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Famille rose porcelain made in the imperial workshop was one of the symbols of the highest manufacturing techniques in ancient China. It was very precious and only owned by the royals for a long time. Because of its complex making technology, overglaze green pigment painted on famille rose porcelain shows many variations. In this work, selected porcelain shards that were excavated at the Forbidden City were analyzed by using microscopy observation, micro‐Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer to obtain a deep understanding of overglaze green pigment technique on famille rose porcelain. The results revealed that four types of green pigment are used in the selected samples. With different recipes and combinative ways on green pigment and opaque white pigment, craftsmen can choose the using method of pigment to get the effect they want. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is inconsistent evidence of associations between socioeconomic status ( SES) and lung cancer stage in non-Chinese populations up to now. We set out to determine how SES affects stage at diagnosis at both individual and area levels, from a hospital-based multicenter 10-year (2005-2014) retrospective clinical epidemiological study of 7184 primary lung cancer patients in mainland China. Individual-level SES data were measured based on two indicators from case report forms of the study: an individual's education and occupation. Seven census indicator variables were used as surrogates for the area-level SES with principal component analysis ( PCA). Multivariate analysis was undertaken using binary logistic regressions and multinomial logit model to describe the association and explore the effect across tertiles on stage after adjusting for demographic variables. There was a significant stepwise gradient of effect across different stages in the highest tertile of area-level SES, comparing with the lowest tertile of area-level SES ( ORs, 0.77, 0.67, and 0.29 for stage II, III, and IV). Patients with higher education were less likely to have stage IV lung cancer, comparing with the illiterate group ( ORs, 0.52, 0.63, 0.71, 0.64 for primary school, middle school, high school, college degree or above subgroup, respectively). Findings suggest that the most socioeconomically deprived areas may be associated with a higher risk of advanced-stage lung cancer, and increasing educational level may be correlated with a lower risk to be diagnosed at advanced stage in both men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective At present, population-based cancer registries were not well established and epidemiologic data for cancer were limited at the province level in China. Using the available mortality data for cancer, estimation model of lung cancer was established to provide the mortality profile for the population in 31 provincial regions in China in 2008. Methods Based on the population coverage and accuracy of the available mortality for provinces, the methods used to produce mortality estimates fall into 1 of the 3 categories: data were used directly; a model was developed to calculate annual change of mortality rate based on historical and current data; relative frequency data combining with mortality for all sites were used to estimate site-specific mortality. Results The total estimated deaths of lung cancer in 2008 were 493,348 (338,346 in males and 155,002 in females) in the whole country. The age-standardized rates were highest in Jilin (52.29 per 100,000 in males and 24.68 per 100,000 in females), and the lowest rates were in Tianjin (24.12 per 100,000 in males) and Chongqing (8.72 per 100,000 in females). Conclusion The models for lung cancer mortality at the province level have been established and the data will provide valuable scientific reference for describing the epidemic of lung cancer as well as estimating other site-specific cancer mortality in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the effect of mid-trimester emergency cerclage in women with twin pregnancies with cervical dilation and prolapsed membranes, and to identify risk factors predicting spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) before 28 weeks, after cerclage., Methods: Retrospective analysis of twin gestations with cervical dilation and prolapsed membranes treated with emergency cerclage or expectant management (2015-2020). The primary outcomes were the rate of sPTB before 28 weeks and the gestational latency. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with sPTB before 28 weeks, after cerclage., Results: Ninety-seven women were included, cerclage (n = 58) or no cerclage (n = 39). Cerclage placement was associated with significantly lower incidence of sPTB before 28 weeks of pregnancy (34.5% vs 82.1%) and prolongation of the gestational latency (46.71 ± 27.52 vs 10.95 ± 11.71 days). Positive cervical culture (odds ratio [OR] 10.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.82-62.95), pregnancy duration at diagnosis less than 22 weeks (OR 9.42; 95% CI 1.69-52.69) and cervical dilation at least 4 cm (OR 7.92; 95% CI 1.40-44.71) were found to be independent risk factors for sPTB before 28 weeks, after cerclage., Conclusion: Emergency cerclage in women with twin pregnancies with cervical dilation and prolapsed membranes was associated with an overall 40% decrease in sPTB before 28 weeks and a prolongation of latency by 5 weeks. The strongest predictor of sPTB before 28 weeks after cerclage was a positive cervical culture., (© 2021 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.)

What is already known about this topic?, Hepatitis A (HA) is caused by acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection and was once very common in China. Following the 2008 introduction of the HA vaccine into the national Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI), the incidence of reported HA in China decreased markedly. However, HA epidemics still occur in Liaoning Province every 3-5 years, although with far fewer cases than in the pre-HA-vaccination era., What is added by this report?, Between January 1, 2020 and March 18, 2020, the number of reported cases of HA in Dalian and Dandong cities of Liaoning Province increased significantly compared with the same period in previous years. All cases were sporadic, and cases were seen in nearly every township. The increase in HA occurred one month after local fresh seafood became available with most cases being among adults. A case-control study showed that consuming raw or undercooked seafood, clams, snapping shrimp, and oysters were significantly associated with the increase in HA., What are the implications for public health practices?, Strengthening health education for residents to avoid consumption of raw seafood and encouraging HAV vaccination of adults aged 20 to 54 years are important to prevent periodic HAV endemic outbreaks. Further multisectoral cooperation must be emphasized on HA surveillance in areas with a high prevalence of HA., (Copyright and License information: Editorial Office of CCDCW, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention 2020.)

Background and Objective: At present, population-based cancer registries were not well established and epidemiologic data for cancer were limited at the province level in China. Using the available mortality data for cancer, estimation model of lung cancer was established to provide the mortality profile for the population in 31 provincial regions in China in 2008., Methods: Based on the population coverage and accuracy of the available mortality for provinces, the methods used to produce mortality estimates fall into 1 of the 3 categories: data were used directly; a model was developed to calculate annual change of mortality rate based on historical and current data; relative frequency data combining with mortality for all sites were used to estimate site-specific mortality., Results: The total estimated deaths of lung cancer in 2008 were 493,348 (338,346 in males and 155,002 in females) in the whole country. The age-standardized rates were highest in Jilin (52.29 per 100,000 in males and 24.68 per 100,000 in females), and the lowest rates were in Tianjin (24.12 per 100,000 in males) and Chongqing (8.72 per 100,000 in females)., Conclusions: The models for lung cancer mortality at the province level have been established and the data will provide valuable scientific reference for describing the epidemic of lung cancer as well as estimating other site-specific cancer mortality in China.