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With the rapid advancement of China's urbanization, industrialization, and marketization, and the in-depth implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, the response of the territorial system of human-environment interaction in rural areas is intense, and the agricultural industry has shown a diversified development trend. Sorting and summarizing the existing research on domestic agricultural functions is important for promoting sustainable agricultural development in the new era, accelerating agricultural transformation and upgrading, and comprehensively revitalizing rural areas. Domestic scholars attach great importance to agricultural development and the services that the agricultural industry provides to society. Geographers have used their disciplinary advantages and have gradually integrated multidisciplinary theories and methods to conduct numerous studies on the conceptual connotations, theoretical bases, classification systems, measurements and evaluations, spatiotemporal processes, influencing factors, and optimization paths of agricultural functions. The academic circle has initially formed the geographical research paradigm of "theoretical basis-spatial pattern- evolution process-influence mechanism-optimal regulation." This study reviews the research progress of agricultural function in China from the perspective of geography and draws the following conclusions: 1) Based on the sorting of the definition of agricultural function in China, this paper defines agricultural function as the role or utility of agriculture, that is, the services and responsibilities that the whole agricultural industry chain renders to the whole society at different times and spaces, including providing products, solving employment problems, inheriting culture, maintaining social stability, and providing ecological services. Furthermore, it has comprehensive, cross-sectional, and regional characteristics. 2) The theoretical basis of agricultural function research includes the territorial system of human-environment interaction, agricultural multifunction, agricultural location, and agricultural function stage theories. Geographers can further improve and enrich relevant theories of agricultural functions through continuous research. 3) Considering the contribution and support of agricultural development to regional socioeconomic development and residents' lives, the researchers divided agricultural functions into product supply, economic development, social security, ecological maintenance, cultural leisure, and so on, and the spatial changes and regional characteristics of agricultural functions were further studied using GIS and RS technology and a geographic mathematical model. 4) The development of agricultural functions is affected by regional natural conditions, economic level, science, and technology. Scholars systematically integrate natural, social, economic, and other factors; scientifically diagnose each factor's mode, direction, and intensity of action in different geographical environments; and perform functional zoning and optimization based on the regional geographical environment and main influencing factors, thus promoting the transformation and development of agricultural functions toward specialization and diversification. 5) Based on summarizing the achievements of agricultural function research conducted by domestic scholars, the shortcomings of existing research in fundamental theory, method and data innovation, scale correlation, and multidisciplinary integration are discussed, and the need to improve the theoretical framework system of research in the future to promote multi-factor, multi-scale, and multi-objective systematic research is proposed. In addition, it is necessary to focus on the transforming of agricultural functions, and strengthening the integration of multidisciplinary, big data and new technological means.

Tower cranes are the most widely used lifting equipment in the construction industry. Studies on structural optimization have generally been conducted to achieve the lightest weight. Although the lighter structural weight generally brings lower manufacturing costs, the objective of minimum structural manufacturing costs for tower cranes has not been investigated extensively. In this study, a full parametric model of a tower crane was established based on the data provided by an enterprise to minimize manufacturing costs. The maximum error was within 9.5% of the actual costs for the enterprise. The main procedure was developed using the plant growth simulation algorithm (PGSA) to solve the numerical model, which requires the subprocedures of finite element analyses and manufacturing cost computations. The results showed that the optimal plan decreased the manufacturing cost of the tower crane by 15.94%, which was 2209.5 yuan lower than that of the lightest weight design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]