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With the explosive growth of global network traffic and the consequent increase in bandwidth and energy consumption required for data transmission, traditional electronic interconnection architectures are no longer able to meet the requirement of the growing bandwidth and energy conservation. Silicon-based photonics featured as high bandwidth, low energy consumption, and more importantly, compatibility with Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technologies enables the large-scale Photonic Integrated Circuits (PIC) and Electronic Integrated Circuits (EIC) to be integrated in a single substrate, hence it is regarded as one of the most promising solutions to address these challenges. However, with the increasing frequency of signals and the increasing number of integrated photonics and electronic devices, parasitic effects are becoming more prominent, leading to a significant degradation in the integration density, bandwidth density, and energy efficiency of the chip. 2.5D/3D integration technologies can effectively reduce the electrical interconnect length and chip size, thus reducing parasitic effects and power consumption, as well as increasing integration density. This paper presents different schemes of silicon based optoelectronic integration and its recent advances, and looks forward to the application prospects of 2.5D/3D integration technologies in data communication, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), biochemical sensing, and optical computing, et al.

Objective: In order to clarify the heat release behavior of neophytadiene under different conditions. Methods: Use Soxhlet extraction method, chromatography column method to extract and purify neophytadiene in tobacco powder, combined with IR, 1H NMR and MS spectrum technology, the structure was confirmed, and Py-GC/MS was used to analyze and study the pyrolysis products of neophytadiene under different conditions. Results: The performance of neophytadiene at different temperatures under anaerobic and aerobic conditions had good cracking thermal stability, and it can still maintain its original state at high temperature. The types of new phytadiene cracking products increased with the increasing of temperature. Under anaerobic conditions, the anaerobic cracking products of cracking products mainly include alkanes and alkenes. In addition to alkanes and alkenes, the main products of cracking under aerobic conditions also produce a large amount of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, benzene series, and other compounds. Under aerobic conditions, the neo phytadienes were cracked Alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, furans and other compounds containing oxygen atoms, these components have a positive effect on improving the smoking quality of cigarettes. The formation of cracked products mainly comes from primary and secondary reactions The primary reaction of neophytadiene is mainly the scission of α and β bonds of conjugated double bonds, and the secondary reaction is relatively complicated. Conclusion: Neophytadiene has a positive effect on improving the smoking quality of cigarettes.

Objective To investigate the correlation between drinking habits and pathological characteristics of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Methods A preoperative questionnaire survey was conducted to understand the drinking habits of UTUC patients who were admitted to the Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital for radical nephroureterectomy within one year from August 2020 to July 2021, and statistical analysis was performed in combination with their postoperative pathological characteristics. The statistical procedure was performed using SPSS 22.0 software, and firstly, the preliminary analysis was performed one by one using the columnar χ2 test on the pathological characteristics of UTUC tumors as the dependent variable and the factors related to patients' general information, past history and drinking habits as the independent variables, and the independent variables that met P < 0.2 between the case and control groups for each dependent variable were specified for screening. The screened variables were included in the binary Logistic regression analysis. A difference of P < 0.05 was used to indicate a statistically significant difference. Results A total of 239 patients, 134 males and 105 females, with a mean age of (68.1±9.98)years and a median disease duration of 4.8 months, were included in this study. Multifactorial Logistic regression results suggested that after adjusting for the effects of other variables, UTUC patients who had the habit of drinking at least once every hour during the daytime had a significantly increased risk of high grade (G3) tumors(OR=1.941, 95%CI: 0.352-1.029, P < 0.01); these patients also had a significantly decreased risk of multifocal UTUC tumors (OR=0.344, 95% CI: 1.18-5.582, P=0.004). The patients who had the habit of drinking over 100 mL water each time had a significantly decreased risk of mutifocal UTUC incidence (OR=0.477, 95%CI: 0.225-1.012, P=0.046). Patients who pay attention to daily water intakes had a significantly increased risk of renipelvic carcinoma (OR=2.530, 95%CI: 1.434-4.463, P=0.001) and a significantly decreased risk of ureteral carcinoma (OR=0.314, 95%CI: 0.172-0.573, P < 0.01). Other variables included in the regression model did not differ significantly in their effects on the occurrence of tumor pathological characteristics. Conclusion Having the awareness of drinking water every 1 h during the day, drinking over 100 mL water each time, having the awareness of daily drinking habits correlated significantly with pathological characteristics of UTUC such as the presence of G3 tumor, multifocal tumors and location of the tumor. This conclusion still needs to be verified by subsequent trials with higher levels of evidence.