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In the process of deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste, the decay of nuclide will generate a large amount of heat, which is released into the surrounding environment and affects the water-rock interaction of the deep geological environment. In order to explore the impact of temperature on the chemical environment of the deep groundwater in the Xinchang site, the undisturbed groundwater and deep granite samples at the Xinchang site were used to carry out water-rock interaction study at different temperatures. The research results show that the granite sample from borehole BS34 reacts with the undisturbed groundwater. The final pH value of the aqueous phase is between 6.4-8.5, and the TDS is between 1 653.9-1 759.6 mg/L. With the increase in temperature of the reaction system, the concentrations of Na+ and K+ in the aqueous phase increase, resulting from the dissolution of albite and cation exchange for Na+, and the dissolution of K-feldspar for K+, respectively. Meanwhile, the concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO-3 decrease, mainly due to the precipitation of calcite and dolomite. The higher the reaction temperature, the more calcite and dolomite are precipitated.

A conjugation on a Hilbert space $ \mathcal {H} $ H means an antilinear bounded operator that the squares to the identity, which generalizes the traditional conjugation on complex Euclidean spaces. In this paper, with the help of normalized conjugation we introduce the notion of conjugate phase retrieval on general Hilbert spaces. We characterize frames that do conjugate phase retrieval; prove that every conjugate phase retrieval frame for $ \mathcal {H} $ H consisting of all real vectors has the complement property in $ \mathcal {H} $ H , and the converse is true if $ dim({\mathcal {H}})\leq ~2 $ dim (H) ≤ 2 ; and also prove that a small perturbation of conjugate phase retrieval frame still gives a conjugate phase retrieval frame if $ dim({\mathcal {H}}) \lt \infty $ dim (H) < ∞ , but it is false if $ dim({\mathcal H})=\infty $ dim (H) = ∞. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-fluorescence white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) have great potential for large-area light sources. However, designing all-fluorescence WOLEDs that can simultaneously achieve high efficiency, low efficiency roll-off, and excellent color stability with simplified device architectures is still challenging. Herein, we report a simplified three-color all-fluorescence WOLED comprising a matrix-free TADF blue emitting layer (EML) and sensitized EMLs. By broadening exciton distribution and reducing exciton losses through multiple sensitizing processes using an advanced triple-EML configuration, we simultaneously improve the color stability and reduce the efficiency roll-off of DMAC-DPS-based all-fluorescence WOLEDs. Moreover, by introducing a blue emitter Cz-TRZ3 to enhance the charge balance, the all-fluorescence WOLED reaches a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 24.3% and maintains 22.4% and 19.6% at 100 and 1000 cd m−2, respectively. Remarkably, the device shows extremely color stable electroluminescence spectra with a negligible chromaticity coordinate shift of (0.001, 0.004) in a wide luminance range of 1000–10 000 cd m−2. Our results provide a universal strategy to achieve all-fluorescence WOLEDs with low efficiency roll-off and superior color stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the types, origins, fluoride content of brick tea available in the Sanjiangyuan region, and the local residents' consumption of milk tea, providing a scientific basis for assessing the safety of fluoride intake from brick tea. Methods In 2022, based on historical data, a survey was conducted in 11 counties (cities) in the Sanjiangyuan region where residents habitually consume milk tea. Villages with a brick tea consumption habit were selected as the unit of investigation within each county. Ten households were randomly sampled from each village to collect demographic data and information on milk tea consumption. Samples of drinking water, brick tea, and milk tea were collected to measure fluoride content, calculating the daily per capita fluoride intake from milk tea for individuals over 16 years of age. The fluoride content in water and tea was measured using ion-selective electrode methods. Results A total of 82 drinking water samples were collected, with an average fluoride concentration of 0.22 mg/L, ranging from 0.10 to 0.74 mg/L. A total of 873 brick tea samples were collected, primarily consisting of Kang brick and Fu brick, accounting for 42.96% (375/873) and 34.48% (301/873) of the total, respectively. Other varieties included Jin Jian (11.80%, 103/873), Da tea (4.81%, 42/873), Hei brick (4.35%, 38/873), and Qing brick (1.60%, 14/873). There were 69 brands of brick tea available, predominantly produced in Sichuan Province (56.24%, 491/873), followed by Hunan Province (37.46%, 327/873). The average fluoride content in brick tea was 752.3 mg/kg, with a range of 242 to 1 836 mg/kg, with Jin Jian and Kang brick showing significantly higher fluoride levels (P < 0.001). Only three samples of brick tea had fluoride content ≤300 mg/kg, representing 0.34% of all samples. The annual per capita consumption of brick tea for individuals over 16 years was 3.40 kg (1.05-5.37 kg). A total of 554 milk tea samples were collected, with an average fluoride concentration of 2.25 mg/L, ranging from 0.82 to 12.18 mg/L. The daily per capita consumption of milk tea was 2 575 ml, leading to a daily per capita fluoride intake from milk tea of 5.79 mg, with a range of 2.92 to 13.06 mg. In ten counties, the daily per capita fluoride intake from milk tea exceeded the national health standard for total daily fluoride intake (3.50 mg). Conclusion The brick tea circulating in the Sanjiangyuan region is mainly composed of Kang and Fu bricks produced in Sichuan and Hunan, with excessive fluoride content in both brick tea and milk tea. The fluoride intake among the population exceeds safe levels, posing widespread health risks, necessitating the prompt implementation of effective preventive measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this experiment was to explore the structural characteristics, expression and enzymatic activity changes during germination of wheat α-amylase and β-amylase. The structural characteristics of α-amylase and β-amylase in wheat were predicted by bioinformatics, fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression level of α-amylase and β-amylase gene in wheat seeds during the germination process, and their enzymatic activity was measured. The results showed that wheat α-amylase was an alkaline protein, β-amylase was an acidic protein, α-amylase had a signal peptide and a transmembrane region, while β-amylase did not, and the secondary and tertiary structures and number of phosphorylation sites of both amylases were similar. When wheat sprouted, the expression level of α-amylase gene first increased and then decreased, while the expression level of β-amylase gene was at a low level, the expression of α-amylase gene was induced by low concentration of salt alkali and inhibited by high concentration of salt alkali, the expression level of β-amylase gene increased with increasing salt alkali concentration, the activity of α-amylase and β-amylase significantly increased in the late stage and early stage of germination, respectively. The results indicated that wheat α-amylase was a secreted membrane protein, β-amylase was a stroma free protein, the stress responses of α-amylase and β-amylase to salt alkali were different, and they played a major role in the late and early stages of wheat germination respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: OsHV-1 is one of two herpesviruses known to infect invertebrates; this pathogen has emerged as the primary etiology responsible for mass mortalities in the species. The pathological characteristics, tissue and cellular tropisms of OsHV-1 in Anadara broughtonii (A. broughtonii) remain unknown. The objective of this study was to characterize the pathological changes and tissue tropism during the development of an OsHV-1 infection in A. broughtonii. The results demonstrated that hemocytes and fibroblastic-like cells were the primary cellular targets of OsHV-1. Additionally, lesions, infiltrated hemocytes, and co-localized ISH signals were identified in the muscular tissues of the foot and adductor muscle. These findings contribute to the understanding of OsHV-1 pathogenesis in Arcidae mollusks. OsHV-1 caused detrimental infections in a variety of bivalve species of major importance to aquaculture worldwide. Since 2012, there has been a notable increase in the frequency of mass mortality events of the blood clam associated with OsHV-1 infection. The pathological characteristics, tissue and cellular tropisms of OsHV-1 in A. broughtonii remain unknown. In this study, we sought to investigate the distribution of OsHV-1 in five different organs (mantle, hepatopancreas, gill, foot, and adductor muscle) of A. broughtonii by quantitative PCR, histopathology and in situ hybridization (ISH), to obtain insight into the progression of the viral infection. Our results indicated a continuous increase in viral loads with the progression of OsHV-1 infection, reaching a peak at 48 h or 72 h post-infection according to different tissues. Tissue damage and necrosis, as well as colocalized OsHV-1 ISH signals, were observed primarily in the connective tissues of various organs and gills. Additionally, minor tissue damage accompanied by relatively weak ISH signals was detected in the foot and adductor muscle, which were filled with muscle tissue. The predominant cell types labeled by ISH signals were infiltrated hemocytes, fibroblastic-like cells, and flat cells in the gill filaments. These results collectively illustrated the progressive alterations in pathological confusion and OsHV-1 distribution in A. broughtonii, which represent most of the possible responses of cells and tissues to the virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postmortem human brain donation is crucial to both anatomy education and research. The China Human Brain Banking Consortium was established recently to foster brain donation in China. The purpose of this study was to gain information about the public perception of and attitudes toward brain donation and to identify factors that may impact the willingness to participate in brain donation among the Chinese people. A specifically designed questionnaire was delivered to community residents in Changsha (the capital city of Hunan province) with a total of 1,249 completed forms returned and statistically analyzed. The majority of the participants considered that brain donation would help medical research and education, and 32.0% of respondents agreed that the brain donation would help change the traditional Chinese funeral belief in keeping the body intact after death. However, participants aged over 60 years old were less supportive of this concept. Among all participants, 63.7% stated that they were not knowledgeable about brain donation, while 26.4% explicitly expressed a willingness to participate in brain donation. Age, gender, monthly household income, and knowledge about brain donation significantly affected the willingness. Compared with other age groups, a higher proportion of participants aged over 60 years old preferred to be informed by a medical college. To promote brain donation in China, especially among the elderly, better communication of its medical benefits and a reinterpretation of the Confucius view of the human body should be provided. Efforts are also needed to provide appropriate forums and sources of brain donation information to targeted communities and society in general.