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2. Sequential Quantum Channel Discrimination

Author

Li, Yonglong, Hirche, Christoph, and Tomamichel, Marco

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory, Mathematical Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

We consider the sequential quantum channel discrimination problem using adaptive and non-adaptive strategies. In this setting the number of uses of the underlying quantum channel is not fixed but a random variable that is either bounded in expectation or with high probability. We show that both types of error probabilities decrease to zero exponentially fast and, when using adaptive strategies, the rates are characterized by the measured relative entropy between two quantum channels, yielding a strictly larger region than that achievable by non-adaptive strategies. Allowing for quantum memory, we see that the optimal rates are given by the regularized channel relative entropy. Finally, we discuss achievable rates when allowing for repeated measurements via quantum instruments and conjecture that the achievable rate region is not larger than that achievable with POVMs by connecting the result to the strong converse for the quantum channel Stein's Lemma.

Published
2022

7. Renyi Entropy Rate of Stationary Ergodic Processes

Author

Wu, Chengyu, Li, Yonglong, Xu, Li, and Han, Guangyue

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract

In this paper, we examine the Renyi entropy rate of stationary ergodic processes. For a special class of stationary ergodic processes, we prove that the Renyi entropy rate always exists and can be polynomially approximated by its defining sequence; moreover, using the Markov approximation method, we show that the Renyi entropy rate can be exponentially approximated by that of the Markov approximating sequence, as the Markov order goes to infinity. For the general case, by constructing a counterexample, we disprove the conjecture that the Renyi entropy rate of a general stationary ergodic process always converges to its Shannon entropy rate as {\alpha} goes to 1.

Published
2022

8. Asymptotic Nash Equilibrium for the $M$-ary Sequential Adversarial Hypothesis Testing Game

Author

Pan, Jiachun, Li, Yonglong, and Tan, Vincent Y. F.

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract

In this paper, we consider a novel $M$-ary sequential hypothesis testing problem in which an adversary is present and perturbs the distributions of the samples before the decision maker observes them. This problem is formulated as a sequential adversarial hypothesis testing game played between the decision maker and the adversary. This game is a zero-sum and strategic one. We assume the adversary is active under \emph{all} hypotheses and knows the underlying distribution of observed samples. We adopt this framework as it is the worst-case scenario from the perspective of the decision maker. The goal of the decision maker is to minimize the expectation of the stopping time to ensure that the test is as efficient as possible; the adversary's goal is, instead, to maximize the stopping time. We derive a pair of strategies under which the asymptotic Nash equilibrium of the game is attained. We also consider the case in which the adversary is not aware of the underlying hypothesis and hence is constrained to apply the same strategy regardless of which hypothesis is in effect. Numerical results corroborate our theoretical findings., Comment: The paper was presented in part at the 2022 International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT). It has been submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security

Published
2022

10. Morphological supplementary description of Indocalamus semifalcatus (H. R. Zhao et Y. L. Yang) T. P. Yi (Bambusoideae)

Author

GAO Liqin, LI Yonglong, CUI Ling, YANG Guangyao, and ZHANG Wengen

Subjects
bamboo, indocalamus, description, sem, geographical distribution, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

In the protologue of Indocalamus semifalcatus (H. R. Zhao et Y. L. Yang) T. P. Yi, there were only parts of vegetative organs reported. Based on field population investigation, indoor stereoscopic anatomy and scanning electron microscope (SEM), its reproductive organs, complete vegetative organs and micromorphological features of the abaxial leaf epidermis, were described and illustrated herein, and its geographical distribution was also updated. The results were as follows: (1) Reproductive organ features: panicle, spikelet and spike densely white pubescent, glume, pelea and lemma both smooth and glabrous, stamens 3, anthers purple, stigmas 2, white, feathery. (2) Vegetative features: culms up to 4.5 m tall, up to 2 cm in diameter, culm sheath auricle semifalcate or weak, culm sheath erect close to culm, foliage auricle weak or absent, ligule margin with densely ciliate; both sides of leaf blade homochromatic and glabrous. (3) Micromorphologic characteristics of the abaxial leaf: stomatal apparatus invisible, eight to ten elongated papillae covered the stomatal apparatus, silica bodies saddle-shaped, micro-hairs and macro-hairs both absent. (4) The new distribution area was Guanyin Mountain of Guiyang in Guizhou. The species is the most similar to I. longiauritus Hand.-Mazz., differed by culm sheath and leaf sheath with auricles semifalcate or rare, culm up to 4.5 m tall and 2 cm in diameter.

Published
2024
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11. Rate-Constrained Shaping Codes for Finite-State Channels With Cost

Author

Liu, Yi, Li, Yonglong, Huang, Pengfei, and Siegel, Paul H.

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract

Shaping codes are used to generate code sequences in which the symbols obey a prescribed probability distribution. They arise naturally in the context of source coding for noiseless channels with unequal symbol costs. Recently, shaping codes have been proposed to extend the lifetime of flash memory and reduce DNA synthesis time. In this paper, we study a general class of shaping codes for noiseless finite-state channels with cost and i.i.d. sources. We establish a relationship between the code rate and minimum average symbol cost. We then determine the rate that minimizes the average cost per source symbol (total cost). An equivalence is established between codes minimizing average symbol cost and codes minimizing total cost, and a separation theorem is proved, showing that optimal shaping can be achieved by a concatenation of optimal compression and optimal shaping for a uniform i.i.d. source.

Published
2022

14. Design and Experimental Research of a New Adsorption Structure for Underwater Robots

Author

Zhang Gang, Zang Hongbin, Li Yonglong, Li Jialong, and Wang Haoran

Subjects
Underwater robot, Negative pressure adsorption, Optimization analysis, Simulation, Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570
Abstract

Underwater robot has been widely used to carry out a variety of underwater inspection and maintenance operations instead of human beings, in which the adsorption structure is an important unit for the robot to face all kinds of complex slope and elevation, so its reliability is very important. But the existing adsorption structure still has some shortcomings such as weak adsorption, poor adaptability and so on. In order to solve these problems, an adsorption structure of underwater robot based on surface negative pressure adsorption is proposed in this paper. The characteristics of the adsorption structure are analyzed through theoretical research, the adsorption structure is simulated by Ansys finite element simulation, and the effects of key parameters on the adsorption force are analyzed and discussed in detail. The theoretical calculation and simulation results show that the adsorption force produced by the adsorption structure is higher than that produced by the thruster and the plane adsorption structure. When the gap between the adsorption structure and the wall is 8 mm, the maximum adsorption force of the plane adsorption structure can reach 136 N, and the curved surface adsorption structure can produce the adsorption force of 194 N, which is equivalent to more than 4.5 times the thrust of the thruster under the same condition. The physical verification and the application verification of the underwater robot are carried out, and the creeping experiments of the robot are carried out on the vertical wall. The results show that the adsorption structure can further improve the adsorption force and contribute to the climbing and adsorption movement of the underwater robot.

Published
2024
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17. Asymptotics of Sequential Composite Hypothesis Testing under Probabilistic Constraints

Author

Pan, Jiachun, Li, Yonglong, and Tan, Vincent Y. F.

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory, Mathematics - Statistics Theory
Abstract

We consider the sequential composite binary hypothesis testing problem in which one of the hypotheses is governed by a single distribution while the other is governed by a family of distributions whose parameters belong to a known set $\Gamma$. We would like to design a test to decide which hypothesis is in effect. Under the constraints that the probabilities that the length of the test, a stopping time, exceeds $n$ are bounded by a certain threshold $\epsilon$, we obtain certain fundamental limits on the asymptotic behavior of the sequential test as $n$ tends to infinity. Assuming that $\Gamma$ is a convex and compact set, we obtain the set of all first-order error exponents for the problem. We also prove a strong converse. Additionally, we obtain the set of second-order error exponents under the assumption that $\mathcal{X}$ is a finite alphabet. In the proof of second-order asymptotics, a main technical contribution is the derivation of a central limit-type result for a maximum of an uncountable set of log-likelihood ratios under suitable conditions. This result may be of independent interest. We also show that some important statistical models satisfy the conditions., Comment: The paper was presented in part at the 2021 International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT). It was accepted by Transactions on Information Theory

Published
2021

18. Optimal Adaptive Strategies for Sequential Quantum Hypothesis Testing

Author

Li, Yonglong, Tan, Vincent Y. F., and Tomamichel, Marco

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Computer Science - Information Theory, Mathematical Physics, Mathematics - Statistics Theory
Abstract

We consider sequential hypothesis testing between two quantum states using adaptive and non-adaptive strategies. In this setting, samples of an unknown state are requested sequentially and a decision to either continue or to accept one of the two hypotheses is made after each test. Under the constraint that the number of samples is bounded, either in expectation or with high probability, we exhibit adaptive strategies that minimize both types of misidentification errors. Namely, we show that these errors decrease exponentially (in the stopping time) with decay rates given by the measured relative entropies between the two states. Moreover, if we allow joint measurements on multiple samples, the rates are increased to the respective quantum relative entropies. We also fully characterize the achievable error exponents for non-adaptive strategies and provide numerical evidence showing that adaptive measurements are necessary to achieve our bounds under some additional assumptions., Comment: 31 pages, 4 figures

Published
2021
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20. On the Error Exponent of Approximate Sufficient Statistics for M-ary Hypothesis Testing

Author

Pan, Jiachun, Li, Yonglong, Tan, Vincent Y. F., and Eldar, Yonina C.

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract

Consider the problem of detecting one of M i.i.d. Gaussian signals corrupted in white Gaussian noise. Conventionally, matched filters are used for detection. We first show that the outputs of the matched filter form a set of asymptotically optimal sufficient statistics in the sense of maximizing the error exponent of detecting the true signal. In practice, however, M may be large which motivates the design and analysis of a reduced set of N statistics which we term approximate sufficient statistics. Our construction of these statistics is based on a small set of filters that project the outputs of the matched filters onto a lower-dimensional vector using a sensing matrix. We consider a sequence of sensing matrices that has the desiderata of row orthonormality and low coherence. We analyze the performance of the resulting maximum likelihood (ML) detector, which leads to an achievable bound on the error exponent based on the approximate sufficient statistics; this bound recovers the original error exponent when N = M. We compare this to a bound that we obtain by analyzing a modified form of the Reduced Dimensionality Detector (RDD) proposed by Xie, Eldar, and Goldsmith [IEEE Trans. on Inform. Th., 59(6):3858-3874, 2013]. We show that by setting the sensing matrices to be column-normalized group Hadamard matrices, the exponents derived are ensemble-tight, i.e., our analysis is tight on the exponential scale given the sensing matrices and the decoding rule. Finally, we derive some properties of the exponents, showing, in particular, that they increase linearly in the compression ratio N/M.

Published
2020

23. Second-Order Asymptotics of Sequential Hypothesis Testing

Author

Li, Yonglong and Tan, Vincent Y. F.

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory, Mathematics - Statistics Theory
Abstract

We consider the classical sequential binary hypothesis testing problem in which there are two hypotheses governed respectively by distributions $P_0$ and $P_1$ and we would like to decide which hypothesis is true using a sequential test. It is known from the work of Wald and Wolfowitz that as the expectation of the length of the test grows, the optimal type-I and type-II error exponents approach the relative entropies $D(P_1\|P_0)$ and $D(P_0\|P_1)$. We refine this result by considering the optimal backoff---or second-order asymptotics---from the corner point of the achievable exponent region $(D(P_1\|P_0),D(P_0\|P_1))$ under two different constraints on the length of the test (or the sample size). First, we consider a probabilistic constraint in which the probability that the length of test exceeds a prescribed integer $n$ is less than a certain threshold $0<\varepsilon <1$. Second, the expectation of the sample size is bounded by $n$. In both cases, and under mild conditions, the second-order asymptotics is characterized exactly. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate our results., Comment: Accepted by the IEEE Transactions on Information Theory

Published
2020

25. On the Capacity of Channels with Deletions and States

Author

Li, Yonglong and Tan, Vincent Y. F.

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract

We consider the class of channels formed from the concatenation of a deletion channel and a finite-state channel. For this class of channels, we show that the operational capacity is equal to the stationary capacity, which can be approached by a sequence of Markov processes with increasing Markovian orders. As a by-product, we show that the polar coding scheme constructed by Tal, Pfister, Fazeli and Vardy achieves the capacity of the deletion channel.

Published
2019

28. Design and Experimental Research of a New Adsorption Structure for Underwater Robot

Author

Zhang Gang, Zang Hongbin, Li Yonglong, Li Jialong, and Wang Haoran

Subjects
Underwater robot, Negative pressure adsorption, Optimization analysis, Simulation, Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570
Abstract

Underwater robot has been widely used to carry out a variety of underwater inspection and maintenance operations instead of human beings, in which the adsorption structure is an important unit for the robot to face all kinds of complex slope and elevation, so its reliability is very important. But the existing adsorption structure still has some shortcomings such as weak adsorption, poor adaptability and so on. In order to solve these problems, an adsorption structure of underwater robot based on surface negative pressure adsorption is proposed in this paper. The characteristics of the adsorption structure are analyzed through theoretical research, and the adsorption structure is simulated by Ansys finite element simulation, and the effects of key parameters on the adsorption force are analyzed and discussed in detail. The theoretical calculation and simulation results show that the adsorption force produced by the adsorption structure is higher than that produced by the thruster and the plane adsorption structure. When the gap between the adsorption structure and the wall is 8mm, the maximum adsorption force of the plane adsorption structure can reach 136 N, and the curved surface adsorption structure can produce the adsorption force of 194 N, which is equivalent to more than 4.5 times the thrust of the thruster under the same condition. The physical verification and the application verification of the underwater robot are carried out, and the creeping experiments of the robot are carried out on the vertical wall. The results show that the adsorption structure can further improve the adsorption force and contribute to the climbing and adsorption movement of the underwater robot.

Published
2023

32. Lignification and Gene Expression Pattern in Postharvest Moso Bamboo Shoots.

Author

Huang, Xujie, Zhang, Yaling, Huang, Nianjun, Li, Yonglong, Yu, Fen, Zhang, Wengen, and Guo, Chunce

Subjects
BAMBOO shoots, GENE expression, JASMONIC acid, ABSCISIC acid, LIGNIFICATION
Abstract

The bamboo shoot is a crucial component of bamboo forest economy. Previous studies have demonstrated that rapid lignification occurs during the postharvest storage of bamboo shoots. However, the mechanism underlying rapid lignification after bamboo shoot harvesting remains unclear. To explore this phenomenon in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz.) shoots, we employed morphological, cytological, lignin content determination, and transcriptomic analysis methods. Our results indicated that the optimal consumption period is within 12–24 h postharvest. We identified 19,038 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with the majority enriched in pathways related to stress response, photosynthesis, and the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, abscisic acid, and jasmonic acid (JA). Additionally, copy number analysis of ten enzyme-coding genes involved in lignin synthesis revealed the regulatory network of lignin synthesis following shoot harvesting. The study offers insights into the rapid lignification process in bamboo shoots postharvest, potentially regulated by stress responses and JA. Feasible preservation methods were also explored to extend the storage duration at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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33. Minimize the Electrode Concentration Polarization for High‐Power Lithium Batteries.

Author

Chen, Weibin, Wang, Kai, Li, Yonglong, Chen, Jing, Wang, Hongbin, Li, Liewu, Li, Hao, Ren, Xiangzhong, Ouyang, Xiaoping, Liu, Jianhong, Pan, Feng, Xiao, Biwei, Zhang, Qianling, and Hu, Jiangtao

Subjects
ENERGY density, POWER density, ELECTRODES, INDUSTRIAL applications, ELECTROLYTES
Abstract

High‐loading electrode is a prerequisite for achieving high energy density in industrial applications of lithium‐ion batteries. However, an increased loading leads to elevated battery polarization and reduced battery power density, which presents a significant technical bottleneck in the industry. The present study focuses on designing a rapid electrolyte diffusion pathway to diminish lithium concentration polarization for the high‐loading LiNi0.83Mn0.12Co0.05O2 (NMC83) electrode by employing two layers of NMC83 materials with different sizes. This innovative architecture demonstrates exceptional rate performance even under challenging conditions with high‐loading and high‐rate. Additionally, the interrelationships between electrode structure, process route, porosity, and optimal thickness ratio between layers are discussed, providing valuable guidance for industrial promotion and application. The designed L‐Dry‐S electrode structure (coating large particles first and then small particles) effectively mitigates concentration polarization in the thick electrode, which is attributed to the fast electrolyte diffusion channel and the differential reaction speeds of NMC83 particles with varying sizes. The knowledge from this work is broadly applicable to other material systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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40. Asymptotics of Input-Constrained Erasure Channel Capacity

Author

Li, Yonglong and Han, Guangyue

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract

In this paper, we examine an input-constrained erasure channel and we characterize the asymptotics of its capacity when the erasure rate is low. More specifically, for a general memoryless erasure channel with its input supported on an irreducible finite-type constraint, we derive partial asymptotics of its capacity, using some series expansion type formulas of its mutual information rate; and for a binary erasure channel with its first-order Markovian input supported on the $(1, \infty)$-RLL constraint, based on the concavity of its mutual information rate with respect to some parameterization of the input, we numerically evaluate its first-order Markov capacity and further derive its full asymptotics. The asymptotics obtained in this paper, when compared with the recently derived feedback capacity for a binary erasure channel with the same input constraint, enable us to draw the conclusion that feedback may increase the capacity of an input-constrained channel, even if the channel is memoryless., Comment: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory

Published
2016

41. Reliability Analysis of GaAs-PIN Limiter Under Ultra-Wideband Pulse Radiation

Author

Yuan, Xuelin, Chen, Shengxian, Li, Yonglong, Hu, Ming, and Zhou, Teng

Abstract

With the increasing complexity of electromagnetic environments, receivers demand higher reliability from their internal components. To enhance the survivability of receivers, limiter circuits are commonly inserted at the backend of antennas to mitigate the damage caused by high-power interference pulses to subsequent sensitive components. The reliability of limiter circuits determines the stable operation of sensitive components at the backend, which holds significant implications for the overall reliability and robustness of navigation receivers. Given that Ultra-Wideband (UWB) pulse’s temporal characteristics typically last on the order of sub-nanoseconds, they can substantially influence the performance of limiter circuits. This study employs UWB-EMP as the interfering pulse to investigate the failure process and mechanism of the core device, GaAs-PIN diode, within the PIN limiter under UWB pulse exposure. Simulation results indicate that the failure of the diode’s conductivity modulation effect under UWB pulse exposure leads to the incapacity of the PIN limiter to function properly. Furthermore, the generation of multiple oscillatory pulses post-pulse exposure exacerbates the performance degradation of the PIN limiter. Experimental validations conducted via injection corroborate the simulation outcomes, demonstrating the impact of failure mechanisms and varying degrees of failure on normal signals within the PIN limiter.

Published
2024
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43. On the Capacity of Multilevel NAND Flash Memory Channels

Author

Li, Yonglong, Kavcic, Aleksandar, and Han, Guangyue

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract

In this paper, we initiate a first information-theoretic study on multilevel NAND flash memory channels with intercell interference. More specifically, for a multilevel NAND flash memory channel under mild assumptions, we first prove that such a channel is indecomposable and it features asymptotic equipartition property; we then further prove that stationary processes achieve its information capacity, and consequently, as its order tends to infinity, its Markov capacity converges to its information capacity; eventually, we establish that its operational capacity is equal to its information capacity. Our results suggest that it is highly plausible to apply the ideas and techniques in the computation of the capacity of finite-state channels, which are relatively better explored, to that of the capacity of multilevel NAND flash memory channels., Comment: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory

Published
2016
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44. Analysis of influencing factors of early neurological improvement after intravenous rt-PA thrombolysis in acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke

Author

Zhang Xiufu, Liang Ruipeng, Zhou Jun, Li Yonglong, Wang Yulin, Zeng Jian, Chen Xianglin, Shen Lan, and Zhang Zuowen

Subjects
acute ischemic stroke, early neurological improvement, intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator, clinical factors, anterior circulation, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Background and objectiveIt has been widely reported that Early neurological improvement (ENI) after rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis contributes to a good long-term prognosis in patients experiencing acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, which clinical factors influence after intravenous administration of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (IV-rt PA) in AIS patients ENI is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of influencing factors on the benefit of ENI after intravenous thrombolysis neurological improvement after IV-rt PA.MethodsThe data of 73 patients with acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke who received intravenous thrombolysis with rt-PA in Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital from January 2021 to July 2022 were retrospectively studied. According to the change rate of 24 h NISHH score, the research subjects were divided into the recovery group, the significant curative effect group, the curative effect group and the no curative effect group, the ENI after intravenous thrombolysis with rt-PA was defined as the improvement rate of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)score >46% at 24 h after IV-rt PA, and univariate factor analysis was used Clinical factors associated with ENI after intravenous thrombolysis.ResultsAccording to the 24-h NIHSS improvement rate of rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke, 35 cases (47.95%) of the study population had ENI. There was no statistical difference between the improvement and non-improvement group in general demographic data, stroke TOAST classification, stroke risk factors (history of stroke, heart disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension), and laboratory test data. There was a statistically significant difference in the random blood glucose levels between the two groups (p < 0.001, t = 3.511).ConclusionThe effect of rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis within the time window of patients with acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke is significant, but the ENI after thrombolysis is easily affected by the level of blood glucose; diabetes is the most important factor affecting the acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke patients Clinical factors of ENI after intravenous thrombolysis with rt-PA.

Published
2022
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45. Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes and phylogenetic relationships in the endemic Chinese bamboo Gelidocalamus (Bambusoideae).

Author

Wang, Chengkun, Li, Yonglong, Yang, Guangyao, Zhang, Wengen, and Guo, Chunce

Subjects
TIME perception, RIBOSOMAL DNA, CHLOROPLAST DNA, NUCLEAR DNA, BAMBOO, PHYLOGENY
Abstract

Introduction: Gelidocalamus Wen is a small yet taxonomically challenging genus within the Arundinarieae tribe. Recent molecular studies have suggested it may not be monophyletic. However, limited species sampling and insufficient molecular marker information have resulted in poorly resolved phylogenetic relationships within this genus. Methods: The complete chloroplast genomes covering all 16 species and one variant of Gelidocalamus were sequenced, and comparative analyses were conducted. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using different molecular markers, including chloroplast data, the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) repeats region, and 29 mitochondrial protein-coding genes. Additionally, the divergence times of Gelidocalamus were estimated to reveal their evolutionary history. Results: The plastomes of Gelidocalamus ranged in size from 139,500 bp to 139,801 bp, with a total of 137 identified genes, including 90 protein-coding genes, 39 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The size of the nrDNA repeats ranged from 5,802 bp to 5,804 bp. Phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast data revealed that Gelidocalamus is polyphyletic, with different subclades distributed within the IV and V clades. However, phylogenetic analysis based on nrDNA and mitochondrial genes did not effectively resolve the relationships within the genus. Discussion: Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes indicated that Gelidocalamus shares a high degree of similarity with closely related genera in terms of chloroplast genome collinearity, codon usage bias, and repetitive sequences. Divergence time estimation suggests that it is a relatively young group, with all members appearing successively over the past four million years. The complex phylogenetic patterns may arise from the rapid radiation of Arundinarieae. This study provides a preliminary foundation for further in-depth research on the phylogeny, genomic structural features, and divergence times of this genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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