amount of monitoring data is collected, which enables refined management for distribution network. A data‐driven low voltage (LV) distribution network topology identification method is proposed, which realises transformer‐customer pairing and customer phase identification for distribution network with relatively balanced power supplies. Firstly, an integrated similarity coefficient of voltage curve is proposed, which can reflect the neighbourhood relationship within stations while increase the distinction between stations; the K‐Nearest Neighbour (KNN) algorithm is used to propagate the service transformer labels to complete transformer‐customer association. Then, the influence of power fluctuation on voltage curve is analysed and a dynamic sliding window model is adopted to search for voltage segments with significantly difference among three phase feeders to formulate a voltage time series to identify customer phase. Finally, the results are corrected and verified based on the principle of network power balance. The proposed algorithm is tested in two different real substations in China and Europe and shows high accuracy and robustness especially in distribution network with relatively balanced power supplies.

Abstract Purpose To assess the prognostic value of three novel biomarkers, DNA ploidy, stroma-tumor fraction, and nucleotyping, seeking for more accurate stratification in stage II colon cancer. Methods A total of 417 patients with complete follow up information were enrolled in this study and divided into three clinical risk groups. IHC was performed to examine MSI status. DNA ploidy, stroma and nucleotyping were estimated using automated digital imaging system. Kaplan–Meier survival curves, Cox proportional hazards regression models, and correlation analyses were carried out to process our data. Results In the whole cohort of stage II colon cancer, nucleotyping and DNA ploidy were significant prognostic factors on OS in univariate analyses. The combination of nucleotyping and DNA ploidy signified superior OS and DFS. Difference was not significant between low-stroma and high-stroma patients. In multivariable analyses, nucleotyping and the combination of nucleotyping and DNA ploidy were proven the dominant contributory factors for OS. In the low-risk group, we found the combination of nucleotyping and DNA ploidy as the independent prognostic factor statistically significant in both univariate and multivariable, while in the high-risk group, the nucleotyping. Conclusions Our study has proven nucleotyping and the combination of DNA ploidy and nucleotyping as independent prognostic indicators, thus expanding the application of nucleotyping as a predictor from high risk stage II colon cancer to whole risks.

Abstract In recent years, the Chinese government has initiated assertive centralization efforts in its approach to environmental governance. However, the efficacy of these initiatives demonstrates marked variability across different sectors. While the central-local relational framework has traditionally been employed to elucidate these disparities, its explanatory power is showing signs of strain. This paper, through policy analysis and field interviews, investigates regulatory conflicts in land use for ecological and agricultural purposes within China. The findings highlight instances of overlapping jurisdictions and discordant policy objectives among agencies responsible for delineating ecological spaces and agricultural zones. While these conflicts seem to stem from the dynamics between the central and local governments, they more accurately reflect the inherent characteristics of fragmented authoritarianism. This paper aims to expand the theory of fragmented authoritarianism by incorporating the dimension of inter-departmental competition into environmental governance, moving beyond the traditional binary analysis framework of central-local relations. It seeks to understand and critique its limitations from a broader perspective, emphasizing the role of departmental competition within fragmented authoritarianism. By analyzing this internal mechanism, the paper reveals a more nuanced governance landscape, essentially replacing the traditional central-local paradigm with a model that situates departmental competition within the overall context of fragmented authoritarianism. We propose two models for delineating competition among governmental institutions: the bureaucratic model and the charisma model, thereby advancing and deepening the application of fragmented authoritarianism theory in China’s environmental governance. This provides new theoretical insights for understanding the current challenges and developments in China’s environmental governance.

Abstract Central and systemic inflammation play pivotal roles in epileptogenesis and proepileptogenesis in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The interplay between peripheral CD4+ T cells and central microglia orchestrates the “systemic‐central” immune response in TLE. However, the precise molecular mechanisms linking central and systemic inflammation in TLE remain unknown. This preliminary findings revealed an imbalance in Th1/Th2 subsets in the periphery，accompanied by related cytokines release in TLE patients. they proposed that this peripheral Th1/Th2 imbalance may influence central inflammation by mediating microglial state dynamics within epileptic foci and distant brain regions. In Li‐pilocarpine‐induced TLE rats, a peripheral Th1/Th2 imbalance and observed corresponding central and systemic responses is confirmed. Notably, CD4+ T cells infiltrated through the compromised blood‐brain barrierand are spatially close to microglia around epileptic foci. Intravenous depletion and reinfusion of CD4+ T cells modulated microglia state dynamics and altered neuroinflammatory cytokines secretion. Moreover, mRNA sequencing of the human hippocampus identified Notch1 as a key regulator of Th1/Th2 differentiation, CD4+ T cell recruitment to brain infiltration sites, and the regulation of microglial responses, seizure frequency, and cognition. This study underscores the significance of Th1/Th2 imbalance in modulating the “systemic‐central” response in TLE, highlighting Notch1 as a potential therapeutic target.

ObjectiveThis study explores the benefits of targeted-immunotherapy combination in third-line or beyond treatment for microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in a real-world setting.MethodsPatients with MSS mCRC who were treated with either a targeted-immunotherapy combination or targeted therapy alone in the third-line or beyond setting at our hospital from August 2018 to August 2022 were included in the study. Inclusion criteria comprised patients treated with targeted therapy alone or in combination with immunotherapy. Effectiveness was compared between treatments, and patients with the potential to benefit from targeted-immunotherapy combination were identified.ResultsAmong 71 patients, 31 received targeted therapies alone (TT group) and 40 received a combination of targeted therapy and immunotherapy (TI group). The TI group had higher objective response rates (20% vs 3.2%) and disease control rates (82.5% vs 58.1%). The median progression-free survival was significantly better in the TI group (4.6 vs 4.1 months, P = 0.027). Liver metastasis was associated with poor prognosis, while patients with only lung metastases had the longest median progression-free survival of 12.3 months with combination therapy.ConclusionThe study indicates that targeted-immunotherapy combination offers more benefits than targeted therapy alone for MSS mCRC in the third-line or beyond setting.

BackgroundThe green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is an accepted food ingredient in the United States of America (United States), the European Union, Singapore, and China. It can be consumed in unlimited quantities. As this alga is rich in nutrients, proteins, and rough polysaccharides and contains a balanced proportion of various amino acids, it is an excellent raw material for food production. Although various edible brown and green algae are available on the market, their color and strong grassy flavor have constrained their popularity among consumers, thereby limiting their application in food additives and animal feed.MethodsChlorophyll-deficient C. reinhardtii mutants were developed using atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) technology.ResultsA yellow-colored C. reinhardtii variant (A7S80) cultivated in dark conditions was isolated. This light-sensitive variant has a mutation in the chlM gene, and it can grow heterotrophically using acetate as a carbon source.ConclusionCompared to wild-type C. reinhardtii, A7S80 has significantly lower chlorophyll levels, reduced grassy flavor, and more diverse pigments, with considerable potential for commercial application in human and animal food production, as well as in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

Objective We explored risk factors for cognitive frailty in older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and diabetes mellitus to develop and verify a risk prediction model for cognitive frailty. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Convenience sampling was used to randomly select 378 patients hospitalized between February 2022 and December 2023. We allocated 265 patients who visited between February 2022 and February 2023 to a modeling group to analyze risk factors for cognitive frailty and create a logistic regression model for risk prediction. Another 113 patients who visited between March 2023 and December 2023 were included in a validation group for model verification. Results The cognitive frailty incidence in the 265 patients was 35.09% (93/265). Regression analysis showed that age >80 years (odds ratio [OR] = 4.576), regular exercise (OR = 0.390, polypharmacy (OR = 3.074), depression (OR = 2.395) duration of COPD combined with diabetes (OR = 1.902), Family APGAR index score (OR = 0.428), and chronic pain (OR = 2.156) were factors influencing the occurrence of cognitive frailty in older patients with COPD accompanied by diabetes. Conclusions The constructed risk prediction model for cognitive frailty in older patients with COPD and diabetes showed good predictive value, aiding in the clinical identification of high-risk patients and facilitating timely intervention and guidance.

Balancing mechanical and corrosion performance is a decisive factor in the use of high entropy and medium entropy alloys (H & MEAs) as advanced engineering structural materials. This study investigates the microstructure of Fe77.3-xMnxSi9.1Cr9.8C3.8 (x = 14, 23.2) HEAs by combining experiments and first-principles calculations to elucidate the effects of adjusting Mn content on the mechanical and corrosion properties of FCC and FCC + HCP phases. The results demonstrate that HEAs with low Mn content exhibit a single FCC phase, whereas increasing Mn content not only precipitates the HCP phase but also refines the grain size. The yield strength, compressive fracture strength, work hardening index, and plasticity of Fe77.3-xMnxSi9.1Cr9.8C3.8 (x = 14, 23.2 at.%) HEAs are 1300 and 1526 MPa, 2380 and 2332 MPa, 0.42 and 0.36, 16.7% and 16%, respectively. Both HEAs exhibit superior electrochemical and salt spray corrosion performance compared to 304 stainless steels, with the Fe63.3Mn14Si9.1Cr9.8C3.8 alloy performing the best, exhibiting a self-corrosion potential of −0.523V and a self-corrosion current density of 2.605 × 10−6 A cm−2. The excellent corrosion resistance of Fe63.3Mn14Si9.1Cr9.8C3.8 can be attributed to the moderate grain size, resulting in excellent passivation film characteristics, and the lower Mn content, leading to a higher Cr2O3 content in the passivation film. First-principles calculations reveal that Fe63.3Mn14Si9.1Cr9.8C3.8 has a lower density of states number at the Fermi level (i.e., Fe63.3Mn14Si9.1Cr9.8C3.8 is 214.145eV, Fe54.1Mn23.2Si9.1Cr9.8C3.8 is 337.077eV), a wider pseudogap width, higher work function (5.700ev, 5.189ev), and better stability. Additionally, there exists a strong trade-off between corrosion and mechanical properties due to the influence of the HCP phase and grain size.

Abstract Background Angiogenesis is a critical step in colorectal cancer growth, progression and metastasization. CT are routine imaging examinations for preoperative clinical evaluation in colorectal cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of preoperative CT enhancement rate (CER) and CT perfusion parameters on angiogenesis in colorectal cancer, as well as the association of preoperative CER and CT perfusion parameters with serum markers. Methods This retrospective analysis included 42 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Median of microvessel density (MVD) as the cut-off value, it divided 42 patients into high-density group (MVD ≥ 35/field, n = 24) and low-density group (MVD

Abstract Background Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) is an important complication in the perioperative period of coronary angiography (CAG). Dysglycemia is closely associated with the occurrence of CA-AKI. However, the association between stress hyperglycemia and CA-AKI in patients undergoing CAG remains unclear. The study aims to investigate the association of the stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) and CA-AKI under CAG in a large real-world cohort. Methods This was a retrospective observational study, and patients undergoing CAG were enrolled. SHR is calculated by dividing the random blood glucose with the estimated average glucose derived from the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and subjects were divided into five groups according to SHR. The outcome was CA-AKI defined as an increase in serum creatinine of ≥ 0.3 mg/dL (26.5 μmol/L) or 1.5-fold higher than normal levels in 48 h. The association was assessed with logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis. Results In 19,965 participants (men: 73.3%, mean age: 63.1 ± 10.8 years) undergoing CAG, a total of 1,621 CA-AKI cases occurred. There were reverse J-shaped associations between the SHR and CA-AKI after adjustment for other confounding factors. Moreover, SHR improved the predictive effectiveness of the traditional Mehran score (AUC 0.65 vs 0.63, P

Abstract Objective Evaluation of the predictive value of one-stop energy spectrum and perfusion CT parameters for microvessel density (MVD) in colorectal cancer cancer foci. Methods Clinical and CT data of 82 patients with colorectal cancer confirmed by preoperative colonoscopy or surgical pathology in our hospital from September 2019 to November 2022 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Energy spectrum CT images were measured using the Protocols general module of the GSI Viewer software of the GE AW 4.7 post-processing workstation to measure the CT values of the arterial and venous phase lesions and the neighboring normal intestinal wall in a single energy range of 40 kev∼140 kev, and the slopes of the energy spectrum curves (λ) were calculated between 40 kev-90 kev; Iodine concentration (IC), Water concentration (WC), Effective-Z (Eff-Z) and Normalized iodine concentration (NIC) were measured by placing a region of interest (ROI) on the iodine concentration map and water concentration map at the lesion and adjacent to the normal intestinal wall.Perfusion CT images were scanned continuously and dynamically using GSI Perfusion software and analyzed by applying CT Perfusion 4.0 software.Blood volume (BV), blood flow (BF), surface permeability (PS), time to peak (TTP), and mean transit time (MTT) were measured respectively in the lesion and adjacent normal colorectal wall. Based on the pathological findings, the tumors were divided into a low MVD group (MVD

Inspired by the ROF model and the $ {L}^{1}/TV $ image denoising model, we propose a combined model to remove Gaussian noise and salt-and-pepper noise simultaneously. This model combines the $ {L}^{1} $ -data fidelity term, $ {L}^{2} $ -data fidelity term and a fractional-order total variation regularization term, and is termed the $ {L}^{1}{L}^{2}/{TV}^{\alpha } $ model. We have used the proximity algorithm to solve the proposed model. Through this method, the non-differentiable term is solved by using the fixed-point equations of the proximity operator. The numerical experiments show that the proposed model can effectively remove Gaussian noise and salt and pepper noise through implementation of the proximity algorithm. As we varied the fractional order $ \alpha $ from 0.8 to 1.9 in increments of 0.1, we observed that different images correspond to different optimal values of α.

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) often necessitates cetuximab (an EGFR-targeting monoclonal antibody) for treatment. Despite its clinical utility, the specific operative mechanism of cetuximab remains elusive. This research investigated the influence of PLCB3, a potential CRC oncogene, on cetuximab treatment. We extracted differentially expressed genes from the GSE140973, the overlapping genes combined with 151 Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway-related genes were identified. Then, we conducted bioinformatics analysis to pinpoint the hub gene. Subsequently, we investigated the clinical expression characteristics of this hub gene, through cell experimental, scrutinized the impact of cetuximab and PLCB3 on CRC cellular progression. The study identified 26 overlapping genes. High expression of PLCB3, correlated with poorer prognosis. PLCB3 emerged as a significant oncogene associated with patient prognosis. In vitro tests revealed that cetuximab exerted a cytotoxic effect on CRC cells, with PLCB3 knockdown inhibiting CRC cell progression. Furthermore, cetuximab treatment led to a reduction in both β-catenin and PLCB3 expression, while simultaneously augmenting E-cadherin expression. These findings revealed PLCB3 promoted cetuximab inhibition on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Finally, simultaneous application of cetuximab with a Wnt activator (IM12) and PLCB3 demonstrated inhibited CRC proliferation, migration, and invasion. The study emphasized the pivotal role of PLCB3 in CRC and its potential to enhance the efficacy of cetuximab treatment. Furthermore, cetuximab suppressed Wnt/β-catenin pathway to modulate PLCB3 expression, thus inhibiting colorectal cancer progression. This study offered fresh perspectives on cetuximab mechanism in CRC.

The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome(EDS)is a rare inherent connective tissue disorder. The prevalence of EDS in the population is estimated at one out of ten thousand to one out of a hundred thousand. The vascular EDS(vEDS) are rare among the subtypes but are the worst in prognosis. The article reports a case of vEDS admitted to the hospital. The patient was a young man complaining of a sudden onset of aphasia in right hemiparalysis and severe left abdominal pain for unknown reasons. The diagnosis was made after the genetic testing. The patient suffered from vEDS. Then, the multi-disciplinary team(MDT)made a treatment plan tailored to this young patient. The complexity in classification and delusive presentations of the EDS make the correct diagnosis very challenging. This article hopes to report this case and to share the experiences to the better understanding of this disease.

Abstract Coding transcript-derived siRNAs (ct-siRNAs) produced from specific endogenous loci can suppress the translation of their source genes to balance plant growth and stress response. In this study, we generated Arabidopsis mutants with deficiencies in RNA decay and/or post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) pathways and performed comparative sRNA-seq analysis, revealing that multiple RNA decay and PTGS factors impede the ct-siRNA selective production. Genes that produce ct-siRNAs often show increased or unchanged expression and typically have higher GC content in sequence composition. The growth and development of plants can perturb the dynamic accumulation of ct-siRNAs from different gene loci. Two nitrate reductase genes, NIA1 and NIA2, produce massive amounts of 22-nt ct-siRNAs and are highly expressed in a subtype of mesophyll cells where DCL2 exhibits higher expression relative to DCL4, suggesting a potential role of cell-specific expression of ct-siRNAs. Overall, our findings unveil the multifaceted factors and features involved in the selective production and regulation of ct-siRNAs and enrich our understanding of gene silencing process in plants.

Abstract Background Rhubarb is one of common traditional Chinese medicine with a diverse array of therapeutic efficacies. Despite its widespread use, molecular research into rhubarb remains limited, constraining our comprehension of the geoherbalism. Results We assembled the genome of Rheum palmatum L., one of the source plants of rhubarb, to elucidate its genome evolution and unpack the biosynthetic pathways of its bioactive compounds using a combination of PacBio HiFi, Oxford Nanopore, Illumina, and Hi-C scaffolding approaches. Around 2.8 Gb genome was obtained after assembly with more than 99.9% sequences anchored to 11 pseudochromosomes (scaffold N50 = 259.19 Mb). Transposable elements (TE) with a continuous expansion of long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTRs) is predominant in genome size, contributing to the genome expansion of R. palmatum. Totally 30,480 genes were predicted to be protein-coding genes with 473 significantly expanded gene families enriched in diverse pathways associated with high-altitude adaptation for this species. Two successive rounds of whole genome duplication event (WGD) shared by Fagopyrum tataricum and R. palmatum were confirmed. We also identified 54 genes involved in anthraquinone biosynthesis and other 97 genes entangled in flavonoid biosynthesis. Notably, RpALS emerged as a compelling candidate gene for the octaketide biosynthesis after the key residual screening. Conclusion Overall, our findings offer not only an enhanced understanding of this remarkable medicinal plant but also pave the way for future innovations in its genetic breeding, molecular design, and functional genomic studies.

Abstract Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), an emerging Alpha-coronavirus, brings huge economic loss in swine industry. Interferons (IFNs) participate in a frontline antiviral defense mechanism triggering the activation of numerous downstream antiviral genes. Here, we demonstrated that TRIM25 overexpression significantly inhibited SADS-CoV replication, whereas TRIM25 deficiency markedly increased viral yield. We found that SADS-CoV N protein suppressed interferon-beta (IFN-β) production induced by Sendai virus (SeV) or poly(I:C). Moreover, we determined that SADS-CoV N protein interacted with RIG-I N-terminal two caspase activation and recruitment domains (2CARDs) and TRIM25 coiled-coil dimerization (CCD) domain. The interaction of SADS-CoV N protein with RIG-I and TRIM25 caused TRIM25 multimerization inhibition, the RIG-I-TRIM25 interaction disruption, and consequent the IRF3 and TBK1 phosphorylation impediment. Overexpression of SADS-CoV N protein facilitated the replication of VSV-GFP by suppressing IFN-β production. Our results demonstrate that SADS-CoV N suppresses the host IFN response, thus highlighting the significant involvement of TRIM25 in regulating antiviral immune defenses.

Abstract Metal-organic framework (MOF) glasses are an emerging class of glasses which complement traditional inorganic, organic and metallic counterparts due to their hybrid nature. Although a few zeolitic imidazolate frameworks have been made into glasses, how to melt and quench the largest subclass of MOFs, metal carboxylate frameworks, into glasses remains challenging. Here, we develop a strategy by grafting the zwitterions on the carboxylate ligands and incorporating organic acids in the framework channels to enable the glass formation. The charge delocalization of zwitterion-acid subsystem and the densely filled channels facilitate the coordination bonding mismatch and thus reduce the melting temperature. Following melt-quenching realizes the glass formation of a family of carboxylate MOFs (UiO-67, UiO-68 and DUT-5), which are usually believed to be un-meltable. Our work opens up an avenue for melt-quenching porous molecular solids into glasses.

Pancreatic cancer, one of the most aggressive malignancies, has no effective treatment due to the lack of targets and drugs related to tumour metastasis. SIRT6 can promote the migration of pancreatic cancer and could be a potential target for antimetastasis of pancreatic cancer. However, highly selective and potency SIRT6 inhibitor that can be used in vivo is yet to be discovered. Here, we developed a novel SIRT6 allosteric inhibitor, compound 11e, with maximal inhibitory potency and an IC50 value of 0.98 ± 0.13 μmol/L. Moreover, compound 11e exhibited significant selectivity against other histone deacetylases (HADC1‒11 and SIRT1‒3) at concentrations up to 100 μmol/L. The allosteric site and the molecular mechanism of inhibition were extensively elucidated by cocrystal complex structure and dynamic structural analyses. Importantly, we confirmed the antimetastatic function of such inhibitors in four pancreatic cancer cell lines as well as in two mouse models of pancreatic cancer liver metastasis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal the in vivo effects of SIRT6 inhibitors on liver metastatic pancreatic cancer. It not only provides a promising lead compound for subsequent inhibitor development targeting SIRT6 but also provides a potential approach to address the challenge of metastasis in pancreatic cancer.

Researchers have been challenged to improve the protective performance of composite armor materials. Herein, pure Al and Cu foils were used as raw materials and composited concurrently using ultrasonic additive manufacturing technology to study their microstructure and properties. A scanning electron microscope and universal testing machine were used to systematically study the microstructure and tensile properties of the material. Furthermore, the dynamic mechanical properties were investigated using Hopkinson rods, and the propagation law of shock waves in laminated composites was explored based on the theory of propagation of one-dimensional elastic waves in cyclic layered media. The results showed that ultrasonic solidification of the Al/Cu stacked composite interface between the generation revealed no new phases, and the mechanical bonding in the tensile experiment exhibited a maximum tensile strength of 167 MPa for the Al/Cu stacked composites. In the dynamic impact experiment, with the increase of air pressure, the strength of the material also increases, and its compressive strength can reach up to 813 MPa, while the energy absorption efficiency decreases, and the energy absorption efficiency can reach up to 80%. Analysis of the attenuation process of the shock wave in the laminated composites revealed that reaching five cyclic layers of the Al/Cu laminated composites reduced the intensity attenuation ratio can reach 63% of the total number of circulating layers, and the energy attenuation ratio can reach 77% of the total number of circulating layers, thus reaching an overall optimum material performance.

Bacterial infections pose considerable health risks, emphasising the critical need for effective and biocompatible antibacterial drugs. Considerably, we developed an efficient antimicrobial system incorporating the combined potential of high-frequency ultrasound and antimicrobial drugs against bacterial infections. A ZnO–kaolinite (Kaol) composite with antibacterial properties was synthesised by growing ZnO on the Kaol nano-clay surface using the co-precipitation method. High-frequency ultrasound efficiently promotes the release of Zn2+, which enhances the antibacterial properties. Furthermore, in-depth in vitro antibacterial studies and bacterial live/dead staining experiments validate the exceptionally high antibacterial performance of the composite. Therefore, owing to the synergistic effects of high-frequency ultrasound and antibacterial properties, the as-prepared novel antibacterial composite is a promising potential substitute for conventional antibacterial agents.

Background Preeclampsia and eclampsia are severe pregnancy disorders marked by hypertension and potential organ damage. The etiological basis of preeclampsia and eclampsia is not fully understood. Previous studies have revealed a link between sleep abnormality and preeclampsia/eclampsia, but the causal relationship remains unclear. In this study, we explored the genetic links between sleep and preeclampsia/eclampsia using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.Methods RNA sequence dataset GSE114691 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, comprising placental tissues from patients with preeclampsia and controls. Differential expression analysis was conducted with R (v4.2.3) and DESeq2 (v1.38.3). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was carried out using HTSanalyzeR2. GWAS summary data on preeclampsia/eclampsia and genetic markers for sleep abnormality were sourced from the FinnGen Consortium and IEU genetic databases. The Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted with TwoSampleMR (v0.6.2), and the inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach was employed as the principal method.Results GSEA analysis revealed that the orexin receptor pathway showed heightened expression in the preeclampsia group versus controls. The random-effects IVW results showed that sleeplessness/insomnia has a genetic causal relationship with preeclampsia (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.07–4.06, p = 0.0318), while sleep duration has evidence of regulating eclampsia (OR = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.01–0.67, p = 0.0187).Conclusion This study provides significant evidence for a genetic causal association between sleep abnormalities and preeclampsia/eclampsia. [Figure: see text]

BackgroundPaper mulberry is a promising alternative fodder source due to its high protein and the abundance of active components. However, paper mulberry often faces susceptibility to contamination during silage fermentation, and there is a need to improve the quality of silage fermentation of paper mulberry through exotic additives. Sea buckthorn pomace (BP) is a feed additive containing antimicrobial and antioxidant substances that help to enhance silage fermentation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of BP and Lactiplantibacillus as additives on silage fermentation and bacterial community of paper mulberry.ResultsThe results showed that BP and Lactiplantibacillus significantly reduced the pH and ammonium nitrogen content of paper mulberry silage (P < 0.05) and significantly increased the content of lactic acid and acetic acid (P < 0.05), resulting in more residual water-soluble carbohydrate and crude protein contents and less fiber content relative to the control. The key microorganisms in paper mulberry silage fermentation are Lactiplantibacillus pentosus and Weissella cibaria. Among these, Lactiplantibacillus favored a rapid increase in Lactiplantibacillus pentosus abundance during the pre-silage fermentation period, whereas BP favored the promotion of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus growth, resulting in higher contents of lactic and acetic acid than those of the control.ConclusionsSimultaneously adding Lactiplantibacillus and BP can effectively improve the quality of paper mulberry silage and increase the abundance of beneficial microorganisms in paper mulberry silage.

BackgroundVascular dementia (VaD) is one of the most prevalent, burdensome, and costly forms of dementia. Pharmacological treatment is often the first-line choice for clinicians; however, there is a paucity of comparative information regarding the multiple available drug options.Methods and AnalysisA systematic review and network meta-analysis were conducted on randomized trials involving adult patients with VaD, sourced from PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, OPENGREY, ClinicalTrials.gov, Wanfang Data, and CNKI. The primary outcomes included changes in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, activities of daily living (ADL) scores, and the incidence of adverse reactions. Efficacy and safety of intervention strategies were comprehensively analyzed using forest plots, cumulative ranking probability curves (SUCRA), and funnel plots, all generated with R software.ResultsA total of 194 RCTs comparing 21 different anti-VaD drugs with placebos or no treatment were analysed. Regarding MMSE scores, the five most effective drugs were Butylphthalide, Huperzine A, Edaravone, Rivastigmine, and Memantine. For ADL scores, the top five drugs in efficacy were Huperzine A, Butylphthalide, Tianzhi granule, Nicergoline, and Idebenone. In terms of the incidence of adverse drug reactions, Co-dergocrine Mesylate, Tongxinluo capsule, Butylphthalide, Piracetam, and Oxiracetam demonstrated favourable safety profiles.ConclusionThis study enhances the understanding of the relative benefits and risks associated with various VaD treatments, providing a valuable reference for clinical decision-making.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier registration number.

Objectives To seek a triple combination of biomarkers for early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone metabolic disorder and to explore the diagnostic efficacy of β2-microglobulin, parathyroid hormone and blood urea nitrogen in chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone metabolic disorder.Participants We collected medical records of 864 patients with chronic kidney disease (without direct contact with patients) and divided them into two groups based on the renal bone disease manifestations of all patients.Primary and secondary outcome measures There were 148 and 716 subjects in the Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone metabolic disorder and the control groups, respectively. The aggregated data included basic information and various clinical laboratory indicators, such as blood lipid profile, antibody and electrolyte levels, along with renal function-related indicators.Results It was observed that most renal osteopathy occurs in the later stages of chronic kidney disease. In the comparison of two clinical laboratory indicators, 16 factors were selected for curve analysis and compared. We discovered that factors with high diagnostic values were β2-microglobulin, parathyroid hormone and blood urea nitrogen.Conclusions The triple combination of β2-microglobulin+parathyroid hormone+blood urea nitrogen indicators can play the crucial role of a sensitive indicator for the early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone metabolic disorder and in preventing or delaying the progress of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone metabolic disorder.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is associated with severe enteritis, which contributes to high mortality in piglets. The aim of this study was to describe molecular mechanisms associated with proinflammatory cytokine(s) production during PEDV infection. We showed that infection of porcine intestine epithelial cell clone J2 (IPEC-J2) with PEDV induces a gradual increase in interleukin 8 (IL-8) production at different time points, as well as infection of Vero E6 with PEDV. The secretion of IL-8 in these two cell lines infected with PEDV is related to the activation of NF-κB. Furthermore, the cells expressing PEDV M or E protein can induce the upregulation of IL-8. These findings suggest that the IL-8 production can be the initiator of inflammatory response by the host cells upon PEDV infection.

Colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD) is a significant cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, necessitating the identification of novel therapeutic targets and treatments. This research aimed to investigate the role of ARL3 in COAD progression and to explore the effects of Piperine on ARL3 expression, cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Bioinformatics analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-COAD, GSE39582, and GSE44861 datasets assessed ARL3 expression levels. Immunohistochemical data from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database confirmed ARL3 overexpression in COAD. The association of ARL3 with COAD clinical parameters and prognosis was also examined. COAD cells were treated with Piperine, and in vitro assays evaluated cell proliferation, apoptosis, EMT marker expression, and ER stress responses. ARL3 overexpression in COAD correlated with poor prognosis and varied across pathological stages. Piperine treatment inhibited COAD cell proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, as indicated by reduced Ki-67 levels and decreased colony-forming ability. Piperine induced S-phase cell cycle arrest and facilitated apoptosis in COAD cells, evidenced by changes in Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) levels. Moreover, Piperine downregulated ARL3 expression in COAD cells, thereby suppressing transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-induced EMT. Additionally, Piperine attenuated the ARL3-mediated ER stress response, significantly reducing binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (p-IRE1α), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) levels. Piperine exerted anti-cancer effects in COAD by modulating ARL3 expression, disrupting cell cycle progression, inhibiting the EMT pathway, and regulating ER stress. These findings suggest that Piperine holds promise as a therapeutic agent for COAD through its targeting of ARL3.

With global warming, the winter oilseed rape planting area in Northwest China is gradually increasing. It is vital to address the problems faced by winter oilseed rape cultivation in this region, such as low winter temperature, water shortage and low resources utilization efficiency. To explore the coupling effects of supplementary irrigation level and nitrogen (N) application rate on winter oilseed rape growth, water and N use efficiency, and determine the multi-objective optimal water-N management strategies, a two-year field experiment was conducted (2020–2021 and 2021–2022). The experiments included three supplementary irrigation levels (I0: rainfed; I1: supplementary irrigation at overwintering stage; I2: supplementary irrigation at overwintering and budding stages) and five N application rates (N0: 0 kg/hm2; N1: 120 kg/hm2; N2: 200 kg/hm2; N3: 280 kg/hm2; N4: 360 kg/hm2). The results showed that supplementary irrigation at overwintering and budding stages (I2) can improve the physiological growth indexes, N accumulation and utilization, main quality indexes, and yield of winter oilseed rape. Under I2, LAI, aboveground biomass, chlorophyll content, water use efficiency, N accumulation, N agronomy efficiency and yield of winter oilseed rape first increased and then decreased as N application rate increased, and all reached maximized at medium levels of N application rate (N2 or N3). Under the same irrigation level, the oil content of grain decreased as N application rate increased, while the protein and thioside acid content increased. Based on the TOPSIS with Nash equilibrium-combination weighting method, the multi-objective optimal strategies were determined to be the combination of supplementary irrigation at overwintering and budding stages (I2) and N application rate of 200 kg/hm2 (N2). This method overcomes the limitations of subjective and objective weighting methods, and made the evaluation results more reasonable. The finding can provide a reference for the application of water and N application in winter oilseed rape production in semi-arid areas of Northwest China and other regions with similar environments.

The use of the thermostatic metal bath is becoming more and more extensive and the requirements for its precision and reliability are also increasing. To meet the needs of the metal bath calibration, a 12-channel thermostatic metal bath temperature field calibration system based on a four-wire PT100 has been designed. The system design includes a front-end temperature measurement component, which consists of a four-wire PT100 and a thermostatic block, and a signal processing component, which consists of a bidirectional constant current source excitation unit, a signal conditioning unit and a high-precision acquisition unit. The STM32f407 is used as the main control chip, and the analog channel selector is used for 12-channel selection. The constant current source is used for signal excitation, the proportional method is used to measure the PT100 resistance, and an acquisition circuit with a high-precision 32-bit ADS1263 analog-to-digital converter is used to amplify, filter and convert the analog signal. After piecewise linear fitting and system calibration, the temperature measurement accuracy can reach 0.4 mK, which meets the calibration requirements of the thermostatic metal bath.

Abstract Background Mild fetal ventriculomegaly (VM) is a nonspecific finding common to several pathologies with varying prognosis and is, therefore, a challenge in fetal consultation. We aimed to perform a constant, detailed analysis of prenatal findings and postnatal outcomes in fetuses with early-onset and late-onset mild ventriculomegaly, and provide a new evidence basis and new perspective for prenatal counseling. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of women with a diagnosis of mild fetal VM between January 2018 and October 2020. The population was divided into two groups according to the gestational ages (GAs) at initial diagnosis: the early-onset group (diagnosed at/before 24+6 weeks) and the late-onset group (diagnosed after 24+6 weeks). Clinical data and pregnancy outcomes were obtained from hospital records. The children’s neurodevelopment status was assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition (ASQ-3) and telephone interviews. Results Our study cohort comprised 324 fetuses, out of which 94 (29%) were classified as early-onset group and 230 (71%) late-onset group. Early-onset group was more likely to have concurrent additional abnormalities, whereas in the late-onset group, isolated enlargement was more common (P = 0.01). Unilateral enlargement was more common in the late-onset group (P = 0.05), and symmetrical enlargement in the early-onset group (P

Changes in land use and land cover (LULC) are critical for evaluating global spatiotemporal trends, especially regarding climate change and urbanization. This study investigates the dynamics of Landsat surface temperature (LST) in response to LULC changes and their effects on the seasonal microclimate in Kasur District, Pakistan. Using the Google Earth Engine platform, we employed a random forest algorithm to detect LULC changes (cropland, forest, built-up, fallow, barren, and water) and analyze seasonal spectral indices from Landsat imagery for 1988, 2002, and 2022. Significant LULC changes were observed, including a 9.8% increase in built-up areas, a 4.2% decrease in cropland, and a 1.4% decrease in forested areas, linked to urban heat island effects and population growth. Additionally, there was a 2.7% increase in fallow and open land, contributing to the district's impervious surface area. Significant correlations (p < 0.001) were found between LST and spectral indices—normalized difference vegetation index, enhanced vegetation index, and normalized difference built index (NDBI)—ranging from 0.7 to 0.8 in both winter and summer. In summer, the maximum LST increased from 43 °C in 1988 to 44 °C in 2002, with a linear correlation (R²) increase from 0.57 to 0.75 and a polynomial correlation (R²) increase from 0.63 to 0.76 with NDBI from 1988 to 2022. Understanding these dynamics is crucial as LULC changes and the resulting temperature variations have significant implications for local climate, agriculture, and human health. This study underscores the need for effective LULC policies to mitigate impacts, protect vegetation cover, and ensure sustainable land management. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and urban planners aiming to balance development with environmental sustainability.

In non-cooperative communication systems such as radio spectrum resource regulation and modern electronic warfare, automatic modulation recognition is a key technology. Traditional modulation recognition methods mainly rely on manual feature extraction, decision theory, and recognition selection. The Deep Leaning (DL) algorithm automatically obtains signal features directly from massive data, and realizes feature extraction and recognition at the same time. However, most of the research on DL-AMR methods focuses on single input single output (SISO) systems, while there are few studies on DL-AMR methods in multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) systems, so the integration of deep learning models into modulation recognition of MIMO systems has attracted the attention of many researchers. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of modulation recognition methods for MIMOsystems based on DL. Firstly, the basic theory of MIMO and its derivative systems and modulation recognition is introduced in detail, then the traditional modulation recognition algorithms and deep learning-based modulation recognition algorithms of MIMO systems are introduced, and finally, on the basis of discussion and summary, the problems to be solved, the challenges and potential research directions are proposed.

Wood is one of the energy sources for sustainable development, which is closely related to our life. In the wood production process, it will be sorted according to different diameter grade is an essential link, at present the wood sorting work mainly rely on manual completion, not only low efficiency, high cost, and cannot meet the automated era of production needs. In this paper, a wood diameter level automatic sorting system is designed, first of all, using computer vision technology to measure the diameter of the wood section in real time, then the diameter data is transmitted to the PLC control system, and finally the PLC control system pushes out the wood in the specified position, realizing the automated on-line sorting of wood. In addition, a wood diameter measurement method based on deep learning combined with binocular vision is proposed, which can quickly and accurately recognize the diameter of each piece of wood, and provides a solid foundation for the efficient performance of the automatic wood diameter grade sorting system. The experimental results show that the measurement method proposed in this paper has high robustness and the maximum error is within 5mm, which meets the accuracy requirements needed for sorting, and the sorting system can sort 10 pieces of wood per minute on average, which greatly improves the efficiency of wood sorting and reduces the labor workload and cost, and the research design is of great significance to the wood production and manufacturing industry.

The design and application of carborane polypeptide derivatives have attracted more and more attention, especially as boron carrier in the treatment of malignant tumors(BNCT). BNCT uses 10B to react with neutron capture, releasing alpha particles that kill tumor cells. As a binary targeted therapy, the key to its success is the targeting and affinity effect of boron carriers. At present, how to design more efficient boron carriers is the main problem in the development of BNCT. Polypeptides, as biological essential substances, can be taken up specifically by tumors while increasing the targeting of their derivatives, which is a great advantage of carbborane polypeptide compounds as boron carriers. In this paper, the reported carbborane polypeptide derivatives are classified and summarized for the first time, and the development potential as boron carriers for neutron capture therapy is evaluated. The summary of carbborane containing polypeptide derivatives will provide research impetus for the development of a new generation of boron carriers designed for neutron capture therapy.

The surface roughness can be reduced by increasing the forward-tilt angle of polishing process. It is of great significance to explore the influence law of the forward-tilt angle on the quality of the polished surface to improve the polishing efficiency of the blisk blade. In this paper, the surface roughness of the polished TC4 blisk blades polished by the belt flapwheel with a grain size of P400-P1200 under different polishing times and different forward-tilt angles was obtained through the forward-tilting polishing experiment. The experimental results show that the roughness of the polished surface decreases with the increase of the forward-tilt angle. Then the mechanism of the influence of the change of the forward-tilt angle on the quality of the polished surface was analyzed from multiple aspects. By quantifying the polishing efficiency, the variation law of the polishing efficiency of the belt flapwheel with various grain sizes with the forward-tilt angle was studied, and the optimal forward-tilt angle was obtained. On this basis, the polishing process planning with the optimal polishing efficiency was carried out, and verified by polishing experiments. The experimental results show that the optimized polishing process planning can obtain qualified surface roughness in fewer processes, which verifies the reliability of the polishing process planning results. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the optimization of the belt flapwheel polishing process for TC4 blisk blades.

Amyloid nanofibrils (ANFs) are supramolecular polymers originally classified as pathological markers in various human degenerative diseases. However, in recent years, ANFs have garnered greater interest and are regarded as nature-based sustainable biomaterials in environmental science, material engineering, and nanotechnology. On a laboratory scale, ANFs can be produced from food proteins via protein unfolding, misfolding, and hydrolysis. Furthermore, ANFs have specific structural characteristics such as a high aspect ratio, good rigidity, chemical stability, and a controllable sequence. These properties make them a promising functional material in water decontamination research. As a result, the fabrication and application of ANFs and their composites in water purification have recently gained considerable attention. Despite the large amount of literature in this field, there is a lack of systematic review to assess the gap in using ANFs and their composites to remove contaminants from water. This review discusses significant advancements in design techniques as well as the physicochemical properties of ANFs-based composites. We also emphasize the current progress in using ANFs-based composites to remove inorganic, organic, and biological contaminants. The interaction mechanisms between ANFs-based composites and contaminants are also highlighted. Finally, we illustrate the challenges and opportunities associated with the future preparation and application of ANFs-based composites. We anticipate that this review will shed new light on the future design and use of ANFs-based composites.

Background: In March 2022, a severe outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant occurred in Shanghai. This study aimed to determine disease severity, clinical features, clinical outcome in hospitalized patients with the Omicron variant and evaluate the effectiveness of one-dose, two-dose, and three-dose inactivated vaccines in reducing viral loads, disease course, ICU admissions and severe diseases. Methods: Retrospective cohort analysis was performed on 5,170 adult patients (≥18 years) identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positive with Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction admitted at Shanghai Medical Center for Gerontology between March 2022 and June 2022. Demographic information, laboratory data, immunization status, clinical characteristics and outcomes were extracted from electronic medical records. Results: Among 5,170 enrolled patients, the median age was 53 years, and 2,861 (55.3 %) were male. 71.0 % were mild COVID-19 cases, and cough (1,137 [22.0 %]), fever (592 [11.5 %]), sore throat (510 [9.9 %]), and fatigue (334 [6.5 %]) were the most common symptoms on the patient’s first admission. The median length of hospital stay was 8.7 ± 4.5 days. In multivariate logistic analysis, booster vaccination can significantly reduce ICU admissions and decrease the severity of COVID-19 outcome when compared with less doses of vaccine (OR = 0.75, 95 %CI, 0.62–0.91, P ≤ 0.005; OR = 0.99, 95 %CI, 0.99–1.00, p

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a significant global health burden with limited treatment options. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of SLC30A2, a zinc transporter, in GC development and its capacity as a target for therapy. Methods: A comprehensive analysis of GC datasets (GSE54129 and stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)) was conducted using bioinformatics tools to examine differential gene expression, focusing on SLC30A2. Functional assays, including Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell assays, were carried out on GC cell lines to determine the impact of SLC30A2 knockdown on cell behavior. Flow cytometry was utilized to quantitatively observe cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression. The impact of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) on GC cells was evaluated by detecting apoptosis markers, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activity, and oxidative stress biomarkers, focusing on the regulatory effect of SLC30A2 overexpression. Results: Our analysis revealed significant upregulation of SLC30A2 in GC samples compared to normal samples, and high SLC30A2 expression was linked to poor prognosis. SLC30A2 knockdown repressed proliferation, invasion, and migration of GC cells, induced apoptosis, as well as arrested the cell cycle. Additionally, ZnSO4 treatment induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in GC cells, while SLC30A2 overexpression rescued ZnSO4-induced, migration, invasion, and proliferation. Moreover, ZnSO4 had been shown to bolster apoptosis and trigger the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, effects which were mitigated by the overexpression of SLC30A2. Conclusion: Our results implied that SLC30A2 was essential for GC progression by modulating zinc homeostasis and cellular processes. Targeting SLC30A2 or zinc signaling may represent a potential therapeutic approach for GC treatment.

Work-related use of information and communication technologies after-hours (W_ICTs) blurs the boundaries between work and non-work domains, representing a typical boundary-crossing behavior that affects employees' lives and organizational development. Drawing on the Job Demands-Resources theory, this study develops a dynamic curvilinear model of the impact of W_ICTs on work procrastination, considering intrinsic motivation (self-efficacy and enjoyment) and regulatory focus (prevention focus). Empirical testing of the research hypotheses is conducted through a survey involving 817 employees with standard working hours (e.g. 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.). The results indicate that W_ICTs can be regarded as both inhibitors and promoters, with a U-shaped impact on work procrastination and an inverted U-shaped effect on self-efficacy and enjoyment. The mediating roles of self-efficacy and enjoyment are significant. Moreover, prevention focus moderates the relationship between W_ICTs and enjoyment, whereas the moderating effect between W_ICTs and self-efficacy is insignificant. This dynamic curvilinear relationship may explain the inconsistent results of prior studies regarding the relationship between W_ICTs and employees' negative behaviors. It contributes to expanding research on the outcomes of W_ICTs and the antecedents of work procrastination. Moreover, the proposed influence mechanism between W_ICTs and work procrastination has not been established from the perspective of intrinsic motivation and prevention focus. Hence, this study responds to scholars’ calls and adds to the existing research on how W_ICTs affect work procrastination. These research findings enhance the current understanding of the effects of W_ICTs and offer valuable insights for organizations to effectively manage W_ICTs and address work procrastination behavior in practice.

IntroductionDeep learning-based methods can promote and save critical time for the diagnosis of pneumonia from computed tomography (CT) images of the chest, where the methods usually rely on large amounts of labeled data to learn good visual representations. However, medical images are difficult to obtain and need to be labeled by professional radiologists.MethodsTo address this issue, a novel contrastive learning model with token projection, namely CoTP, is proposed for improving the diagnostic quality of few-shot chest CT images. Specifically, (1) we utilize solely unlabeled data for fitting CoTP, along with a small number of labeled samples for fine-tuning, (2) we present a new Omicron dataset and modify the data augmentation strategy, i.e., random Poisson noise perturbation for the CT interpretation task, and (3) token projection is utilized to further improve the quality of the global visual representations.ResultsThe ResNet50 pre-trained by CoTP attained accuracy (ACC) of 92.35%, sensitivity (SEN) of 92.96%, precision (PRE) of 91.54%, and the area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 98.90% on the presented Omicron dataset. On the contrary, the ResNet50 without pre-training achieved ACC, SEN, PRE, and AUC of 77.61, 77.90, 76.69, and 85.66%, respectively.ConclusionExtensive experiments reveal that a model pre-trained by CoTP greatly outperforms that without pre-training. The CoTP can improve the efficacy of diagnosis and reduce the heavy workload of radiologists for screening of Omicron pneumonia.