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In oral infectious diseases, the imbalance of oral microorganisms is considered a primary factor， however, the extent of periodontal tissue destruction is determined by the interaction between microbiota and the host immune response. Pyroptosis, a crucial innate immune response, plays a significant role in the onset and progression of oral infectious diseases. This paper reviews the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis, the pyroptosis pathways triggered by various oral microorganisms, and the pathophysiological mechanisms of tissue destruction. The aim is to offer novel insights for the prevention and treatment of oral infectious diseases.

Abstract Background Early-onset pharyngeal airway collapse (PAC) in infants, which presents with onset within 6-months old is relatively rare. This disease has not been given enough attention in clinic. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical features, endoscopic findings and outcomes of early-onset PAC in infants. Methods The children of PAC with onset within 6-months old were included. A retrospective study was conducted. Results (1) Total 26 cases were included. The age of onset was neonatal period in 20 cases, 1 to 3-months old in 5 cases, and 4 to 6-months old in 1 case. (2) The main clinical manifestations were noisy breathing (26/26), suprasternal retraction (18/26), snoring (14/26) and hypoxic episode (13/26). (3) Based on the endoscopic findings, collapse at the retropalatal level was most common (24/26). (4) Twelve cases underwent pharyngolaryngeal CT examination, which revealed abnormal findings in 7 cases. (5) Fifteen cases were accompanied with the other airway malformations. (6) In the group with comorbidities of cerebral impairment or craniofacial abnormalities, 1 case was lost to follow up, 4 cases died, and 10 cases survived, in which 9 cases had neurodevelopmental disorders. In the group without comorbidities, 2 cases were lost to follow up, 9 cases survived, in which 1 case had neurodevelopmental disorders. The incidence of poor prognosis including death and neurodevelopmental disorders was significantly higher in the group with comorbidities than that without comorbidities (P

Teaching online physical education courses under the epidemic normalization plays a positive role in students’ physical fitness. In this paper, taking 308 college students of X Sports College as a research case, personalized recommendation of physical education online teaching courses is carried out through a user collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm based on fuzzy clustering and user interests. The model of sports skill action development is constructed based on the mountain peak model and hourglass model, and the exercise intensity of the initial exercise is modified according to the results of home exercise intensity adjustment to obtain a personalized home exercise program suitable for individuals. Finally, the effectiveness of the home exercise optimization program was verified through the analysis of teaching constraints and exercise effects. The results show that under the epidemic normality, the difference between the demonstration movements and the test results in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd optimized teaching phases is between ±5.86, which is closer to the value of each index of the demonstration movements, indicating that the optimization and adjustment scheme of the home exercise of the physical education network teaching course has good effects. This paper has reference value for universities to conduct online teaching and training of university physical education courses in the context of major public health emergencies.

Isodon Japonicus (IJ) has historically been widely used as herbal functional food. To date, there has been no publication regarding the hypoglycemic mechanism of IJ. This study was to study the hypoglycemic ingredients and mechanisms of IJ. The network pharmacology method was used to explore the ingredient-target-pathway relationship. There were 11 hypoglycemic ingredients, 12 hypoglycemic targets, and 130 signaling pathways for IJ on diabetes. To confirm the hypoglycemic impacts, cell tests and animal experiments were jointly carried out. With the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated by water extract (0.06–2.00 g/L) and alcohol extract (0.06–2.00 g/L) of IJ, the cell viability in the water extract group (0.06–2.00 g/L) and the alcohol extract group (0.25–2.00 g/L) showed significant viability compared to that of the model group (P

This review investigates the significant challenges of the process of livestock manure composting in cold regions and assesses the critical features related to the quality of the final compost product. Recently, the composting process has grasped more attention because of environmental pollution concerns and seeks for environmentally-sound approaches for managing livestock manure. Despite recent progress in crucial areas like the microbiology of compost, further improvement is needed in composting process monitoring. Therefore, specific obstacles related to livestock manure composting in cold regions, such as the generation and preservation of temperature, and the solution of obstacles such as inoculation of coldadapted microorganisms, and the role of biochar in prolonging the thermophilic stage of composting were reviewed. Also, the challenges were adequately addressed, and promising strategies to improve composting of livestock manure under harsh conditions were proposed. Still, there is a need for more investigation to get a better understanding of the role of microbial inoculants and biochar amendment regarding the start-up of the composting process in cold regions.

Neuroglial cells have a high level of plasticity, and many types of these cells are present in the nervous system. Neuroglial cells provide diverse therapeutic targets for neurological diseases and injury repair. Cell reprogramming technology provides an efficient pathway for cell transformation during neural regeneration, while transcription factor-mediated reprogramming can facilitate the understanding of how neuroglial cells mature into functional neurons and promote neurological function recovery.

Background Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major food crop worldwide. Low soil phosphorus content and drought are the main constraints on wheat production in Xinjiang, China. Methods In this study, the ionic and metabolic responses of one wheat variety (“Xindong20”) to drought stress simulated by using polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000) were investigated under low phosphorus (LP) and conventional phosphorus (CP) conditions by analysing wheat mineral elements and metabolites. Besides, due to xanthohumol was the metabolite with the most significant difference in expression detected in “Xindong 20”, two wheat variety “Xindong20 and Xindong 23” were selected to conduct the germination test simultaneously, to further verify the function of xanthohumol in wheat growth. Xanthohumol was mixed with PEG solution (20%) to prepare PEG solutions with different concentrations (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%) of xanthohumol. Then wheat grains were soaked in the solutions for 20 hours, followed by a germination test. After 7 days, the indicators including shoot length, max root length, and root number were determined to identify whether the metabolite was beneficial to improve the drought tolerance of wheat. Results The results showed that the root density and volume of wheat in LP treatment were higher than those in CP treatment. The roots underwent programmed cell death both in LP and CP treatments under PEG-6000-simulated drought stress, however, the DNA degradation in root cells in LP treatment was lower than that in CP treatment after rehydration for 3 d. Before drought stress, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in shoot and the peroxidase (POD) activity in root in LP treatment were significantly higher than those in CP treatment, while the soluble sugar content and chlorophyll content in LP treatment were significantly lower than those in CP treatment. During drought stress, the POD activity maintained at a high level and the soluble sugar content gradually increased in LP treatment. After rehydration, the MDA content still maintained at a high level in LP treatment, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased, and the contents of soluble sugar and chlorophyll were significantly higher than those in CP treatment. The analysis of mineral elements and metabolites showed that the wheat in CP treatment was more sensitive to drought stress than that in LP treatment. Besides, the effect of drought stress was greater on shoot than on root in CP treatment, while it was opposite in LP treatment. The effect of drought stress on sugar metabolism gradually increased. Germination assays showed that 0.1% exogenous xanthohumol addition could significantly increase the shoot length of the two wheat varieties under drought stress. Conclusion Appropriate low phosphorus supply could increase antioxidant enzyme activity in wheat, and enhance sugar metabolism to regulate osmotic balance, as well as the accumulation of various organic acids to maintain the intracellular ion homeostasis. Therefore, compared to the conventional phosphorus supply level, appropriate low phosphorus supply can significantly improve the drought tolerance of wheat. Additionally, addition of 0.1% exogenous xanthohumol, an important differential expressed metabolite in drought-stressed wheat, could effectively promote wheat shoot growth under drought stress.

Background and ObjectiveInterstitial lung disease with lung cancer (ILD-LC) is rare and its management has not been fully described. This study aimed to investigate the management and prognosis of ILD-LC patients in China.MethodsThe present analysis is a retrospective real-world cohort study. Clinical data of ILD-LC patients were obtained from 3 hospitals in China. The overall survival (OS) of patients was analyzed. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed.ResultsOne hundred eighty-four ILD-LC patients included were biased toward male (85.3%), smokers (75.5%), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (58.2%) patients with comorbidities (67.9%) and ECOG-PS score of 1 (65.2%). Most patients were advanced peripheral non-small cell lung cancer. The initial anti-cancer regimen for ILD-LC is mainly chemotherapy, and patients with early-stage LC prefer surgery. In the anti-cancer cohort, the number of ILD-LC patients who underwent the 2nd and 3rd or more anti-cancer regimens were 78 (55.7%) and 32 (22.8%), respectively. In the non-anticancer cohort, the median OS was 3.5 months. In the early-stage cohort, the median OS was 14.2 months in the systematic therapy group; however, the median OS was not reached in the surgery group. In the advanced-stage cohort with systematic therapy, the median OS was 7.2 months. Interstitial pneumonia (IIP) and anti-angiogenesis were associated with OS in the univariate analysis, whereas anti-angiogenesis was an independent protective factor for advanced LC with ILD.ConclusionPatients with ILD-LC have very poor prognosis. Appropriate anti-tumor treatment can prolong the survival time of patients who can tolerate it. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are alternative treatments for LC patients with mild ILD. For ILD patients with advanced LC, antiangiogenic regimens significantly improve the prognosis of the disease.

In this study, Hydroponic endivia with completely decomposed distiller’s grains, tea residue and extraction of commercial organic manure were applied to study its effects on growth and nutritional quality of endivia, as compared with modified Hoagland nutrient. The results showed that the root-shoot ratio of endivia under all treatment conditions was higher than that in CK group. Among them, treatment Ⅳ exhibited best improve efficiency; the treatment of Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ were beneficial to reduce the nitrate content. The treatment Ⅰ significantly increased the content of VC and soluble sugar. The soluble protein content of treatment Ⅴ was the highest. Above all, the application of tea residue and commercial organic fertilizer extracts in the actual production of hydroponic lettuce needs further and deeper research.