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Key to species of Nandithrips (* based on description) 1. Body golden yellow with head dark; antennal segments I–IV pale yellow, postocular setae pair I subequal to pair III; pronotum weakly sculptured with transverse striae; abdominal sternites II and V–VII each with a circular or oval pore plate in males [India, Urticaceae]............................................................................ pouzolziae * -. Body clearly bicolored, with head, thorax and part of abdominal tergites brown (Fig. 1); antennal segment I brown, II–III yellow (Fig. 7); postocular setae I the longest and much longer than III; pronotum smooth (Fig. 3); abdominal sternites II, IV/V–VII with pore plate in males (Figs 4–5) [China, Urticaceae]...................................... niveae sp.n., Published as part of Li, Yajin, Tong, Xiaoli & Zhang, Hongrui, 2023, The genus Nandithrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), with a new species from Southern China, pp. 395-400 in Zootaxa 5277 (2) on page 396, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5277.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/7889621

Nandithrips niveae sp. n. (Figs 1–10) Female. Macropterous. With the characters in the generic definition. Body length about 1.2mm. Body bicolored (Fig. 1); legs brown with tibiae and tarsi yellow; Head and thorax brown, abdominal tergites I–II brown, III brown with posterior part yellow, IV–VII yellow (VII sometimes with a brown patch in middle), VIII–IX light brown; antennal segment I brown, II–III yellow, IV–VIII brown with the base of IV slightly yellow (Fig. 7); fore wing pale, with one shaded cross bands medially, clavus brown with apex pale (Fig. 6). Body setae clear in color. Head wider than long, with transverse striate sculpture dorsally on posterior fourth; ocellar setae I and II absent, setae III situated near the outside margins of ocellar triangle; 5–6 pairs of postocular setae arranged parallel to compound eyes, setae I the longest and situated just behind posterior ocelli (Fig. 3); mouth cone pointed, maxillary palps 3-segmented (Fig. 8). Compound eyes with 4 pigmented facets ventrally. Antennae 8-segmented, segment I without dorso-apical setae, III and IV with sense cone forked, VIII slightly longer than VII (Fig. 7). Pronotum wider than long, surface smooth, with about 40 discal setae, four pairs of posteromaginal setae; two pairs of long posteroangular setae, inner pair longer than outer pair (Fig. 3). Prosternal ferna undivided, probasisternum without setae. Mesonotum transverse, median setae in front of posterior margin and submedian setae close to or at posterior margin, CPS present anteromedially. Metanotum reticulate but longitudinally striate laterally; median setae situated at anterior margin, CPS present (Fig. 3). Mesosternal furca with spinula, metasternal without furca (Fig. 8). Fore wing first vein with 6–7 basal setae and 3 distal setae, second vein with 9 scattered setae; anterior fringe cilia longer than costal setae; clavus with 4–5 veinal setae and 1 discal seta; posteromarginal cilia wavy (Fig. 6). Tarsi 2-segmented, hind tibiae each with two stout spines at apex. Abdominal tergites smooth, with a few striae laterally, posteromarginal craspeda and ctenidia absent; tergite VIII with posteromarginal comb but absent medially; tergite IX with two pairs CPS; tergite X with median split almost complete (Fig. 9); sternite II with 2 pairs of posteromarginal setae, III–VII with 3 pairs, VII with all posteromarginal setae in front of posterior margin; sternites with no discal setae. Measurements (holotype female in microns): Body length 1205. Head, length 65; width 129; ocellar setae III length 18. Pronotum, length 124, width 190; posteroangular setae length, inner 59, outer 40; posteromarginal setae I length 38. Metascutum median setae length 40. Fore wing length 635. Antennal segments III to VIII length as follows: 43, 44, 35, 45, 6, 9. Male. Body length about 1.0 mm. Similar to female (Fig. 2). Body color lighter brown than female (Fig. 2). Abdominal tergite VIII posteromarginal comb absent medially, IX with two pairs of short setae medially, the anterior pair shorter than posterior pair, one pair of CPS present (Fig. 10). Sternite II with an oval pore plate, IV/V–VII each with a wide, broadly transverse pore plate (Figs 4–5). Measurements (paratype male in microns): Body length 1058. Head, length 78, width 107; ocellar setae III length 10. Pronotum, length 106, width 140; posteroangular setae length, inner 47, outer 36; posteromarginal setae I length 30. Metascutum median setae length 28. Fore wing length 557. Antennal segments III to VIII length as follows: 38, 41, 28, 34, 6, 8. Specimens examined. Holotype: female, CHINA, Guizhou Province, Danzhai County, Maobiling Forest Park, from Boehmeria nivea flowers (Figs 11–12) [Urticaceae], 23.viii.2016 (Xueqiang Yan), in collection of Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming (YNAU). Paratypes: 6 females, 6 males collected with holotype; Guizhou Province, Xingyi City, Wanfengling Forest Park, 4 females, 1.ix.2016, from Boehmeria sp.; Yunnan Province, Baoshan City, Gaoligong Mountain Nature Reserve, 5 females, 9 males, 14. vi. 2015, from Boehmeria sp. (with more than 50 individuals preserved in alcohol) (YNAU). Hunan Province, Yanling National Forest Park, 1 female, 1 male collected from Boehmeria sp., 25.viii.2015 (Zhaohong Wang); 1 female, 1 male same data as holotype (ANIC). Etymology. The species is named after the host plant. Discussion. Nandithrips genus is remarkable among Thripinae, with the posteromarginal comb absent medially on abdominal tergite VIII in females, sternite II of male with an oval pore plate, and ocellar setae II absent. The length of microtrichia and the width of the median tergal area without microtrichia vary, sometimes microtrichia are long and fine with the median lacking area narrow, as in Nandithrips, Pandorathrips, Lomatothrips and Paroxythriops (Mound 2006, Masumoto & Okajima 2017). In other genera the microtrichia are short and the median lacking area is broad, such as Megalurothrips, Tenothrips and some Thrips species (Mound & Palmer 1981, Mirab-balou et al. 2012, Masumoto & Okajima 2013). Tergite VIII of Nandithrips species, with the comb of long slender teeth interrupt medially in both sexes, is similar to that of the Australian genus Pandorathrips. However, Pandorathrips has the abdominal segments with a craspedum and the S2 setae much closer to S1 setae, indicating that it is unrelated to Nandithrips (Mound & Masumoto 2009). Mound (2009) discussed nine distribution arrangements of the pore plates among male Thripinae. These structures are usually found on sternites III–VI, sometimes on sternites VII and VIII, but rarely reported on sternite II. The record of a pore plate on sternite II in males of Paraleucothrips Johansen remains questionable because of the poor quality of the available slide-mounted specimens (Mound, pers. comm.). Another record of pore plate on sternite II was in males of Yoshinothrips, with 20-28 scattered pore plates. Nandithrips with one oval pore plate on abdominal sternite II in males is possibly unique among Thripinae. Rachana et al. (2023) indicated that the lack of ocellar setae pair II in this genus is similar to Bournierothrips Bhatti, but the genus is not related to Thrips genus-group, because of the absence of ctenidia on the abdominal tergites. Mound & Palmer(1981) discussed some characters to assess phylogenetic relationships between some genera of Thripidae, and indicated that ocellar setae II was remarkably constant both in size and position. Otherwise, the genus Adelphithrips from New Zealand was described as lacking ctenidia and discussed as a sister-group of Thrips genus-group because of this absence was plesiotypic. The following characters in Nandithrips indicate that this genus may be related to Thrips genus-group and Taeniothrips genus-group: antennae 8-segmented, ocellar setae I absent, mesosternal furca with spinula, metasternal without furca, metanotal media setae at anterior margin, fore wing first vein setal row widely interrupted, tergal posteromarginal craspeda and ctenidia absent, sternal discal setae absent.The relationships of these genera need to be examined further using molecular data. This new species is readily distinguished from the type species in the above key. The host plant is cultivated widely in China and is distributed mainly in South China, but also in Gansu, Henan, and Shaanxi Provinces. The history of cultivation of Boehmeria nivea in China can be traced back at least 3000 years. It is an important fibre plant and a traditional Chinese medicine, the young leaves of Boehmeria are also used as fodder for silkworms (Chen et al. 2003). A large number of adults of this thrips species were collected from the medicinal plant Boehmeria sp, but without any larvae being collected. The host plant of this new species is a member of the same botanical family as the type species, and the biology of Nandithrips species is not yet certain.

Mycterothrips cangshanensis sp. n. (Figs 10–17) Female macroptera. Body brown (Fig. 10); antennae brown with the base and apex of segment III pale (Fig. 15); all legs brown with tarsus yellowish brown; fore wings brown except base pale, clavus brown with apex yellow (Fig. 16); body setae strong and dark brown. Head wider than long, slightly rounded at cheeks; ocellar setae I present, setae III situated between posterior ocelli, postocular setae I the longest (Fig. 12). Antennae 8-segmented, segment I with two dorsal apical median setae, II with microtrichial rows and a mid-dorsal seta below CPS on dorsal surface, segments III and IV with sense cone forked and tapering in distal neck-like third (Fig. 15). Pronotum wider than long, dorsal surface smooth; two pairs of posteromarginal setae, setae I slightly longer; two pairs of posteroangular setae, setae I subequal to setae II. Mesonotum with CPS anteromedially; median pair of setae near posterior margin. Metanotum with reticulate striations, but with irregular longitudinal striations laterally, median pair of setae situated at anterior margin, CPS absent (Fig. 12). Fore wing first vein with seven setae at base and two near apex, second vein with setal row complete; posterior fringe cilia slightly wavy; clavus with 5 marginal setae and one discal seta (Fig. 16). Abdominal tergites without ciliate microtrichia on lines of sculpture, smooth medially, but posterior margin of laterotergites often partly irregularly dentate; tergite II with 3 lateral marginal setae, tergites VI–VIII with S4 setae minute; tergite VIII with complete posteromarginal comb (Fig. 13); tergite IX with both anterior and posterior pairs of CPS; tergite X with longitudinally split in distal 1/3; sternites without discal setae; median pair of setae on sternite VII situated in front of posterior margin. Measurements (holotype female in microns). Body length 1477. Head, length 98; width across eyes 161. Ocellar setae III length 68. Pronotum, length 137; maximum width 196; posteroangular setae length, inner 66, outer 66. Metanotum median setae length 52. Fore wing length 960. Antennal segments III–VIII length 62, 54, 32, 37, 10, 16. Male macroptera. Body paler and smaller than female (Fig. 11); antennae 8-segmented, segment VI with microtrichia on dorsal and ventral surfaces, almost as long as that female; abdominal tergite VIII with complete posteromarginal comb; tergite IX with one pair of CPS, SB1 setae vestigial (Fig. 14); sternite without discal seta; hypomere expanded at apex (Fig. 17). Measurements (paratype male in microns). Body length 1115. Head, length 95; width across eyes 137. Ocellar setae III length 45. Pronotum, length 102; maximum width 161; posteroangular setae length, inner 55, outer 55. Metanotum median setae length 34. Fore wing length 716. Antennal segments III–VIII length 55, 52, 30, 38, 8, 16. Specimens examined. Holotype female: CHINA, Yunnan Province, Dali City, Cangshan Mountain, from Parthenocissus quinquefolia, 15.vii.2018 (Hui Liu), in collection of Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming. Paratypes: 6 females, 2 males, collected with holotype. Etymology. The new species is named after collected place. Comments. This new species is similar to to M. weii from Iran, with ocellar setae I present, mesonotum with CPS anteromedially, abdominal tergites without ciliate microtrichia on lines of sculpture and tergite II with 3 lateral marginal setae (Mirab-Balou et al. 2011), but this new species has the body brown, ocellar setae III situated between the posterior ocelli, posterior margin of abdominal laterotergites often partly irregularly dentate and SB1 setae degenerate on tergite IX of male.

Mycterothrips grandis Masumoto & Okajima, 2006 (Figs 25–31) Previously known only from females taken in Japan, this species is here newly recorded from China and the male is described for the first time. Male macroptera. Body smaller than female (Figs 25–26); head and thorax brown (Figs 26, 29); antennal segment VI much longer than that of female, about 1.4 times as long as combined length of segments I–V, with long setae and without microtrichia (Figs 27–28); abdominal tergite VIII with complete posteromarginal comb; IX with one pair of CPS and SB1vestigial (Fig. 30); abdominal sternites without discal setae; hypomere expanded at apex (Fig. 30). Measurements (male in microns). Body length 1481. Head, length 104; width across eyes 177. Ocellar setae III length 57. Pronotum, length 127; maximum width 175; posteroangular setae length, inner 60, outer 54. Metanotum median setae length 29. Fore wing length 860. Antennal segments I–VIII length 28, 40, 36, 35, 18, 197, 7, 8. Specimens studied. CHINA, Guangxi Province, Guilin botanical garden, 2 females and 1 male from Brassica napus, 17.iii.2009 (Yonghui Xie). Comments. This is an unusual species in that antenna segment II lacks any mid-dorsal seta below CPS and ocellar setae pair I absent. The species may belong to the consociatus -group according to Masumoto and Okajima (2006).

Mycterothrips hani sp.n. (Figs 36–42) Female macroptera. Body yellow to brown (Fig. 36); head and thorax yellow with brown lateral margins, mesonotum shaded at anterior margin; abdominal segments I & IX–X yellow, II–VIII brown with posterior margin of 1/3 yellow (Fig. 38); antennal segments I–II brown, the base and apex of segments III–IV yellow, and extreme base of V slightly paler, VI brown, VII–VIII light brown (Fig. 42); all legs yellowish brown, fore wings pale, sometimes with small brown patch on the sub-base and apex of clavus (Fig. 41); prominent body setae yellow. Head wider than long, slightly rounded at cheeks; ocellar setae I present, setae III situated near anterior margin of posterior ocelli, postocular setae I behind posterior ocelli (Fig. 38). Antennae 8-segmented, segment I with two dorsal apical median setae, II with 3 microtrichial rows on dorsal surface and a mid-dorsal seta below CPS on dorsal surface, III and IV widest at middle and tapering in distal neck-like third, III–VI with some rows of microtrichia on dorsal and ventral surfaces, VIII slightly longer than VII (Fig. 42). Pronotum wider than long, smooth medially, weakly sculptured with transverse striations on anterior and posterior part, with about 30 discal setae; two pairs of posteromarginal setae, setae I longer than setae II; inner posteroangular setae subequal to outer one (Fig. 38). Mesonotum with CPS anteromedially; median pair of setae situated near or on posterior margin. Metanotum with weak reticulations, but with longitudinal striations laterally, median pair of setae situated at anterior margin, CPS absent (Fig. 38). Fore wing first vein with seven setae at base and two near apex, second vein with setal row complete; posterior fringe cilia slightly wavy; clavus with 5 marginal setae and one discal seta (Fig. 41). Abdominal tergites and laterotergites without ciliate microtrichia; tergite II with 3 lateral marginal setae; tergites VI–VIII with S4 setae minute; tergite IX with both anterior and posterior pairs of CPS; tergite X split longitudinally in distal half (Fig. 39); sternites without discal setae; sternite VII with median pair of setae situated in front of posterior margin. Measurements (holotype female in microns). Body length 1379. Head, length 125; width across eyes 156. Ocellar setae III length 53. Pronotum, length 123; maximum width 193; posteroangular setae length, inner 60, outer 58. Metanotum median setae length 37. Fore wing length 754. Antennal segments III–VIII length 48, 55, 38, 48, 12, 18. Male macroptera. Body paler and smaller than female (Fig. 37); antennae 8-segmented, segment VI almost as long as that of female, with microtrichia on dorsal and ventral surfaces; abdominal tergite VIII with complete posteromarginal comb; IX with one pair of CPS and SB1vestigial (Fig. 40); abdominal sternites without discal setae; hypomere not expanded at apex. Measurements (paratype male in microns). Body length 1128. Head, length 92; width across eyes 133. Ocellar setae III length 42. Pronotum, length 97; maximum width 152; posteroangular setae length, inner 48, outer 42. Metanotum median setae length 35. Fore wing length 634. Antennal segments III–VIII length 47, 49, 34, 46, 10, 16. Specimens examined. Holotype female: CHINA, Chongqing City, Xiushan County, Fenghuangshan Forest Park, from Hemiboea subcapitata, 7.viii.2017 (Yajin Li), in collection of Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming. Paratypes: 2 females, 2 males, collected with holotype; 5 females, 2 males from Oplismenus compositus, 7.viii.2017, same locality and collector. Etymology. In honor of Mr. Yunfa Han for his excellent work on thrips taxonomy in China. Comments. This species is similar to M. weii, but has antennal segments I–II brown, and the male with SB1 on tergite IX vestigial. In addition, the yellow head with brown lateral margins is unusual among Mycterothrips members., Published as part of Li, Yajin & Zhang, Hongrui, 2022, Five new species and two new records of Mycterothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) from Southern China, pp. 544-566 in Zootaxa 5214 (4) on pages 544-566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7397755

Mycterothrips photiniae sp.n. (Figs 6–9) Female macroptera. Body brown (Fig. 8), all legs brown except tibia apex and tarsus yellowish brown; antennae brown with apex of segment III yellow (Fig. 6); fore wings brown except base pale, clavus brown with apex yellow. Head wider than long, slightly rounded at cheeks; ocellar setae I absent, setae III situated near anterior margin of posterior ocelli; five or six pairs of postocular setae (Fig. 7). Antennae 8-segmented, segment I with two dorsal apical median setae, II with 3 microtrichial rows on dorsal surface, III–VI with some rows of microtrichia on dorsal and ventral surfaces, VIII slightly longer than VII (Fig. 6). Pronotum wider than long, weakly sculptured with transverse striations, but smooth medially; one or two pairs of posteromarginal setae; two pairs of posteroangular setae, inner setae shorter than outer one. Mesonotum with CPS anteromedially; median pair of setae near posterior margin. Metanotum reticulate striate, but with irregular longitudinal striations laterally, CPS absent (Fig. 7). Fore wing first vein with seven setae at base and two near apex, second vein with setal row complete; posterior fringe cilia slightly wavy; clavus with 5 marginal setae and one discal seta. Abdominal tergites II–VIII without ciliate microtrichia on lines of sculpture, but often with a few large irregular microtrichia on sculpture lines at least on segment VIII; tergite II with 3 lateral marginal setae, tergites VI–VIII with S4 setae minute; tergite IX with posterior pair of CPS; tergite X split longitudinally in distal 1/4 (Fig. 9); sternites without discal setae; VII with median pair of setae situated in front of posterior margin. Measurements (holotype female in microns). Body length 1454. Head, length 100; width across eyes 154. Ocellar setae III length 42. Pronotum, length 125; maximum width 189; posteroangular setae length, inner 58, outer 68. Metanotum median setae length 54. Fore wing length 932. Antennal segments III–VIII length 59, 50, 38, 45, 10, 19. Male. Unknown. Specimens examined. Holotype female: CHINA, Yunnan Province, Shilin County, Long Lake, from Photinia serratifolia, 15.iii.2017 (Yajin Li), in collection of Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming. Paratypes: 4 females, collected with holotype; 4 females, from Pinus sp., collected on the same locality. Etymology. In reference to the host plant of this species. Comments. This species runs to grandis in the key to world species of Mycterothrips, but this new species has the body brown, mesonotum with anteromedian CPS and abdominal tergite II with 3 lateral marginal setae., Published as part of Li, Yajin & Zhang, Hongrui, 2022, Five new species and two new records of Mycterothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) from Southern China, pp. 544-566 in Zootaxa 5214 (4) on pages 544-566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7397755

Key to species of Mycterothrips (female) from China (* indicates species placed in the key from descriptions) 1. Ocellar setae I absent (Fig. 7)........................................................................... 2 -. Ocellar setae I present (Figs 12, 19, 38)................................................................... 3 2. Antennal segment II with a mid-dorsal seta present below CPS (Fig. 6); abdominal tergum II with three lateral marginal setae; body uniformly brown...................................................................... photiniae sp.n. -. Antennal segment II without a mid-dorsal seta (Fig. 28); abdominal tergum II with four lateral marginal setae; body pale.................................................................................................. grandis 3. At least abdominal sternite VI with discal setae (Fig. 21)...................................................... 4 -. Abdominal sternites without discal setae................................................................... 7 4. Abdominal tergites II–VIII with numerous ciliate microtrichia on lines of sculpture................................. 5 -. Abdominal tergites II–VIII without ciliate microtrichia on lines of sculpture....................................... 6 5. Abdominal sternites III–VII with 7–12 discal setae................................................ gongshanensis -. Abdominal sternites IV–V with 0–2 discal setae, sternite VI with 1–2 discal setae, III and VII without discal setae (Fig. 21)..................................................................................... daweishanensis sp.n. 6. Fore wings banded; abdominal segments bicoloured, tergum VIII and segments IX–X dark brown, terga III–VII with median brown markings; sterna II–VII with 1–10 pairs of discal setae.......................................... setiventris * -. Fore wings not banded; abdominal segments yellow; sterna III–VII with one pair of discal setae................. auratus * 7. Fore wings with two dark bands at apex and middle.................................................... fasciatus -. Fore wings not banded (Figs 5, 41)....................................................................... 8 8. Abdominal tergites II–VII and laterotergites with numerous ciliate microtrichia along lines of sculpture laterally, microtrichia uniform and regular on all segments...................................................................... 9 -. Abdominal tergites II–VII and laterotergites without numerous ciliate microtrichia along lines of sculpture, when present microtrichia are either small and dentate, or if ciliate then irregular and usually on posterior segments only............. 10 9. Antennal segment VI longer than IV, III pale at basal third, IV often pale at base.............................. glycines -. Antennal segment VI shorter than IV, III not pale at basal third, IV usually pale at base...................... nilgiriensis 10. Abdominal tergite II with three lateral marginal setae........................................................ 11 -. Abdominal tergite II with four lateral marginal setae........................................................ 13 11. Postocular setae III distinctly stouter and longer than other setae, more than half length of ocellar setae III (Fig. 33).... latus -. Postocular setae III not as above, not distinctly stouter and longer than other setae................................. 12 12. Body yellow to brown (Fig. 36); pronotum smooth medially, and with weak transverse striations (Fig. 38); abdominal tergites without ciliate microtrichia nor irregularly dentate on posterior margin of laterotergites (Fig. 39)............... hani sp.n. -. Body uniformly brown (Fig. 10); pronotum smooth (Fig. 12); abdominal tergites without ciliate microtrichia on lines of sculpture, but irregularly dentate on posterior margin of laterotergites (Fig. 13)..................... cangshanensis sp.n. 13. Mesonotum without CPS anteromedially................................................................. 14 -. Mesonotum with CPS anteromedially.................................................................... 15 14. Body yellow; abdominal tergite IX without CPS.......................................................... ricini -. Body uniformly brown to dark brown; abdominal tergite IX with two pairs of CPS......................... consociatus 15. Abdominal tergite IX with only posterior pair of CPS................................................... araliae -. Abdominal tergite IX with two pairs of CPS............................................................... 16 16. Fore wings uniformly brown; pronotum with posteroangular inner setae longer than outer....................... yelangi -. Fore wings brown, with base and apex pale; pronotum with posteroangular inner setae subequal to outer............... 17 17. Abdominal tergites without ciliate microtrichia on lines of sculpture, posterior margins with microtrichia laterally; metascutum with median pair of setae behind anterior margin................................................ caudibrunneus * -. Abdominal tergites without ciliate microtrichia on lines of sculpture, posterior margin of tergites V–VII without microtrichia laterally (Fig. 3); metascutum with median pair of setae situated near anterior margin (Fig. 2)................ bicolor sp.n., Published as part of Li, Yajin & Zhang, Hongrui, 2022, Five new species and two new records of Mycterothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) from Southern China, pp. 544-566 in Zootaxa 5214 (4) on pages 544-566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7397755

Mycterothrips daweishanensis sp. n. (Figs 18–24) Female macroptera. Body brown (Fig. 18); antennae wholly brown; all legs brown except tibia apex and tarsus yellowish brown (Fig. 20); fore wings brown except base pale; clavus brown with apex pale (Fig. 24). Head wider than long, slightly rounded at cheeks; ocellar setae I present, setae III situated near anterior margin of posterior ocelli; 5–6 pairs of postocular setae (Fig. 19). Antennae 8-segmented, segment I with two dorsal apical median setae, II with 3 microtrichial rows on dorsal surface; III and IV widest at middle and tapering in distal necklike third; III–VI with some rows of microtrichia on dorsal and ventral surfaces; VIII slightly longer than VII (Fig. 20). Pronotum wider than long, weakly sculptured with transverse striations, inner posteroangular setae shorter than outer pair; two pairs of posteromarginal setae. Mesonotum with CPS absent; median pair of setae near posterior margin, Metanotum reticulate striate, but with irregular longitudinal striations laterally, CPS absent (Fig. 19). Fore wing first vein with seven setae at base and two near apex, second vein with setal row complete; posterior fringe cilia slightly wavy; clavus with 5 marginal setae and one discal seta (Fig. 24). Abdominal tergites and laterotergites without ciliate microtrichia on lines of sculpture; tergite II with 4 lateral marginal setae; tergites VI–VIII with S4 setae minute; tergite IX with only posterior pair of CPS; tergite X split longitudinally in distal 1/3 (Fig. 22); abdominal sternite IV–V with 0–1 discal setae, VI with 1–2 discal setae; sternite VII with median pair of setae situated in front of posterior margin (Fig. 21). Measurements (holotype female in microns). Body length 1557. Head, length 101; width across eyes 168. Ocellar setae III length 70. Pronotum, length 140; maximum width 194; posteroangular setae length, inner 85, outer 89. Metanotum median setae length 62. Fore wing length 895. Antennal segments III–VIII length 54, 57, 36, 44, 10, 20. Male Unknown. Specimens examined. Holotype female: CHINA, Yunnan Province, Pingbian County, Dawei Mountain, from Gardneria multiflora, 3.viii.2017 (Bo Kong), in collection of Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming. Paratypes: 6 females, collected with holotype. Etymology. The new species is named after collected place. Comments. This species runs to M. auratus in the key to world species of Mycterothrips by Masumoto and Okajima (2006), and these two share the following character states: Ocellar setae III near anterior margin of hind ocelli; mesonotum without campaniform sensilla anteromedially; abdominal tergum II with four lateral marginal setae; sternites III–VII with discal setae. However, this new species differs in having antennae wholly brown, pronotum with two long discal setae near anterior margin, abdominal tergites without ciliate microtrichia along lines of sculpture, tergite IX with only posterior pair of CPS, sternites IV–VI with 0–2 discal setae. This species is also similar to M. nastarani, but that has the body uniformly yellowish white, mesonotum with CPS, and sternites III–VII with more than 3 discal setae.

Mycterothrips fasciatus Masumoto & Okajima, 2006 This species exhibits some variations in ocellar setae I and the CPS of abdominal tergite IX. It was described by Masumoto and Okajima from about 150 females and 5 males collected in various parts of Japan, and also recorded from Malaysia. These authors stated that ocellar setae I present, but on abdominal tergite IX only the posterior pair of CPS present. In contrast, Yan et al. (2018) recorded this species in China from 23 females and 3 males, but although ocellar setae I present on most of these, two individuals lacked ocellar setae I, and one specimen had only a single ocellar seta present. Moreover, 16 females had two pairs of CPS on abdominal tergite IX, whereas six individuals had only the posterior pair. The same condition is present in the Japanese species M. japonicus, number of CPS on tergite IX seems to be variable(Masumoto pers. comm.2022). Thus variation in these character states requires further study, to determine their stability and reliability for distinguishing species. Specimens studied. CHINA, Yunnan Province, Xiangyun County, Shuimu Mountain, 6 females and 1male from Nothopanax sp., 6. v. 2016 (Hongrui Zhang); Pingbian County, Dawei Mountain, 4 females from ferns, 14. v. 2017 (Yajin Li); Guizhou Province, Danzhai County, Maoniling Forest Park, 4 females and 2 males from Rhus chinensis, 23. viii. 2016 (Xueqiang Yan); Shuicehng County, Yushe National Forest Park, 6 females from Tapiscia sinensis, 5 females from Stachyurus himalaicus, 12.ix.2017 (Yajin Li)., Published as part of Li, Yajin & Zhang, Hongrui, 2022, Five new species and two new records of Mycterothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) from Southern China, pp. 544-566 in Zootaxa 5214 (4) on pages 544-566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7397755, {"references":["Masumoto, M. & Okajima, S. (2006) A revision of and key to the world species of Mycterothrips Trybom (Thysanoptera, Thripidae). Zootaxa, 1261 (1), 1 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1261.1.1","Yan, X. Q., Li, Y. J., Geng, K., Li, Z. Y. & Zhang, H. R. (2018) Thrips Species in Guizhou Province and a New Recorded Species from China (Thysanoptera: Thripinae). Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University (Natural Science), 33 (4), 772 - 777. https: // doi. org / 10.12101 / j. issn. 1004 - 390 X (n). 201708035"]}

Mycterothrips bicolor sp. n. (Figs 1–5) Female macroptera. Body bicolored (Fig. 1); head, thorax and abdominal segment I yellow, abdominal segment II brown, segments III–X dark brown; antennae brown, with apex of segment III pale (Fig. 4); all legs yellow; fore wings light brown with base yellow, clavus yellow (Fig. 5); prominent body setae brown. Head wider than long, slightly rounded at cheeks; ocellar setae I present, setae III situated near anterior margin of posterior ocelli; postocular setae I the longest (Fig. 2). Antennae 8-segmented, segment I with two dorsal apical median setae, II with 3 microtrichial rows on dorsal surface and a mid-dorsal seta below CPS on dorsal surface, III and IV widest at middle and tapering in distal neck-like third, III–VI with some rows of microtrichia on dorsal and ventral surfaces, VIII slightly longer than VII (Fig. 4). Pronotum wider than long, dorsal surface smooth, with a few transverse striations on posterior ¼; one pair of anteromarginal setae longer than discal setae; two pairs of posteromarginal setae, setae I longer than II, inner posteroangular setae subequal to outer one (Fig. 2). Mesonotum with CPS present; median pair of setae situated near or on posterior margin. Metanotum with very weak reticulations, but with irregular longitudinal striations laterally, median pair of setae situated near anterior margin, CPS absent. Fore wing first vein with seven setae at base and two near apex, second vein with setal row complete; posterior fringe cilia slightly wavy; clavus with 5 marginal setae and one discal seta (Fig. 5). Abdominal tergites and laterotergites without ciliate microtrichia on lines of sculpture, but often with a few large irregular microtrichia on sculpture lines at least on segment VIII, posterior margin of tergites V–VII without microtrichia laterally; tergite II with 4 lateral marginal setae; tergites VI–VIII with S4 setae minute; tergite IX with both anterior and posterior pairs of CPS; tergite X split longitudinally in distal 1/3 (Fig. 3); sternites without discal seta; sternite VII with median pair of setae situated in front of posterior margin. Measurements (holotype female in microns). Body length 1390. Head, length 90; width across eyes 142. Ocellar setae III length 68. Pronotum, length 135; maximum width 162; posteroangular setae length, inner 70, outer 70. Metanotum median setae length 54. Fore wing length 778. Antennal segments III–VIII length 60, 53, 36, 45, 8, 17. Male. Unknown. Specimens examined. Holotype female: CHINA, Yunnan Province, Xuanwei City, Xize County, from Capsicum annuum, 3.x.2016 (Bo Kong), in collection of Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming. Paratypes: 4 females collected with holotype, same locality and collector. Etymology. In reference to body bicolor. Comments. This species is very closely related to caudibrunneus in Taiwan, with the same coloration of abdomen and fore wing, ocellar setae I present, abdominal tergite II with four lateral marginal setae. However, it is distinguished by posterior margin of tergites V–VII without microtrichia laterally, metascutum with median pair of setae near anterior margin (Wang 1999, Masumoto and Okajima 2006). This species is also similar to consociatus, but differs in bicoloured body colour and fore wing with base pale., Published as part of Li, Yajin & Zhang, Hongrui, 2022, Five new species and two new records of Mycterothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) from Southern China, pp. 544-566 in Zootaxa 5214 (4) on pages 544-566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7397755, {"references":["Masumoto, M. & Okajima, S. (2006) A revision of and key to the world species of Mycterothrips Trybom (Thysanoptera, Thripidae). Zootaxa, 1261 (1), 1 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1261.1.1"]}

Mycterothrips latus (Bagnall, 1912) (Figs 32–35) Recorded from Betula sp in Scotland, England and Germany, this species with postocular setae III strongly developed is special among Mycterothrips members (Fig. 33). Masumoto and Okajima (2006) stated that the mesonotum of this species has a pair of CPS anteromedially. However, the male individual identified here as latus is without CPS on the mesonotum (Fig. 33). This is the first record of the species from China, indeed from outside of Europe, and further study needs to be based on more individuals. Material studied. CHINA, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna tropical botanical garden, 1 male from Ficus altissima, 24.x.2017 (Yanlan Xie)., Published as part of Li, Yajin & Zhang, Hongrui, 2022, Five new species and two new records of Mycterothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) from Southern China, pp. 544-566 in Zootaxa 5214 (4) on pages 544-566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7397755, {"references":["Masumoto, M. & Okajima, S. (2006) A revision of and key to the world species of Mycterothrips Trybom (Thysanoptera, Thripidae). Zootaxa, 1261 (1), 1 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1261.1.1"]}

Helionothrips Bagnall Helionothrips Bagnall, 1932: 506. Type species Heliothrips brunneipennis Bagnall 1915, by monotypy. Members of the genus Helionothrips are readily recognised within the subfamily Panchaetothripinae by the following character states: posterior part of head forming a wide transverse concave collar; antennal segments III & IV with curved forked sense cones; abdominal tergites each with a strongly developed antecostal line forming a series of arches or contiguous scallop-like areas. Wilson (1975) has provided a detailed diagnosis of this genus, with a key to the 18 species that were described up to that time. Moreover, reviews have been published of the species known from the following areas: Africa (Faure 1961), India (Bhatti 1968), Japan (Kudô 1992), Taiwan (Wang 1993) and China (Mirab-balou et al. 2017). Despite these publications some species remain weakly discriminated, being based on descriptions that lack clarity. Here we discuss some characters that can be difficult to evaluate. Fore wing color. Typically, the fore wings of Helionothrips species are dark brown at the base, with a sub-basal white band and a brown area at the veinal fork, and with the extreme apex also brown. The differences between species are in the colour of the apical half of the wing. This varies from uniformly brown (annosus, brunneipennis, shennongjiaensis), gradually fading apically (cephalicus, communis, linderae, phragmitesi sp.n., ponkikiri, unitatis), clearly banded (minutus, rugatus), to almost pale (parvus, pallidus sp. n.) (Figs 1–9). It is important to note that “gradually fading apically” involves progressive variation and thus can be difficult to assess. For example, the apical half in aino (and mube) seems more suitably scored as “uniformly light brown” (Fig. 4), rather than “gradually fading apically” as described in most published literature. Wilson (1975) described the fore wing of cephalicus as “entirely brown except for a subbasal pale patch”, whereas our cephalicus specimens are consistent with “dark brown at fork and fading apicad” as described by Kudô (1992) (Fig. 6). Similarly, Mirab-balou et al. (2017) indicate that the fore wing colour of rugatus is the same as in shennongjiaensis (brown on apical half), but our specimens of rugatus have a well-defined subapical pale band (Fig. 7). Thorax sculpture. Including one of the new species described below, only four Helionothrips species share the character of “pronotum entirely covered with reticles having numerous wrinkles”. These four are cephalicus (Fig. 21), longisensibilis, pallidus sp. n. (Fig. 20) and rugatus. In contrast, more than 50% of Helionothrips species have all the pronotal reticles without internal wrinkles (e.g. aino, errans, shennongjiaensis) (Figs 23, 24). Bhatti (1968) described the body sculpture of parvus as “resembling that of errans ”, thus implying that the pronotum of parvus also lacks wrinkles in the reticles. However, Kudô (1992) suggested that cephalicus is related to parvus, but he mentioned only that these two species share a long and uniformly black head. He did not refer to body sculpture. Amongst our samples we have specimens of parvus with head and thoracic reticles lacking wrinkles (Figs 24, 27). Therefore, the key provided by Mirab-balou et al. (2017) seems incorrect in indicating the presence in parvus of pronotal reticles with wrinkles. An intermediate condition, with only the reticles on the posterior half of the pronotum having internal wrinkles, occurs in communis, phragmitesi sp.n. (Fig. 22), ponkikiri, and unitatis. Mirab-balou et al. (2017) suggested that the head and pronotum of unitatis lack wrinkles in the reticles, but this is contrary to the descriptions in Wang (1993), Feng et al. (2007) and the website of Taiwan Encyclopedia of Life (http://taieol.tw/pages/109391). It seems that unitatis has wrinkles not only on the pronotum posterior half, but also on the mesoscutum and metanotal triangle. A further problem is that Feng et al. (2007) provided line drawings of shennongjiaensis without wrinkles in the thoracic reticles, but with more specimens now available the mesoscutum reticles of this species always have internal wrinkles medially (Fig. 25). Antennal segment IV sense cone. The forked sense cone on this segment is reported to vary in length between species. It is short in phragmitesi sp. n. described below, not extending to the mid-point of segment V (Fig. 10). In contrast, more than 80% of species in this genus have this forked sense cone generally extending to the apex of V or mid-point of VI (Figs 11–15). Unusually, brunneipennis has this sense cone extremely long and extending to the middle of VIII (Fig. 19). This condition distinguishes brunneipennis from shennongjiaensis; this latter species has the sense cone on IV extending only to the mid-point of VI (Fig. 18). Wilson (1975) stated of brunneipennis in his key to Helionothrips species “sense cone on antennal segment IV reaching apex of segment VI”, but in the main text describing this species he states “sense cone on segment IV reaching the middle of VIII”. This suggests that in brunneipennis there may be variation in the length of the sense cone on antennal IV, or that there may have been a failure to note that the inner arm of this sense cone can be shorter than its outer arm. Examination of many specimens of shennongjiaensis indicate that this character is not stable, and relationships between these two species require further study. Similarly, mube has been distinguished from aino because the sense cone on IV surpasses the apex of VI (Kudô, 1992) (Fig. 17), whereas in aino it extends only to the middle of VI (Wilson, 1975) (Fig. 16). This sense cone is more variable than these two authors considered, and mube has recently been placed as a synonym of aino (Wang et al. [in press]). Sternal pore plates of males. The number of pore plates varies between Helionothrips species. Among the 15 species recorded from China, males are unknown for ponkikiri and phragmitesi sp. n. Pore plates are absent in four species, annosus, cephalicus, lushanensis and unitatis. Circular pore plates are present in the other species: on sternite VIII only in linderae; on sternites VII–VIII in brunneipennis, communis, errans, parvus, rugatus and shennongjiaensis; on sternites VI–VIII in pallidus sp. n.; and on V, VI or VII–VIII in aino (Wang et al. [in press]). Kudô (1992) stated that the only distinct difference between aino and mube was in the number of male pore plates - in aino on sternites VII–VIII (Fig. 30), but in mube on VI–VIII (Fig. 28). However, Kudô (1992) also mentioned that pore plates of mube on VI might be vestigial. Of the 33 male specimens we previously identified as aino or mube 26 specimens have pore plates on VII–VIII, and 7 specimens on VI–VIII, including one with the pore plate on VI reduced to a very small dot (Fig. 29). This variation indicates that the number of male sternal pore plates may not be entirely reliable to discriminate Helionothrips species. Key to Helionothrips species from China (* From original description) 1. Abdominal tergite VIII posterior margin with a complete comb................................................. 2 -. Abdominal tergite VIII posterior margin with comb interrupted medially......................................... 4 2. Antecostal line on abdominal tergites III–VIII forming three contiguous scallops; [metascutal triangle with posterior margin extending over metascutellum; male without pore plate on abdominal sternites]............................... annosus -. Antecostal line on abdominal tergites III–VIII connected by a fine line, not forming contiguous scallops (Fig. 41)......... 3 3. Head yellow anterior to fore ocellus; antennal segments II and VI brown; male with pore plates on abdominal sternites VII and VIII........................................................................................... errans * -. Head entirely dark brown; antennal segments II and VI yellowish brown; male lacking pore plate on abdominal sternites.............................................................................................. lushanensis * 4. Antennal segments I and II yellow (Figs 11, 16–17).......................................................... 5 -. Antennal segments I and II yellowish brown to dark brown, never yellow......................................... 6 5. Head yellow anterior to fore ocellus and between antennal bases; mesoscutum with weak wrinkles in median reticles; male with pore plate only on abdominal sternite VIII........................................................... linderae * -. Head completely dark brown; mesoscutum without wrinkles in reticles; male with pore plates on abdominal sternites VI/VII– VIII.............................................................................................. aino 6. Pronotum without wrinkles in most reticles, at most with weak wrinkles in only a few reticles (Figs 23–24); male with pore plates on abdominal sternites VII–VIII.................................................................... 7 -. Pronotum with internal wrinkles in reticles, at least on posterior half (Figs 20–22).................................. 9 7. Head yellowish brown, paler than pronotum; fore wing brown except for a small sub-basal pale brown patch............ 8 -. Head as dark brown as pronotum; fore wing with a sub-basal white band and apical half pale, apex brown (Fig. 9).... parvus 8. Antennal sense cone on segment IV not beyond apex of VI (Fig. 18)................................ shennongjiaensis -. Antennal sense cone on segment IV extend to mid of VIII (Fig. 19).................................... brunneipennis 9. Pronotum with wrinkles only in reticles on posterior half (Fig. 22)............................................. 10 -. Pronotum with numerous wrinkles in all reticles (Figs 20–21); head, meso- and metascutum also with internal wrinkles (Figs 26, 33, 35).......................................................................................... 13 10. Head, meso- and metascutum without wrinkles in reticles [antennal segments I, II and VI brown; forked sense cone on antennal segment IV at least extending to apex of V; male unknown]............................................. ponkikiri * -. Head and mesoscutum with wrinkles in reticles, metascutal triangle with or without wrinkles in reticles................ 11 11. Metascutal triangle without wrinkles in reticles (Fig. 40); antennal segments I–II darker than VI (Fig. 10); antennal sense cone on IV short, not surpassing mid of V [male unknown]........................................... phragmitesi sp. n. -. Metascutal triangle with wrinkles in reticles; antennal segments I–II as brown as or paler than VI; antennal sense cone on IV extending to VI...................................................................................... 12 12. Antennal segments I–II yellowish brown, VI dark brown; forked sense cone on segment IV extending to basal half of VI; male with pore plate on abdominal sternites VII–VIII..................................................... communis * -. Antennal segments I–II as brown as VI; forked sense cone on segment IV extending to mid-point of VI; male without pore plate on abdominal sternites........................................................................... unitatis * 13. Antennal segment VI uniformly dark brown, VI as brown as II (Fig. 13); female abdominal segment IX about 1.7 times as long as segment X............................................................................... pallidus sp. n. -. Antennal segment VI light brown with basal half paler, VI paler than II; female abdominal segment IX at least 2.0 times as long as segment X........................................................................................ 14 14. Antennal segment I yellowish brown, paler than II (Fig. 12); fore wing with a well-defined sub-apical pale band shorter than the middle brown area (Fig. 7); male with pore plates on abdominal sternites VII–VIII......................... rugatus -. Antennal segment I as brown as II (Fig. 15); fore wing with a sub-basal white band, dark brown at fork and fading sub-apically (Fig. 6); male without pore plate on abdominal sternites................................................ cephalicus, Published as part of Xie, Yanlan, Li, Yajin & Zhang, Hongrui, 2022, The genus Helionothrips (Thysanoptera, Panchaetothripinae) in China, with two new species and an identification key, pp. 392-402 in Zootaxa 5194 (3) on pages 392-398, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5194.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7154424, {"references":["Bagnall, R. S. (1932) Brief descriptions of new Thysanoptera XVII. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 10 (10), 505 - 520. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933208673602","Bagnall, R. S. (1915) Brief descriptions of new Thysanoptera V. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 15 (8), 315 - 324. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931508693644","Wilson, T. H. (1975) A monograph of the subfamily Panchaetothripinae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 23, 1 - 354.","Faure, J. C. (1961) Thysanoptera of Africa - 5. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 21 (2), 354 - 375.","Bhatti, J. S. (1968) The genus Helionothrips Bagnall in India (Thysanoptera). Oriental Insects, 2 (1), 35 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1968.10433869","Kudo, I. (1992) Panchaetothripinae in Japan (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) 2. Panchaetothripini, the genus Helionothrips. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 60, 271 - 289. [http: // ci. nii. ac. jp / els / contentscinii _ 20170826214438. pdf? id = ART 0006278387]","Wang, C. L. (1993) The Helionothrips species of Taiwan (Thysanoptera, Thripidae, Panchaetothripinae). Zoology (Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology), 4, 389 - 398.","Ishida, M. (1931) Fauna of the Thysanoptera of Japan. Insecta matsumurana, 7 (1), 32 - 42.","Hood, J. D. (1954) Three new Heliothripine Thysanoptera from Formosa. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 56, 188 - 193.","Williams, C. B. (1916) Biological and systematic notes on British Thysanoptera. The Entomologist, 49, 221 - 227 + 243 - 245 + 275 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4499","Feng, J. N., Yang, X. N. & Zhang, G. L. (2007) Taxonomic study of the genus Helionothrips from China (Thysanoptera, Thripidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 32, 451 - 454.","Chen, L. S. (1981) Studies on the Panchaetothripinae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Taiwan. Plant Protection Bulletin, 23, 117 - 130."]}

Helionothrips phragmitesi sp.n. (Figs 5, 10, 22, 38–42) Female macroptera. Body color dark brown, head entirely dark; fore femora brown, tibiae yellowish brown; mid and hind legs dark brown, with small extreme apex of tibiae yellow (Fig. 38); all tarsi yellow; antennal segments I–II dark brown, III–V and basal half of VI yellow, apical half of VI and VII–VIII light brown (Fig. 10); fore wing (Fig. 5) brown, base and apex darkest, with a sub-basal white band, weakly shaded between anterior and posterior margin at distal half; clavus dark brown. Head about 1.4–1.5 times as wide as long, completely sculptured; ocellar hump reticulate obvious with internal wrinkles (Fig. 39); ocelli large; anterior and posterior carina of occipital collar almost parallel, the posteromedian reticles of collar with many thicken dots inside. Antennae 8-segmented, general stout; forked sense cones on III extending to basal third of IV, on IV not surpassing midline of V (Fig. 10); simple dorsal sense cone on VI scarcely beyond apex of VIII, microtrichia present on ventral surface of segments IV–VI. Mouth cone rounded apically; maxillary palps 2–segmented. Pronotum entirely covered by polygonal reticles of a rather uniform size, discal setae moderately long; most median and posterior reticles with wrinkles inside (Fig. 22); mesoscutum with weak wrinkles in median reticles; metascutal triangle lacking wrinkles (Fig. 40), median setae outer and anterior to the CPS; metascutellum about 2.5 times as wide as long. Fore wing (Fig. 5) first vein with 6–7 basal and 2 distal setae, second vein with about 7 setae, posteromarginal cilia distinctive wavy; clavus with 4 veinal setae. Abdominal tergites I and II completely reticulate (Fig. 41); tergites III–VIII with heavy antecostal line divided into arches connected by a fine line, entirely covered with polygonal reticles except for posterior median unsculptured areas; II–VII lateral fourth with wrinkles in reticles (Fig. 41); VIII with comb of microtrichia narrowly interrupted medially by lacking about 4–5 teeth (Fig. 42); three pairs of needle-like setae on apex of tergite IX, S2 the longest, S1 and S3 almost subequal in length; Abdominal segment X short and small, less than half the length of IX; X with median split complete. Sternites entirely polygonally reticulate posterior of antecostal line, with three pairs of long posterior margin setae. Measurements (holotype female in microns): Body length 1562. Head, length 129; width across genae 183. Eye, length 73; width 48. Pronotum, length 154; width 223. Fore wing length 900. Abdominal segments VIII–X median length 101, 118, 55. Antennal segments I–VIII length (width): 23(21), 38(30), 53(22), 44(22), 40(20), 29(17), 9(8), 27(4). Male unknown. Specimens studied. Holotype female, CHINA, Chongqing City, Xiushan County, from leaves of Phragmites communis, 22.v.2017 (Li Yajin & Liu Hui), in collection of Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming. Paratypes: 19 females collected from same locality and plant as holotype, with 2 females deposited in Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra. Etymology. In reference to the host plant of this species. Comments. This new species is distinguished from other Helionothrips species by the reticles on the posterior half of the pronotum having internal wrinkles, the forked antennal sense cone on IV not surpassing mid-point of V, antennal segments I & II dark brown while VI light brown with basal half yellow, also mid and hind tibiae with a small yellow area at apex. This new species is most similar to communis, ponkikiri and unitatis in having the posterior half of the pronotum with reticles bearing internal wrinkles. However, in communis, ponkikiri and unitatis, the forked sense cone on antennal segment IV at least extends to the apex of V, and segment VI as brown as I & II (ponkikiri and unitatis) or darker than I & II (communis). Moreover, in this new species, wrinkles are present in the mesoscutum reticles but not in the metascutum reticles. In contrast, both the meso- and metascutal reticles have internal wrinkles in communis and unitatis versus both lacking in ponkikiri., Published as part of Xie, Yanlan, Li, Yajin & Zhang, Hongrui, 2022, The genus Helionothrips (Thysanoptera, Panchaetothripinae) in China, with two new species and an identification key, pp. 392-402 in Zootaxa 5194 (3) on pages 399-400, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5194.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7154424

Aduncothrips kailiensis sp.n. (Figs 29–36) Female macroptera. Body uniformly brown (Fig. 29); antennal segment I dark brown, II pale, II–IV yellow but shaded at extreme apex of III and distal third of IV, V–IX brown (Fig. 34); fore wings with a long longitudinal dark band, pale at subbase and apex, claves brown (Fig. 31); all legs brown, with the base of hind tibiae pale. Head wider than long, sculptured with closely transverse striae; postocular setae in two rows but irregularly arranged (Fig. 30). Maxillary palp segment II subdivided (Fig. 35). Antennal segments III–IV sensorium vermicular and around apex, with internal markings (Fig. 33). Pronotum wider than long, sculptured with transverse striae, with about 40–50 discal setae and 3 pairs of posteromarginal setae slightly shorter than discal setae, except S2 stouter. Mesonotum with closely transverse striate, with a few wrinkles between sculpture lines on posterior part; lateral and posteromedian setae short and stout; anteromedian CPS absent (Fig. 32). Metascutum sculpture with internal markings between sculpture lines, anterior-medially with closely transverse striae, posterior area with reticulation, median and submedian pairs of setae situated near middle, submedian pair slightly behind, CPS present (Fig. 32). Abdominal tergite I with transverse lines, II-VIII smooth medially, VI-VIII with lateral transverse lines weakly. Sternites II–VI with 3–4 pairs of posteromarginal setae, VII with 5 pairs of posteromarginal setae in front of posterior margin, 2 pairs of accessory setae between S1 and S2; Sternites V–VIII each with 1–4 pairs of discal setae (Fig. 36). Measurements (holotype in microns). Body length 1753; head length 141, width 188. Pronotum length 171, width 210. Fore wing length 754, median width 111. Antennal segments I–IX length: 56, 50, 81, 83, 60, 48, 34, 16, 15. Male. Unknown. Specimens studied. Holotype: female, CHINA, GUIZHOU Province, Kaili City, on Bambusa multiplex [Poaceae], 3.viii.2017 (Yajin Li), in collection of Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming. Etymology. This species is named after the collecting place. Comments. This species is particularly unusual in having the metascutal median setal pair near the middle of this sclerite, the submedian pair slightly behind the median pair, and paired CPS present., Published as part of Li, Yajin, Elie, Ntirenganya, Liu, Hui & Zhang, Hongrui, 2022, Aduncothrips newly recorded from China, with three new species and a new generic synonym (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae), pp. 49-59 in Zootaxa 5141 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6581568

Aduncothrips albus sp.n. (Figs 1–9) Female macroptera. Body uniformly brown (Fig. 1); antennal segments I–II brown, III yellow, IV pale at distal half and brown on remaining part, V–IX brown (Fig. 4). Fore wing with a brownish base and long transverse dark band in the middle, base and apex pale, clavus brown; all legs dark brown with tibiae and tarsi pale. Head longer than wider, arched at cheeks, with close transverse striae; postocular setae in 2 rows but irregularly arranged medially and laterally (Fig. 5); mouth cone pointed and extending between fore coxae, maxillary palp segment II subdivided. Antennal segments III–IV with sensorium vermicular and curving around apex, with internal markings, sensoria 0.7 and 0.8 times as long as length of segments (Fig. 9). Pronotum as long as wide, densely sculptured with transverse striae, with about 50 discal setae and 3 pairs of posteromarginal setae, S1 stouter. Mesonotum tightly sculptured with densely transverse striae, internal markings near posterior area; lateral and posteromedian setae short and stout; anteromedian CPS absent (Fig. 4). Metascutum anteromedian area with transverse dense sculpture lines and posteromedian short reticulations, with small wrinkles between sculpture lines, median pair of setae near posterior margin; CPS absent (Fig. 4). Abdominal tergite I with 2 transverse lines on anterior part, II-VIII smooth medially (Fig. 7). Sternites II–VII each with 3, 4, 4, 4, 5(rarely 4), 5 pairs of posteromarginal setae, submarginal on VII, 2 pairs of accessory setae between S1 and S2; sternites III–VII with 1–5 pairs of discal setae (Fig. 6), VIII with 1 discal seta. Measurements (holotype in microns). Body length 1882; head length 194, width 180. (Pronotum length 185, width 188). Fore wing length 707, median width 109. Antennal segments I–IX length: 36, 44, 116, 106, 59, 49, 39, 14, 16. Male macroptera. Similar to but smaller and paler than female(Fig. 2); antennal segment II pale at apex, segment III pale at base; fore wings weakly narrowed and long (Fig. 8). Maxillary palps 3-segmented, segment II undivided. Abdominal tergite I with two longitudinal ridges, IX without curved claspers, S1 setae slightly longer than S2 (Fig. 3). Sternites II–VII with 3 pairs of posteromarginal setae, VIII with 4 pairs posteromarginal setae, V–VIII each with 1 pair of discal setae. Measurements (paratype in microns). Body length 1324; head length 178, width 162. (Pronotum length 155, width 185). Fore wing length 670, median width 75. Antennal segments I–IX length: 29, 45, 107, 89, 55, 44, 38, 16, 10. Specimens studied. Holotype: female, CHINA, YUNNAN Province, Heqing County (26°56'62"N, 100°18'25"E), on grass, 27.vii.2014 (Zhang Hongrui). Paratypes: 2 females & 1 male, collected with holotype. YUNNAN Province; Xishuangbanna Gasa International Airport (26°56'62"N, 100°22'25"E), 1 female, on litchi, 23.ii.2009 (Sun Shiqing); Xishuangbanna Prefecture, 1 female, on mango, v.2009 (Sun Shiqing); Hekou County, 1 female, on Lactuca sativa [Asteraceae], 30.iv.2010 (Sun Shiqing & Liu Shengwu); Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanic Garden, 1 female on grass, 11.iii.2017 (Hongrui Zhang). Etymology. This species is named after the pale tibiae and tarsi. Comments. This new species is distinguished from japonicus in the key above. In addition, A. albus has all the tibiae and tarsi sharply paler than the brown femora, and the very long extension of the filamentous sensorium on segment III does not extend to the base. The species A. asiaticus also has the tibiae and tarsi yellow, but has fore wings with a longitudinal dark band along the posterior margin., Published as part of Li, Yajin, Elie, Ntirenganya, Liu, Hui & Zhang, Hongrui, 2022, Aduncothrips newly recorded from China, with three new species and a new generic synonym (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae), pp. 49-59 in Zootaxa 5141 (1) on pages 51-53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6581568

Aduncothrips huapingensis sp.n. (Figs 18–28) Female macroptera. Body uniformly dark brown (Fig. 18); antennal segments I–II dark brown with apex of II yellow, III–V pale with apex brown, VI–IX brown (Fig. 21). Fore wings with two longitudinal dark bands which along anterior and posterior margins toward apex, clavus uniformly dark brown (Fig. 20). All legs dark brown, with tibiae and tarsi pale, tibiae on fore leg and middle leg dark brown basally, and tibiae on hind leg with base and apex brown (Fig. 26); prominent body setae dark. Head longer than wide, with close transverse striae on dorsal surface, postocular setae irregularly arranged; maxillary palp segment II subdivided (Fig. 24). Antennal segments III–IV with vermicular sensorium and curving around apex, internal markings present. Pronotum longer than wider, sculptured with dense transverse striae, with more than 50 discal setae,3 pairs of posteromarginal setae subequal to discal setae, except for S1 longer and stouter. Mesonotum closely sculptured with transverse striate, with small wrinkles between sculpture lines; lateral and posteromedian setae short and stout; anteromedian CPS absent (Figs.22–23). Metanotum with lateral elongate narrow and posteromedian short reticulations, reticulations centralized as an inverted triangleshaped area, anteromedian area with transverse sculpture lines, with small wrinkles between sculpture lines; median pair of setae near posterior margin, submedian pair at anterior margin, CPS absent (Figs. 22–23). Abdominal tergite I with transverse lines; tergites II–VIII with transverse striae, weakly medially; Sternites II–VI with 3–5 pairs posteromarginal setae, VII with 7 pairs and submarginal on V–VII; all sternites with discal setae, II–V with 3–4 pairs, VI with 5 pairs, VII with 6 pairs, VIII with 4 pairs (Fig. 25). Measurements (holotype in microns). Body length 1909; head length 190, width 154. Pronotum length 216, width 186. Fore wing length 893, median width 113. Antennal segments I–IX length: 31, 45, 96, 89, 48, 39, 36, 12, 11. Male macroptera. Similar to female but smaller and paler. Maxillary palps 3-segmented and segment II undivided (Fig. 28). Abdominal tergites with transverse striate sculpture, tergite I with two longitudinal ridges, IX without tubercles and claspers. Sternites II–VII with 3 pairs of posteromarginal setae, IV–VII with 2–4 discal setae, VIII with 4 pairs of posteromarginal setae and 4–6 discal setae. Measurements (paratype in microns). Body length 1374; head length 145, width 150. Pronotum length 154, width 135. Fore wing length 677, median width 71. Antennal segments I–IX length: 26, 44, 86, 84, 48, 39, 28, 13, 7. Specimens studied. Holotype: female, CHINA, YUNNAN Province, Huaping County, on mango, 20.iii.2010 (Yonghui Xie). Paratypes: 1 female & 2 males collected with holotype. Etymology. This species is named after collecting place. Comments. This species can be distinguished easily from other members of Aduncothrips by the fore wings with two longitudinal dark bands, along the anterior and posterior margins toward apex. This character is similar to the recent redescription A. asiaticus (Rachana et al. 2020), but in A. asiaticus the longitudinal dark band on the fore wings is only along the posterior margin, moreover the metascutal striae form a triangle medially (Fig. 23), and the hind tibia is bicolored. It is the only species with the sense cones on antennal segments III–IV completely encircling the apex and in IV form a necktie structure., Published as part of Li, Yajin, Elie, Ntirenganya, Liu, Hui & Zhang, Hongrui, 2022, Aduncothrips newly recorded from China, with three new species and a new generic synonym (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae), pp. 49-59 in Zootaxa 5141 (1) on pages 53-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6581568, {"references":["Rachana, R. R., Rachana, B. & Shashikant, G. R. (2020) Redescription of Aduncothrips asiaticus (Ramakrishna and Margabandhu) (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae) with first description of the male, Oriental Insects, 54 (3), 398 - 401. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2019.1670749"]}

Aduncothrips japonicus (Masumoto & Okajima) comb.n. (Figs 10–17) Desmidothrips japonicus Masumoto & Okajima, 2019: 316 Male macroptera. Smaller than female (Fig. 11); antennal segment II pale, III pale at base and brown on the apex half (Fig. 13); all femora brown, tibiae pale at base half and light brown rest, tarsi brown. Maxillary palps 3- segmented, segment II undivided (Fig. 15). Abdominal tergite I with two longitudinal ridges (Fig. 17), IX without tubercles and clasper, S1 setae longer than S2 (Fig. 16). Sternites II–VIII with 3 or 4 pairs of posteromarginal setae, VIII with 1 pair of discal setae laterally. Measurements (male in microns). Body length 1424; head length 144, width 160. Pronotum length 159, width 181. Fore wing length 658, median width 94. Antennal segments I–IX length: 27, 47, 107, 93, 57, 40, 33, 12, 11. Specimens studied. 1 female, 1 male, CHINA, Yunnan Province, Shuifu County, on flowers of Duranta repens [Verbenaceae], 19.vii.2011 (Hongrui Zhang), in collection of Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming. Comments. This species was collected form the leaves of Castanea crenata [Fagaceae] in Japan, and it was described as the third species of Desmidothrips (Masumoto & Okajima 2019). Although the type specimens were collected from plant leaves, it was collected from flowers in China, and the feeding habits of this species are not yet certain. Dr Masumoto reconfirmed that the female type specimens of A. japonicus also have the maxillary palp segment II subdivided.

Aduncothrips inauditus (Bianchi) comb.n. Aeolothrips inauditus Bianchi, 1945: 261. This species has been recorded only from New Caledonia. Females and males both have the maxillary palps 3- segmented, with segment II not subdivided. The linear sensorium on antennal segments III–IV is unusually long, reaching to the base of these segments.

Aduncothrips Ananthakrishnan Erythrothrips (Aduncothrips) Ananthakrishnan, 1963: 99. Type species Erythrothrips asiaticus Ramakrishna & Margabandhu, 1931: 1029, by monotypy. Desmidothrips Mound, 1977: 149. Type species D. walkerae Mound, by original selection from two species. Syn.n. The genus Aduncothrips has been known only from India, with the only modern redescription provided by Rachana et al. (2020). In contrast, Desmidothrips was erected for a species from New Zealand, and was compared only to three genera from the southern hemisphere in which species share the character state of the sternites bearing discal setae (Mound 1977). At that time, it was not known that the type species of Aduncothrips also shares this condition, in contrast to the many species of the northern hemisphere genus, Aeolothrips, in which sternal discal setae are absent. In preparing the descriptions of the three new species from China given below, it was realized that the only character state to distinguish the genus Desmidothrips from Aduncothrips was the presence of a transverse dark band on the fore wings in contrast to longitudinal dark bands. However, the three new species from China are very similar to each other in sculpture and chaetotaxy, although one has fore wings with longitudinal bands and the other two species have transverse bands. Similar variation in wing pattern occurs among species of Aeolothrips in Europe and North America (Mound et al. 2019), and wing colour patterns are not accepted as a useful generic distinction in that genus. Females of Aduncothrips have maxillary palp segment II subdivided (Ananthakrishnan 1963, Rachana et al. 2020); a condition that also occurs in some other Aeolothripids. In the work presented here we have established that, in contrast to their conspecific females, the males of four Aduncothrips species have the maxillary palp segment II undivided, whereas in two species both sexes have this segment undivided (the male is not known in one species). Intraspecific variation has also been reported in some Desmothrips species (Mound 1967). As a result of the generic synonymy proposed here a total of seven species are now listed in Aduncothrips. Diagnosis. Female. Body color usually brown or darker; fore wing with longitudinal dark bands. Antennae 9-segmented, VI–IX united, sensorium on III–IV vermicular and extending around apex with internal markings, segments V–VIII with small sense-cones having elongate bases (Fig. 9). Maxillary palps 3-segmented; females with segment II subdivided (except in inauditus and walkerae), males with segment II not subdivided. Head and pronotum with transverse striae, without long setae. Mesonotum closely striate, CPS absent. Metascutum closely striate with markings between the striae. Fore tibiae with a pair of dark brown spines at apex. Abdominal tergites with transverse striae laterally; sternites with discal setae. Male. Similar to but smaller than female; tergites without tubercles, tergite I with paired longitudinal ridges, IX without claspers; sternites II–VII with 3–4 pairs of posteromarginal setae and with discal setae., Published as part of Li, Yajin, Elie, Ntirenganya, Liu, Hui & Zhang, Hongrui, 2022, Aduncothrips newly recorded from China, with three new species and a new generic synonym (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae), pp. 49-59 in Zootaxa 5141 (1) on page 50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6581568, {"references":["Ananthakrishnan, T. N. (1963) The Terebrantian Thysanoptera of the Indo-Ceylonese region. Treubia, 26 (2), 73 - 122.","Ramakrishna, T. V. & Margabandhu, V. (1931) Notes on Indian Thysanoptera with brief descriptions of new species. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 34, 1025 - 1040.","Mound, L. A. (1977) A new genus of Aeolothripidae (Thysanoptera) from New Zealand and New Caledonia. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 4 (2), 149 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1977.9517946","Rachana, R. R., Rachana, B. & Shashikant, G. R. (2020) Redescription of Aduncothrips asiaticus (Ramakrishna and Margabandhu) (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae) with first description of the male, Oriental Insects, 54 (3), 398 - 401. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2019.1670749","Mound, L. A., Hoddle, M. S. & Hastings, A. (2019). Thysanoptera Californica - Thrips of California. Lucidcentral. org, Identic Pty Ltd, Queensland, Australia. Available from: https: // keys. lucidcentral. org / keys / v 3 / thrips _ of _ california _ 2019 / overview. html (accessed 30 August 2021)","Mound, L. A. (1967) A taxonomic revision of the Australian Aeolothripidae (Thysanoptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, 20, 41 - 74."]}