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The real-time tracking of moving objects has extensive applications in various domains. Existing tracking methods typically utilize video image processing, but their performance is limited due to the high information throughput and computational requirements associated with processing continuous images. Additionally, imaging in certain spectral bands can be costly. This paper proposes a non-imaging real-time three-dimensional tracking technique for distant moving targets using single-pixel LiDAR. This novel approach involves compressing scene information from three-dimensional to one-dimensional space using spatial encoding modulation and then obtaining this information through single-pixel detection. A LiDAR system is constructed based on this method, where the peak position of the detected full-path one-dimensional echo signal is used to obtain the target distance, while the peak intensity is used to obtain the azimuth and pitch information of the moving target. The entire process requires minimal data collection and a low computational load, making it feasible for the real-time three-dimensional tracking of single or multiple moving targets. Outdoor experiments confirmed the efficacy of the proposed technology, achieving a distance accuracy of 0.45 m and an azimuth and pitch angle accuracy of approximately 0.03° in localizing and tracking a flying target at a distance of 3 km. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells have the potential to be used to achieve artificial hematopoiesis because of their ability to expand and differentiate in multiple directions. However, the mechanism and molecular changes underlying such differentiation are still unclear. The differentiation of CB CD34+ cells is generally driven by subtle changes in gene expression. A crucial method for examining gene expression is quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, but the accuracy of the results is dependent on the use of reliable reference genes. Here, the transcription levels of 10 novel candidate reference genes (EIF4G2, DYNC1H1, LUC7L3, CD46, POLR1D, WSB1, GAPVD1, HGS, LGALS8, and RBM5) and 8 traditional reference genes (GAPDH, YWHAZ, ACTB, B2MG, TBP, HMBS, PPIA, HPRT1) in CB CD34+ cells under different oxygen concentrations were screened and evaluated by using the geNorm and NormFinder algorithms. Comprehensive analysis conducted by RefFinder online tool showed that TBP (a traditional reference gene) and EIF4G2 (a novel reference gene) had the most stable expression, whereas GAPDH and HMBS were the least suitable reference genes under these conditions. These results may serve as a basis for selecting reference genes with stable expression for more accurate normalization under different oxygen concentration stimulation during CB CD34+ cells differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a new horizontal Global Positioning System velocity field in the Chinese mainland from the data analysis of about 2000 GPS sites observed in 2009, 2011 and 2013 through three campaigns of the CMONOC project. Assuming the crustal block to characterize their kinematic behaviors, we estimate parameters of 22 crustal blocks to fit the GPS-derived velocity by using GIPSY software. We restrict us to compare two competing models in which the rigid blocks and the deforming blocks are involved. Our modeling suggests that the most crustal blocks characterized by coherent movement and internal strain may be better in describing the kinematics of crustal deformation in the Chinese mainland.

Summary: Based on the failure of critical parameter sensors at nuclear power plants (NPPs) during accidents, a prediction model for critical parameter prediction during accidents was developed utilizing a long short‐term memory (LSTM) neural network and historical‐critical parameter operation sequences. The validation results show that the critical parameters model built with the LSTM neural network accurately predicts nuclear power, pressurizer pressure, pressurizer water level, coolant flow rate, coolant average temperature, and steam generator water level under loss of coolant accident and steam generator tube rupture conditions, and can help in the event of a sensor failure of critical operating parameters. This means that NPP operators will be able to better control the unit's status and improve safety in the event of a major operating parameter sensor failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The weighted mean temperature (Tm) is a function of atmospheric temperature and vertical humidity profiles. It plays a crucial role in the progress of retrieving water vapor information from the tropospheric delay of GNSS signals. The Tm estimated by the empirical models is always used to convert the zenith wet delay (ZWD) to precipitable water vapor (PWV) in GNSS meteorology. However, these empirical Tm models used trigonometric functions, making it difficult to describe Tm in detail and leading to an obvious accuracy difference with latitude changes. Thus, a global latitude zone augmentation mode was adopted for the empirical Tm models; the augmentation coefficients for each latitude zone were obtained by introducing the measured surface temperature and using the least-squares method. Using the Tm data of 2011–2015 derived from radiosonde, the GPT3 model, UNB3m model, and GWTMD model were augmented and analyzed. The results show that all augmentation models can improve the accuracy of the estimated Tm compared with their corresponding original models, and their levels of improvement are different. The three augmentation models achieved an average RMSE of 2.79 K, 3.47 K, and 3.22 K, which correspond to 22%, 49%, and 8% improvement against the GPT3 model, UNB3m model, and GWTMD model. In addition, the comparisons with the Tm linear formula were carried out and showed the superiority of the augmentation models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine complex (TCHMC) on the productive performance of periparturient dairy cows. Eighteen non-lactating pregnant Holstein dairy cows with similar body conditions with 1 to 2 parity were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6), receiving a basal diet with 0 (CON group), 200 (T-200 group), and 300 (T-300 group) g TCHMC per day from 14 to 9 days prepartum. The results demonstrated that TCHMC treatments decreased the days of gestation, calving to first service, and calving to first visible estrus. Compared with CON at specific time points, TCHMC treatments increased the concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol (E2), whereas progesterone (P4) and E2 concentrations decreased. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and creatine kinase (CK) concentrations were downregulated, whereas that of globulin (GLB) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were upregulated by TCHMC treatments around the time of calving. Compared with CON and T-200 treatments, the T-300 treatment increased the serum concentrations of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration from 7 d prepartum to 21 d postpartum when. In addition, although TCHMC treatment had no effect on average birth weight, heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature of calves, the T-300 treatment increased serum albumin (ALB) and IgG concentrations in calves from 3 to 14 days postpartum. The addition of TCHMC used in the present study could serve as a potential effective strategy to improve the health and productive performance of periparturient dairy cows, and the optimal dose should be set at 300 g per day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We combine measurements of ground deformation from Synthetic Aperture Radar images, high‐rate Global Navigation Satellite System and tele‐seismic waveforms to study the rupture kinematics of the Madoi Earthquake, which occurred in eastern Tibet on 21 May 2021 and reached a moment magnitude Mw 7.4. The data show nearly pure left‐lateral motion along a 170 km long rupture and a total duration of 36 s. The earthquake initiated near the middle of the main segment and evolved in a bilateral slip pulse rupture which propagated at a sub‐Rayleigh speed of 2.6–2.8 km/s. In our model, slip is concentrated at depth of less than ∼15 km and reaches a maximum of 4.2 m. The rupture arrested ∼10 s after branching on the extensional splay faults at both extremities. The branching onto the splay faults and the eventual arrest of the rupture is used to provide constraints on the fault frictional properties. Plain Language Summary: The M7.4 Madoi Earthquake, which occurred in eastern Tibet on 21 May 2021 is the largest event since the 2008, M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. It therefore generated widespread interests among the Chinese public and scientific community. Here, we model the temporal evolution of fault slip during the earthquake using geodetic and seismic observations. Our study reveals a slip‐pulse that ruptured a 170 km long fault system, extending from the surface to about 15 km at depth, with horizontal shear slip of up to 4.2 m. The rupture initiated near the middle of the ruptured fault, propagated bi‐laterally along the fault trace, and ended after branching on splay‐faults. Forking seems to have arrested the rupture. The Madoi Earthquake relates to the eastward extrusion of Tibet which is driven by the northward indentation of India into Eurasia. Key Points: The 2021 Mw 7.4 Madoi Earthquake ruptured bilaterally for about 170 km with most of slip being concentrated at less than 15 km depthThe rupture was arrested after propagating on splay faultsPropagation along the most misoriented splay fault suggests a dynamic friction possibly as low as 0.05 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the largest and most active intracontinental orogenic belt on Earth, the Tien Shan (TS) is a natural laboratory for understanding the Cenozoic orogenic processes driven by the India–Asia collision. On 19 January 2020, a M w 6.1 event stuck the Kalpin region, where the southern frontal TS interacts with the Tarim basin. To probe the local ongoing orogenic processes and potential seismic hazard in the Kalpin region, both interseismic and instantaneous deformation derived from geodetic observations are used in this study. With the constraint of interseismic global navigation satellite system (GNSS) velocities, we estimate the décollement plane parameters of the western Kalpin nappe based on a 2-D dislocation model, and the results suggest that the décollement plane is nearly subhorizontal with a dip of ∼3° at a depth of 24 km. Then, we collect both Sentinel-1 and ALOS-2 satellite images to capture the coseismic displacements caused by the 2020 Kalpin event, and the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) images show a maximum displacement of 7 cm in the line of sight near the epicentral region. With these coseismic displacement measurements, we invert the source parameters of this event using a finite-fault model. We determine the optimal source mechanism in which the fault geometry is dominated by thrust faulting with an E–W strike of 275° and a northward dip of 11.2°, and the main rupture slip is concentrated within an area 28.0 km in length and 10.3 km in width, with a maximum slip of 0.3 m at a depth of 6–8 km. The total released moment of our preferred distributed slip model yields a geodetic moment of 1.59 × 1018 N |$ \cdot $| m, equivalent to M w 6.1. The contrast of the décollement plane depth from interseismic GNSS and the rupture depth from coseismic InSAR suggests that a compression still exists in the Kalpin nappe forefront, which is prone to frequent moderate events and may be at risk of a much more dangerous earthquake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]