Search

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) outperform lithium-ion batteries in the aspect of energy density as they use lithium metal as the anode that has extremely high energy density and low potential. However, the development of LMBs is hampered by uncontrollable Li plating morphology and inferior Coulombic efficiency (CE) during cycling. In the past decade, electrolyte development has been recognized as one of the most effective strategies to tackle these two challenges. Much progress has been made through designing advanced electrolytes, especially ether-based electrolytes, in developing LMBs. Herein, we focus on summarizing the use of additives in ether-based electrolytes to enable high-performance LMBs. The impact of additives in electrolytes on lithium metal anode (LMA) protection, cathode protection, extreme temperature operation, and fast charging for LMBs are systematically discussed. The review reveals the significance of additive engineering in developing advanced electrolytes for high-energy–density LMBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Undoubtedly, Confucius is one of the greatest and most influential figures in the Far Eastern history of thought. Like other Eastern sages, however, he conveyed his teachings to his students orally and in the form of aphorisms and brief sayings, and he never tried to organize them into a systematic structure, as is the way of Western philosophers. This has caused serious disagreements among scholars about his role and his teachings. The author of present article argues that Confucius is, first of all, a social theorist and not a philosopher or a moral teacher or a religious leader. His central doctrine is harmony (He') and his other thoughts and teachings should be re-examined according to this doctrine. According to Confucius' thought and analysis, if first the ruling class and then the populace recognize their duties towards others (Zheng-Ming), and regard their responsibilities as a religious duty (Li), and their motivation, performing their responsibilities, be not profiteering but compassion and human-heartedness (Ren), and if they carry out their duties in a good form and appropriate way (Yi), they will be a nobleman and exemplary person (Jun-Zi) and so their society will be in order, and the Harmony will be realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jin Ping Mei 金瓶梅 details the legal activities in Ming society with exceptional vividness. In other pre modern Chinese literary narratives, the ending usually featured poetic justice. However, Jin Ping Mei is a novel with unique realism in Chinese fiction in that it does not have a happy ending. More importantly, the novel depicts the normal condition and rationale of life based on guanxi 关系, an informal institution that was ubiquitous in Chinese society. Guanxi is a concrete embodiment of métis in the novel. This article sets out to demonstrate the métis in Jin Ping Mei through the analysis of guanxi in two cases. It argues that Jin Ping Mei depicts guanxi as the rationale of legal activities. Through guanxi, which is achieved through the manipulation of li 禮, ganqing 感情, renqing 人情, and mianzi 面子, gifts, banquets, and intermediaries, the culprits can easily find their way out of the unfavorable condition. The blend of rationality and emotion which is embodied in guanxi is the cultural root of the manipulation in the legal activities. The narrative of legal activities in Jin Ping Mei focuses on the métis based on guanxi in microlevel society and thus achieves unprecedented realism in premodern Chinese fiction narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nonferrous Metals (Extractive Metallurgy) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work is a thought experiment in re-interpreting the virtue of li or ritual/propriety for the contemporary, multi-cultural, world. Using Zhuangzi, the Lunyu, and Zhongyong as my primary points of departure, I re-interpret the Confucian ideas of hierarchy in terms of the Daoist conception of harmony. Many scholars today argue that Confucianism has a relational ontology, yet at the same time, we find that Confucian values can and do lead to rigid and harmful traditions that have historically oppressed marginalized groups like women. As such, I re-imagine what li might look like if we take relational ontology seriously, Drawing from Zhuangzi, I argue that Confucian harmony and order do not necessarily arise out of hierarchy, and that harmony, the most primary goal of li and of the Confucian project, can be best attained through propriety that is influenced by Daoism and feminist values such as equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greisen-type Li ore, a new type of lithium ore in recent years, is of great theoretical research and economic value. However, there is slightly insufficient in comprehensive evaluation of greisen-type Li ore in such a world-class Nanling W-Sn metallogenic province and its surroundings. In this work, we found greisen-type Li mineralization firstly in the Yanbei Sn-ore field, Huichang district, Jiangxi Province. The lithium mineralization occurred at the greisen belt near the contact zone between the Minkengshan granitic batholith and overlying volcanic rock of the Jilongzhang Formation. Three types of mineralization were identified: the greisen type, the quartz vein type in granite, and the quartz vein type in volcanic rock. The content of Li2O reaches 1.04% and mainly ranges from 0.2%−0.3%, which is of significant comprehensive utilization value. The occurrence state of lithium and the metallogenic characteristics based on the detailed microscopic observation, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is determined here. There is a potential difference between the Yanbei ore field and other domestic and international typical greisen-type lithium deposits, which develop lepidolite-ferrolepidolite series. The main Libearing mineral is protolithionite in the Yanbei ore field, and it is identified as high Si, Al, K, Fe and Li with no significant extreme fluid differentiation process. The Li, co-accumulated with Sn in the post-magmatic hightemperature gas-liquid stage, can be linked to the porphyritic fine-grained granite and enter mica via coupling substitution of Si4++Li+↔AlIV+FeT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of their potentially high capacity, the interest of researchers have increased in using zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystals (NCs as an electrode material in lithium -- ion batteries. ZnO nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized by laser ablation and were utilized in the fabrication of a nanobattery device using ITO/ZnO/Li: graphene/PEDOT: PSS/Ni. The optical characteristics of the ZnO NCs were evaluated using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis.) and photoluminescence (PL) spectrometers, with the observations revealing that the ZnO NCs generated were nanocrystalline structures. The energy gap (Eg) beside ZnO NCs considered as of PL revealed to be around 3.6 eV. ZnO NCs produced by laser ablation enhanced the performance of the nanobattery by amplifying the carrier's charge mobility. A current-voltage (I-V) characteristics confirmed optimum environment as well as formation besides illumination at (4 V). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding degradation of charge generation layer (CGL) is uprising issue for efficient and stable tandem devices. Here, we explored how the electrical characteristics of Li‐doped CGL device change according to different stress conditions comprehensively and found out thermal stress affects more severely than electrical stress via capacitance‐voltage and temperature‐dependent current density‐voltage measurements. The exponential trap distribution model analysis and Poisson and drift‐diffusion simulation informed that the degradation of electrical properties is attributed to Li diffusion and actual thermal diffusion of Li was experimentally observed by XPS depth [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about how Confucian cultural values influence the efficacy of classroom leadership styles, which may explain why classes in countries such as South Korea often remain largely teacher-centered. To find out more about Confucian values and correlating preferences for classroom leadership, 57 English as a Foreign Language learners from South Korea were given the Vannsimpco Leadership Survey and a Confucian values survey. Statistical analysis revealed that Korean learners preferred democratic classroom leadership the most. However, learners with strong preferences for traditional Confucian values also preferred autocratic-transformational and democratic-transformational leadership styles. Results appear to suggest that cultural values do indeed influence preferences for classroom leadership. This view is further supported by analysis of Korean students who lived abroad, primarily in non-Confucian countries. These students did not favor autocratic leadership as much as their counterparts, who lived only in South Korea. Overall, findings suggest that an integrated approach to classroom leadership may be needed in Confucian contexts, whereby different styles are tailored to individual needs based on cultural values and personal preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this investigation was to determine whether a correlation could be discerned between perfusion acquired through ASL MRI and metabolic data acquired via 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). Methods: ASL MRI and 18F-FDG PET data were gathered from 22 mTLE patients. Relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) asymmetry index (AIs) were measured using ASL MRI, and standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr) maps were obtained from 18F-FDG PET, focusing on bilateral vascular territories and key bitemporal lobe structures (amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampus). Intra-group comparisons were carried out to detect hypoperfusion and hypometabolism between the left and right brain hemispheres for both rCBF and SUVr in right and left mTLE. Correlations between the two AIs computed for each modality were examined. Results: Significant correlations were observed between rCBF and SUVr AIs in the middle temporal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and hippocampus. Significant correlations were also found in vascular territories of the distal posterior, intermediate anterior, intermediate middle, proximal anterior, and proximal middle cerebral arteries. Intra-group comparisons unveiled significant differences in rCBF and SUVr between the left and right brain hemispheres for right mTLE, while hypoperfusion and hypometabolism were infrequently observed in any intracranial region for left mTLE. Conclusion: The study's findings suggest promising concordance between hypometabolism estimated by 18F-FDG PET and hypoperfusion determined by ASL perfusion MRI. This raises the possibility that, with prospective technical enhancements, ASL perfusion MRI could be considered an alternative modality to 18F-FDG PET in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to investigate the mutual benefits of examining sexual minority people's rights in Hong Kong and Confucianism. It has four objectives. Firstly, it aims to discuss the components of Confucianism. Secondly, it seeks to explore three strategies for promoting Confucianism: 'Ren', 'Li', and 'Ideal Society'. Thirdly, it aims to demonstrate how analysing these strategies can enhance our understanding of the relationship between sexual minority rights in Hong Kong and Confucianism. To achieve this objective, it undertakes two analytical tasks: first, to evaluate criticisms of efforts aimed at strengthening sexual minority people's rights in Hong Kong through the lens of these three strategies; and second, to assess the potential usefulness of these strategies in exploring the compatibility between the sexual minority people's ways of life and Confucianism. Finally, the paper aims to examine how studying sexual minority people's rights in Hong Kong can contribute to the discussion of the Confucian welfare model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute lethality and chronic sublethal effects of lithium (Li) on Rhinella arenarum tadpoles as model organisms. First a 96 h toxicity assay was performed by exposing tadpoles to Li concentrations from 44.08 to 412.5 mg L−1 to estimate the mortality, and lethal and sublethal effects. Another bioassay was carried out by exposing tadpoles to two environmentally relevant Li concentrations (2.5 and 20 mg L−1) for one and two weeks. The sublethal effects of Li on tadpoles were evaluated by analyzing biochemical, genotoxic, and physiological biomarkers. The mortality in Li-exposed tadpoles increased over time. The median lethal concentration (LC50) ranged from 319.52 (281.21–363.05) mg L−1 at 48 h to 66.92 (52.76–84.89) mg L−1 at 96 h. Exposure to Li at 2.5 and 20 mg L−1 induced alterations in enzymes related to detoxification, antioxidant, and hepatic mechanisms, endocrine disruption of thyroid hormones, genotoxicity, and effects on the physiology of the heart and gastrointestinal systems. Tadpoles exposed to the highest concentration in the chronic bioassay (20 mg L−1 Li), which is the concentration commonly recorded in Li mining sites, showed significant mortality after one week of exposure. These results warn about the high ecotoxicological risk of Li as a contaminant of emerging concern for amphibians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing missing values is a persistent challenge in the field of data mining. The presence of incomplete data can significantly compromise the overall data quality. Consequently, it is crucial to handle incomplete data efficiently. This paper presents a novel approach for imputing missing values that incorporates Kernelized Fuzzy C-Means (KFCM) clustering and proposes a method termed LIKFCM, which combines its benefits with Linear Interpolation (LI). The proposed LIKFCM's performance is assessed through a comparison against nine state-of-the-art imputation techniques (mean, median, LI, EMI, KNNI, KMI, FKMI, LIFCM, and LIPFCM) across ten widely used real-world datasets from the UCI repository with six combinations of missing ratios to assess the efficacy of the proposed imputation method. From the experimental results, it is evident that our proposed method outperforms the existing imputation methods with significant improvements in terms of RMSE & MAE for these datasets. Additionally, experiments examining the effect of missing values validate the robustness of the proposed approach by handling different missing ratios. The performance validation of the proposed approach against other state-of-the-art imputation methods has been conducted utilizing a Kendall's W statistical test, involving a comparison of their mean ranks across different missing ratios. The outcomes indicate that LIKFCM has outperformed other imputation methods, attaining the highest rank in terms of different evaluation criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores Gurnah's Gravel Heart from Bhabhian perspectives of liminality and cultural identity through immigrant experiences of the protagonist Salim who faces identity crisis, relational positioning and racial prejudice. Gurnah is of the view that immigrants are always in a liminal space, experiencing 'in-between-ness' and as they try to assimilate with the new culture, identity crises emerge. In this process of assimilation, immigrants feel like they are divided into two parts. They have traits of this new culture now but cannot overlook the norms and culture of their native lands as well. They find themselves at liminal space where no matter how hard they try to save their culture, it still gets hybrid and new elements of the host culture, they interact with, continue to become a part of their lives, which in turn, reshape their identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A single-ion conducting polymetric artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SICP-ASEI) is rationally designed to improve the cycling performance of Li-metal batteries (LMBs) under high charging rate. The SICP with high cationic transport number (0.84) is obtained by polymerization of LiSTFSI and polyethylene (ethylene glycol) methacrylate following by chemical crosslinking. The LMBs with SICP-ASEI can achieve improved energy efficiency and prolonged cell lifetime, including (i) high cycling stability (over 1000 h cycling) and limited polarization voltage (< 95 mV at ± 1 mA cm−2) on symmetrical cells and (ii) high-capacity retention of 84.3% after 200 cycles at 1 C and over 102 mAh g−1 at high charging rate of 2 C on full cell coupled with high-mass-loading cathode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of radiation fields in the lithium loop pipes and dump tank during the operation were performed for International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility – DEMO-Oriented NEutron Source (IFMIF-DONES) in order to obtain the radiation dose-rate maps in the component surroundings. Variance reduction techniques such as weight window mesh (produced with the ADVANTG code) were applied to bring the statistical uncertainty down to a reasonable level. The biological dose was given in the study, and potential shielding optimization is suggested and more thoroughly evaluated. The MCNP Monte Carlo was used to simulate a gamma particle transport for radiation shielding purposes for the current Li Systems’ design. In addition, the shielding efficiency was identified for the Impurity Control System components and the dump tank. The analysis reported in this paper takes into account the radiation decay source from and activated corrosion products (ACPs), which is created by d-Li interaction. As a consequence, the radiation (resulting from ACPs and Be-7) shielding calculations have been carried out for safety considerations.

The recent exponential growth in the Li ion batteries (LIB) market, is largely driven by the demand for electric vehicles and the general transition to a green and digital economy. It is therefore imperative to develop more effective and economic processes for recovering battery raw materials such as Li, Co, Cu and Ni. Moreover, these materials are all classified as critical or strategic (Cu, Ni) raw materials by the European Commission, and for Europe, it is of great importance to build a sustainable European supply chain for Li and other battery raw materials to decrease its dependency on import. In this work, we have studied the possibility to recover Li, Ni, Cu and Co from secondary raw materials like black mass (cathode and anode fraction from shredded end- of-life Li ion batteries), as well as Li from spodumene concentrate, spodumene being an important and available Li mineral. The approach has been to convert the metals in the raw materials to metal chlorides, by chlorination in LiCl-KCl (58 : 42) melts at 470 °C and CaCl2-NaCl-KCl (35 : 30 : 30) at 727 °C. With this method, the metals could potentially be reduced from the chloride matrix by subsequent sequential electrodeposition, utilizing their difference in nobility. Regarding black mass, the highest chlorination yields were obtained from uncalcined material (Li 64 %, Co and Ni 22–24 %, Cu 83 %, and Mn 49 %) in LiCl-KCl at 470 °C, the carbon in the black mass probably enhancing the chlorination rate. For spodumene concentrate, a high yield for Li (100 %) was obtained with Cl2 in CaCl2-NaCl-KCl at 727 °C, this melt composition being more oxoacidic and the higher temperature helping the chlorination kinetics.

To address the issue of excess carbon emissions, China has outlined peaking the carbon emissions and achieving neutrality of carbon goals. New energy storage devices thus have been popularly developed in the past decade. Lithium‐ion batteries(LIBs) have emerged as the most prevalent devices in our daily routines. In the coming decades a huge amount of LIBs will be retired. Spent LIBs are endowed with valuable metal elements that are potentially recyclable. This paper is intended to review the recent studies on the recovery of lithium(Li) and cobalt(Co) from spent LiCoO2 batteries. This paper pays much attention to the hydrometallurgical, pyrometallurgical approaches to recycle lithium and cobalt from spent LIBs including leaching, reducing, and extracting by various inorganic or organic agents in hydrometallurgical methods and different kinds of reductants in pyrometallurgical methods. Last but not least, electrochemical methods, mechanochemistry and biometallurgy are focused for reviewing emerging, low‐cost, environmentally friendly methods. Hopefully, this review can inspire to further studies on recycling lithium and cobalt from spent LiCoO2 LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the problem of coherence, i.e., whether the internal and external dimensions of li (礼 rituals, rites, and the observance of them) are compatible. This problem stems mainly from Mencius' seemingly conflicting statements. On the one hand, he emphasized the goodness of xing (性 human nature) in terms of the goodness of the heart-mind. On the other hand, he defended the act of following li regardless of one's heart-mind. This paper argues that Mencius held coherent moral reasons internalism, asserting that moral reasons are embedded in people's universal and potential instinct to do morally good things. Consequently, he distinguished morality from non-moral normativity and claimed that the former takes precedence over the latter. The concept of li is thus divided into moral li and non-moral li, with moral li taking precedence over non-moral li. Therefore, the act of "following li regardless of one's heart-mind" refers to following non-moral li, as long as it does not conflict with moral li. Based on the fact that Mencius' concept of li is a kind of coherent moral reasons internalism, this paper further responds to some challenges from moral reasons externalism. It does so by clarifying the meaning of "seeking the cause within oneself" (反求诸己 fan qiu zhu ji), showing that Mencius believed every individual could establish rational inner guidance and be motivated to lead a reflective and autonomous moral life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The six elements of lithium, beryllium, niobium, tantalum, rubidium and cesium in rare polymetallic ores often coexist together. Beryllium minerals are mostly difficult to be completely dissolved by acid, while niobium and tantalum are easy to be hydrolyzed. The accurate determination of these elements requires a variety of methods and complicated analysis process. In this paper, a method for simultaneous determination of lithium, beryllium, niobium, tantalum, rubidium and cesium in rare polymetallic ores by microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was established by investigating the holding time and the amount of extraction solution after microwave digestion. The results showed that the samples could be completely dissolved by holding for 30 min, and completely extracted by 10 mL of hydrofluoric acid (1 + 1) and 3 drops of hydrofluoric acid. The mass spectrum signals of each element showed a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 0--20 jug/mL, and the correlation coefficients (r) were above 0.999 9. The microwave digestion method and the electrothermal plate digestion method were used to determine the six rare polymetallic ores of national first-class standard substances respectively. The results showed that the determination of beryllium by the electrothermal plate digestion method was obviously low, and the determination results of each element by the microwave digestion method were within the error range of the recognized value. The detection limits were 3. 0--10. 0 jng/g, the test range was 0. 001%--4. 3%, and the relative standard deviation RSD (w=12) was 0. 32%--12. 5%. The quality parameters meet the requirements of geological and mineral experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by the d‐band center theory, previous studies mainly focus on transition metals as electrocatalytic active sites. The s‐block metals in the periodic table, especially group ΙA metals with fewer valence electrons, are rarely reported as high‐activity electrocatalysts for reduction reactions due to the difficulties associated with their electronic structure regulation. Herein, theoretical calculations demonstrate that group ΙA element lithium (Li) embedded in N, O‐doped graphene is an effective electrocatalytic active center for carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This catalytic feasibility results from the s–p orbital hybridization between originally empty 2p orbital of Li and the orbitals of coordinated atoms. This vacant 2p orbital can serve as a site for additional p–π conjugation between Li and N, O‐doped graphene. Theoretically, the zigzag‐type Li–O2 model shows remarkable CO2RR activity, while Li–pyridinic–N1‐C1 exhibits high ORR activity. Furthermore, a carbon‐based catalyst with well‐anchored Li atoms coordinated to N, O substituents is experimentally demonstrated to exhibit exceptional CO2RR activity (FECO = 98.8% at −0.55 V) and ORR performance in acidic media (E1/2 = 0.77 V). This is the first report on bifunctional high‐performance electrocatalyst utilizing a group ΙA element with performance comparable to that of most previously reported transition‐metal‐based catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

针对由甘油制备碳酸甘油酯的酯交换法中催化剂制备方法复杂、活性组分易流失等问题，采用一锅法制备了Li掺杂CeO2固体碱催化剂。对催化剂进行了X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、BET、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、CO2程序升温脱附(CO2-TPD)等表征。以甘油转化率和碳酸甘油酯产率为指标，对催化剂进行了筛选，并采用单因素实验对甘油酯交换合成碳酸甘油酯的工艺条件进行了优化，同时考察了催化剂的重复使用性能。结果表明:Li与CeO2之间能够产生协同作用，Li的掺杂能够明显增加CeO2的中强碱活性位点；Li、Ce与柠檬酸物质的量比为0.3∶ 1∶ 1时，催化剂催化活性最好；甘油酯交换合成碳酸甘油酯的最优反应条件为反应温度100 ℃、反应时间2.0 h、催化剂用量为甘油质量的1%、甘油与碳酸二甲酯物质的量比1∶ 2，在此条件下甘油转化率为90.16%，碳酸甘油酯收率为90.04%；催化剂在重复使用5次后活性无明显下降。采用一锅法制备的Li掺杂CeO2固体碱催化剂具有良好的催化性能，可用于催化甘油酯交换合成碳酸甘油酯。 Aiming at the problems of complex preparation method and easy loss of active components of catalyst in the transesterification method of preparing glycerol carbonate from glycerol, Li doped CeO2 solid base catalyst was prepared by one pot method. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, XPS and CO2-TPD. With conversion rate of glycerol and yield of glycerol carbonate as indexes, the catalyst was screened and the conditions of transesterification of glycerol to prepare glycerol carbonate were optimized by single factor experiment. The reusability of the catalyst was investigated. The results showed that there was a synergistic effect between Li and CeO2, and Li doping could significantly increase the medium and strong base sites of CeO2.When molar ratio of Li, Ce and citric acid was 0.3∶ 1∶ 1, the catalyst had the best activity. The optimal reaction conditions were obtained as follows: reaction temperature 100 ℃, reaction time 2.0 h, catalyst dosage 1% of glycerol mass, and molar ratio of glycerol to dimethyl carbonate 1∶ 2. Under these conditions, the conversion rate of glycerol was 90.16% and the yield of glycerol carbonate was 90.04%, and the activity of the catalyst did not decrease significantly after reused for five times.Li doped CeO2 solid base catalyst prepared by one pot method has good catalytic performance, and can be used to catalyze synthesis of glyceryl carbonate by transesterification of glycerol.

Shaimaa E Kabil,1 Rania Abdelshafy,1 Ahmed Ismail Abbas Ahmed,1 Alhassan Mostafa Zahran,2 Mahmoud Attalah,2 Yossra Sallam,1 Aisha Ghanem Abd El Lateef3 1E. N. T Department, Faculty of Medicine Cairo, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; 2Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine Cairo, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; 3Psychiatric Department, Faculty of Medicine Cairo, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptCorrespondence: Shaimaa E Kabil, Email Shaimaa.kabil@azhar.edu.egObjective: Language disorders (LD) in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are highly variable and has a severe impact on the level of functioning in autistic children. Early diagnosis of these language disorders is essential for early interventions for children at risk. The electrophysiological measurements are considered valuable tools for determining language disabilities in children with ASD. This study aimed to study and compare ABR and MMN in autistic children with language disorders.Methods: This study included a group of typically developing children and a group of children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorders and language disorders. Both groups were matching according to age and gender. After confirming bilateral normal peripheral hearing sensitivity, ABR was done and both absolute and interpeak wave latencies were correlated. MMN using frequency oddball paradigms were also obtained and correlated.Results: More abnormalities were reported in ABR test results in the form of delayed absolute latencies and prolonged interpeak intervals. Also, we reported prolonged latencies of MMN. Consequently, both ABR and MMN are complementary test in evaluating autistic children with language disorders.Conclusion: Our results support the hypothesis of remarkable dysfunction in basic auditory sound processing that may impact the linguistic development of autistic children.Keywords: Autism spectrum disorders, Language Disorders, Auditory brain stem response, Mismatch negativity

The advantages of new types of H2TiO3 lithium-ion sieves, including excellent adsorption performance, high-efficiency Li+-ion selectivity, reliable regeneration, environmental friendliness, and easy preparation, have attracted considerable attention. Currently, the prices of lithium carbonate and other related products are rapidly increasing, so the use of H2TiO3 lithium-ion sieves to extract lithium resources in salt lake brine has become a crucial strategy. H2TiO3 lithium-ion sieve is a layered double hydroxide with a 3R1 sequence to arrange oxygen layers. Its adsorption mechanism involves the breaking of surface O-H bonds and the formation of O-Li bonds. This study provides a theoretical basis for developing high-efficiency lithium-ion sieves. This article also summarizes the influencing factors for the synthesis process of H2TiO3, which can seriously influence the adsorption performance, and offers experimental verification for the preparation of H2TiO3 lithium-ion sieves. H2TiO3 lithium-ion sieves prepared from anatase using a reasonable method show the largest adsorption capacity. In addition, effective ways to recycle H2TiO3 are outlined, which provide a guarantee for its industrial application. Finally, this paper summarizes the full text and points out future research directions for H2TiO3 lithium-ion sieves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute lethality and chronic sublethal effects of lithium (Li) on Rhinella arenarum tadpoles as model organisms. First a 96 h toxicity assay was performed by exposing tadpoles to Li concentrations from 44.08 to 412.5 mg L−1 to estimate the mortality, and lethal and sublethal effects. Another bioassay was carried out by exposing tadpoles to two environmentally relevant Li concentrations (2.5 and 20 mg L−1) for one and two weeks. The sublethal effects of Li on tadpoles were evaluated by analyzing biochemical, genotoxic, and physiological biomarkers. The mortality in Li-exposed tadpoles increased over time. The median lethal concentration (LC50) ranged from 319.52 (281.21–363.05) mg L−1 at 48 h to 66.92 (52.76–84.89) mg L−1 at 96 h. Exposure to Li at 2.5 and 20 mg L−1 induced alterations in enzymes related to detoxification, antioxidant, and hepatic mechanisms, endocrine disruption of thyroid hormones, genotoxicity, and effects on the physiology of the heart and gastrointestinal systems. Tadpoles exposed to the highest concentration in the chronic bioassay (20 mg L−1 Li), which is the concentration commonly recorded in Li mining sites, showed significant mortality after one week of exposure. These results warn about the high ecotoxicological risk of Li as a contaminant of emerging concern for amphibians.

Confucius associates the good and the beautiful. Li (translated variously as “ritual propriety,” “ritual,” “etiquette,” or “propriety”) embodies the entire spectrum of interaction with humans, nature, and even material objects. I argue that Confucius attempts to introduce an ethical ontology, not of “what,” but of “the way.” The “way” of reality becomes known with the deliberate participation to the Dao. In other words, through interaction. The way people co-exist demonstrates the rationality of the associations of living and functioning together. Li, as an aesthetic-moral principle, embodies the entire spectrum of one’s interaction with humans, nature, and even material objects. Li is a constitutive element of Confucian ethics and politics, highlighting the importance of beauty, and not only goodness, in human action. The worthiness of human action is judged both aesthetically and morally. Moreover, I hold that Confucius’ ethical ontology is not an ontology of “whatness” but of “howness,” according to the Dao, since Confucius primary concern was not to define the Dao, but to restore the Dao of the ancient sage-kings. The morality of the action is dependent on the way it is performed, according to the mandates of the Dao.

Brazil has 95 million tons of Li reserves in the form of pegmatites but produces less than 1% of the global output. Historically Li production in Brazil has been low due to governmental restrictions aimed at controlling the exploitation and trade of Li in Brazil. However, as of 2022, these restrictions were revoked. The abundance of untapped pegmatite ores in Brazil complements the soaring demand for Li in energy-storage applications. This study performs process mineralogy studies on 10 samples collected from a Li pegmatite deposit in the southeastern region of Minas Gerais in Brazil. The samples were characterized by combining density separation and SEM-based automated mineralogy processing system allied with XRF, ICP OES, XRD, and LA–ICPMS. The latter was used to determine Li content in micas which allowed determining the Li deportment between Li-bearing minerals. The results show that the samples contain such Li-bearing minerals as muscovite (0.5 wt% Li2O) and lepidolite (3.1 wt% Li2O), in addition to spodumene (8.0 wt% Li2O). According to the characterization of the spodumene concentrate (d = 3.11) by density separation (at d = 2.95), two main trends were observed: (a) low Li deportment in the sink product (approximately 44% wt%) and higher Li2O grade (approximately 6.5 wt%), and (b) higher Li deportment in the sink product (58%) and lower Li2O content (approximately 4.9 wt%). The first trend is associated with higher modal content of mica since it carries Li to the light product. Lower Li grade is related to the presence of Fe-bearing minerals (e.g., epidote and amphibole) as they report to the dense product and do not contain Li. Spodumene has a high degree of liberation in all samples; therefore, it did not influence the deportment results. The findings highlight the benefit of combining scanning electron microscopy-based automated mineralogy with LA–ICPMS and other techniques from process mineralogy studies in mineral processing. In addition to the mineralogy and liberation characteristics, identifying Li-bearing minerals and determining Li deportment is crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Confucius associates the good and the beautiful. Li (translated variously as "ritual propriety," "ritual," "etiquette," or "propriety") embodies the entire spectrum of interaction with humans, nature, and even material objects. I argue that Confucius attempts to introduce an ethical ontology, not of "what," but of "the way." The "way" of reality becomes known with the deliberate participation to the Dao. In other words, through interaction. The way people co-exist demonstrates the rationality of the associations of living and functioning together. Li, as an aesthetic-moral principle, embodies the entire spectrum of one's interaction with humans, nature, and even material objects. Li is a constitutive element of Confucian ethics and politics, highlighting the importance of beauty, and not only goodness, in human action. The worthiness of human action is judged both aesthetically and morally. Moreover, I hold that Confucius' ethical ontology is not an ontology of "whatness" but of "howness," according to the Dao, since Confucius primary concern was not to define the Dao, but to restore the Dao of the ancient sage-kings. The morality of the action is dependent on the way it is performed, according to the mandates of the Dao. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Psychology / Revista de Psihologie is the property of Romanian Academy Publishing House / Editura Academiei Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although beans are an important part of the human diet, their long-term storage is still problematic due to pest damage by seed beetles. This study provides data on a documented detection of Mexican bean beetle Zabrotes subfasciatus in Romania. A great number of individuals were found inside packages of small white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) imported from Syria and Ethiopia. Based on the investigation of the infested seeds, rearing and biology of the species, it is unlikely that this alien species is established in Romania. We also provide the first known record of Bruchidius glycyrhizae in Romania, based on its previously known distribution and the range of its host plants, it is more likely an overlooked native species.

Solid-state electrolytes can offer improved lithium-ion battery safety while potentially increasing the energy density by enabling alkali metal anodes. There have been significant research efforts to improve the ionic conductivity of solid-state electrolytes and the electrochemical performance of all-solid-state batteries; however, the root causes of their poor performance - interfacial reaction and subsequent impedance growth - are poorly understood. This is due to the dearth of effective characterization techniques for probing these buried interfaces. In situ and operando methodologies are currently under development for solid-state interfaces, and they offer the potential to describe the dynamic interfacial processes that serve as performance bottlenecks. This article highlights state-of-the-art solid-solid interface probing methodologies, describes practical limitations, and describes a future for dynamic interfacial characterization.

The purpose of this research is to assess whether and to what extent the growth in the Jordanian economy responds to the increase in foreign direct investment (FDI) and local investment (LI) through tourism revenue over the period that ranges from 1995 to 2019. The study implements the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology to examine both the short-run and long-run impacts. The research findings confirm the long-run relationship between tourist revenues and FDI, LI, and the other determinants. In the long-run, contrary to expectations, LI has a negative and significant impact on tourism revenue, while FDI exerts an insignificant impact on tourism revenue. The short-run results also show that LI has a significant and negative impact on tourism revenue, whereas the impact of one period lag of FDI on tourism revenue is negative and significant at the 10% level. Originality: First, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that examines the extent to which both foreign direct investment and local investments impact economic growth through tourism revenue. Second, this research examines both the long-run and short-run impacts. Finally, contrary to previous research, this paper controls for economic freedom and the country's level of openness as factors that are important in the relationship between FDI, LI, and tourism revenue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the first of a series of papers that present an update of the over‐four‐decades practice, theorising and universalisation of a systems approach to management from China: Wuli‐Shili‐Rneli (WSR). The paper begins with a brief review of the evolution, features and problematics of WSR 1.0, then envisages continuities, changes and tasks in developing WSR 2.0 and finally traces the evolution trajectory of the meaning of li, a core category in Confucian teaching and the WSR approach. This is to lay a historical‐conceptual stage for the proceeding of the forthcoming papers in the series that will address, respectively, wuli‐shili‐renli notions, WSR and systems thinking, pragmatic ontology, pragmatic rationality, application modes and rooted universalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]