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The extraplanar diffuse ionized gas (eDIG) represents the cool/warm ionized gas reservoir around galaxies. We present spatial analysis of the Hα images of 22 nearby edge-on spiral galaxies taken with the Apache Point Observatory 3.5-m telescope (eDIG-CHANGES). We conduct an exponential fit to the vertical Hα intensity profiles of the galaxies, of which 16 can be decomposed into thin + thick disk components. The median value of the Hα scale height of the thick disk is ⟨hHα⟩=1.13±0.14 kpc ⁠. We further examine the dependence of hHα on the stellar mass, SFR, and SFR surface density (SFRSD) of the galaxies. We find a tight sublinear correlation between hHα and SFR, expressed in hHα ∝ SFRα, where α ≈ 0.29. Moreover, the offset of individual galaxies from the best-fit SFR-hHα relation, expressed in hHα/SFRα, shows significant anti-correlation with SFRSD. We further compare the vertical extension of the eDIG to multi-wavelength measurements of other CGM phases. We find the eDIG slightly more extended than the neutral gas. This indicates the existence of some extended ionizing sources, in addition to the leaking photons from the disk star formation regions. Most galaxies have an X-ray scale height smaller than Hα, suggesting the majority of the X-ray photons are actually from the thick disk instead of the extended CGM. hHα is comparable to the L-band radio continuum scale height. This indicates that the thermal and non-thermal electrons have similar spatial distributions, a natural result if both are transported outwards by a galactic wind. This further indicates the thermal gas, cosmic rays, and magnetic field may be close to energy equipartition. © 2023 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society., This work is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (grant No. 2017YFA0402600), and NSFC (grant Nos. 11890692 and 12133008). We acknowledge the science research grants from the China Manned Space Project with No. CMS-CSST-2021-A04. HL is supported by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51438.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. RJD acknowledges support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Sonderforschungsbereich 1491. TW acknowledges financial support (grant No. SEV-2017-0709) funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, from the coordination of the participation in SKA-SPAIN, funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN)., With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001131-S).

Colorectal cancer has the second highest incidence of malignant tumors and is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in China. Early diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer will lead to an improvement in the 5-year survival rate, which will reduce medical costs. The current diagnostic methods for early colorectal cancer include excreta, blood, endoscopy, and computer-aided endoscopy. In this paper, research on image analysis and prediction of colorectal cancer lesions based on deep learning is reviewed with the goal of providing a reference for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer lesions by combining computer technology, 3D modeling, 5G remote technology, endoscopic robot technology, and surgical navigation technology. The findings will supplement the research and provide insights to improve the cure rate and reduce the mortality of colorectal cancer.

Water deficit is one of the main limiting factors for apple growth and production. Root architecture plays an important role in drought tolerance of plants. However, little is known about the molecular basis of root system in apple trees under drought. In this study, we compared root morphology of two widely used rootstocks of apple (R3 and Malus sieversii) under drought. Our results suggested that M. sieversii is more tolerant to drought than R3, since M. sieversii had a higher ratio of root to shoot as well as root hydraulic conductivity under long-term drought conditions. We then performed whole-genome transcriptomic analysis to figure out the molecular basis of root responses in M. sieversii under drought. It was found that genes involved in transcription regulation, signaling or biosynthesis of hormones, and oxidative stress were differentially expressed under drought. Consistent with the gene expression profile, roots of M. sieversii had higher activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) under drought, as well as higher content of abscisic acid (ABA) and lower content of auxin. Taken together, our results revealed the physiological and transcriptomic analyses of M. sieversii roots in response to drought.

To investigate the effect of gambogic acid (GA) on the growth and cell death of castrate resistant prostate cancer (PC) with phosphate and tension homology (PTEN) and p53 genes deleted in vitro and ex vivo, and elucidate the underlying possible molecular mechanisms. PTEN−/−/p53−/− PC cells and Los Angeles prostate cancer-4 (LAPC-4) cells were treated with GA for 24 h and 48 h, then cell viability was determined by cell proliferation assay. PTEN−/−/p53−/− PC cells organoids number was calculated under GA treatment for 1 week. In addition, cell titer glo assay was performed to analyze 3 dimensional cell viability of patients derived xenografts (PDX) 170.2 organoids. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptotic cells treated with GA. And confocal image was performed to detect the apoptotic mitochondrial morphological changes. Apoptotic cell death related protein levels were measured through Western blot (WB) in GA treated cells and organoids. The expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway related ribonucleic acid (RNAs) and proteins were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and WB, respectively. The treatment of GA significantly reduced cell viability of PTEN−/−/p53−/− PC cells and LAPC-4 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In organoids, GA showed strong inhibition towards organoids’ numbers and diameters and continuously led to a complete organoids inhibition with GA 150 nmol/L. Ex vivo results validated that GA 1 μmol/L inhibited 44.6% PDX170.2 organoids growth. As for mechanism, flow cytometry detected continuously increased apoptotic portion under GA treatment from 1.98% to 11.78% (6 h) and 29.94% (8 h, P

To determine whether additional Chinese medicine (CM) could prolong survival and improve the quality of life (QOL) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared with Western medicine (WM) alone. This was a multicenter, prospective cohort study. A total of 474 hospitalized patients with stage III–IV NSCLC were recruited and divided into 2 groups. Patients in the WM group received radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and optimal supportive therapy according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. In the integrative medicine (IM) group, individualized CM (Chinese patent medicines and injections) and WM were administered. The primary end point was overall survival, and the secondary end points were time to disease progression, adverse events, and QOL. Follow-up clinical examinations and chest radiography were performed every 2 months. The median survival was 16.60 months in the IM group and 13.13 months in the WM group (P

To investigate the effect of gambogic acid (GA) on the growth and cell death of castrate resistant prostate cancer (PC) with phosphate and tension homology (PTEN) and p53 genes deleted in vitro and ex vivo, and elucidate the underlying possible molecular mechanisms.PTENThe treatment of GA significantly reduced cell viability of PTENGA was a potent anti-tumor compound as for PTEN