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2. Application status of standard systems and design schemes of crude oil custody measurement

Author

YU Sheng-yang, JIANG Lu-meng, ZHANG Cong, ZHANG Ze, LI Xing-tao, LIU Wei, DONG Shao-hua, and NIU Dian-guo

Subjects
crude oil, custody measurement, standard systems, design schemes, quality bank, Oils, fats, and waxes, TP670-699, Gas industry, TP751-762
Abstract

With the deep involvement of Chinese oil enterprises in global oil production and the breaking of the integrated management mode of production, transportation and marketing for Chinese oil and gas companies, it's necessary to have a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of crude oil custody measurement. Herein, the five major standard systems of crude oil custody measurement worldwide were sorted out. Comprehensive analysis was conducted for the application of crude oil custody measurement standards in different regions of the world, their interrelationship, and the development of relevant Chinese standards in the oil and gas field. The overall management level concerning the selection of main parameters of custody measurement, the accuracy of relevant instrument and equipment, and their calibration and verification, were analyzed systematically by comparing the requirements of different standard systems in terms of the base condition, oil measurement system, oil test and the calibration of measuring equipment. In addition, four measurement design schemes were summarized by analyzing the design schemes for custody measurement of multiple in-service crude oil pipelines by classification. Further, the quality bank of crude oil was included in the design schemes to improve the measurement management level. Generally, the research results could provide a useful reference for the promotion of relevant oil and gas standards in the emerging region and the design of various custody measurement schemes.

Published
2023
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6. Study of the Anchorage Seismic Performance for Beam-Ends Strengthened by Bonded Rebars

Author

Li Xing Tao, Jun Hong Huan, Fu Quan Xu, and Ying Li Liu

Subjects
Reciprocating motion, Engineering, Yield (engineering), business.industry, General Engineering, Structural engineering, Composite material, Reinforcement, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

This article firstly designed four specimens, including a contrastive specimen and three chemical anchorage reinforcement specimens which reinforcing the beam ends in different ways and then applied low-cycle reciprocating to the four specimens. This paper analyzed the anchor failure performance of the anchorage specimens by testing and data .The research concluded that the chemical anchorage can meet the component single drawing to components yield without failure. With the increasing of the loading series and the cycles improving, the parts of the anchor bars were pulled out.

Published
2014

8. Fruit Malformation of Satsuma Mandarin ( Citrus unshiu Marc.) Infected by Citrus Yellow Vein Clearing Virus.

Author

Li, Xing‐Tao, Su, Hua‐Nan, Tan, Ke‐Gang, Tong, Xiao‐Nan, and Zhong, Ba‐Lian

Subjects
*SATSUMA orange, *MOSAIC viruses, *FRUIT disease & pest resistance, *FRUIT morphology, *PHYLOGENY
Abstract

In 2013-2014, malformed young Satsuma mandarin ( Citrus unshiu Marc.) fruits were found in Xunwu County, Jiangxi Province, China. Common disease symptoms include slightly curled and backward-twisted spring leaves, cracked and deformed leaf edges, thickly grown spring twigs with twisted and slightly bent shoots, and malformed young fruits where groovelike depression forms from the upper portion and resembles a pumpkin. On the basis of the morphological characteristics, sequencing results and phylogenetic analysis of the infected plant, we identified the disease as citrus yellow vein clearing, which is caused by Citrus yellow vein clearing virus ( CYVCV). To our knowledge, this study is the first to report CYVCV infecting Satsuma mandarin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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10. Critical Factors for Grain Filling of Erect Panicle Type JaponicaRice Cultivars

Author

Li, Xing‐Tao, Cheng, Hai‐Tao, Wang, Ning, Yu, Cui‐Mei, Qu, Lu‐Yi, Cao, Ping, Hu, Nan, Liu, Tao, and Lyu, Wen‐Yan

Abstract

Some japonicarice (Oryza sativaL.) cultivars selected through ideotype‐breeding strategy with erect panicle type (EPT), compared with conventional japonicacultivars with curved panicle type (CPT), have greater spikelet density and higher yield potential. Higher yield potential of EPT cultivars, however, does not translate into actual yield because of poor grain filling. This study aimed to clarify the difference in grain‐filling patterns between EPT and CPT cultivars, and whether a low photoassimilate supply for grains or insufficient sink capability of spikelets restricts the grain filling of EPT cultivars. The results show that the percentage of grains with specific gravity ≥1.06 was lower for EPT cultivars than CPT cultivars and that the difference in 1000‐grain weight (TGW) between the primary and secondary branches of the base panicle of the EPT cultivar was greater than that of the CPT cultivar. With the severely reduced sink treatment, where the top and middle of panicles were removed, the TGW of the base primary branches of Shennong265 (an EPT cultivar) could attain the level of the top primary branches of the control, but the TGW of base secondary branches could not attain the same level. Increasing the source/sink ratio increased the speed of cell division of the base secondary branch spikelets of Shennong6, but they could not reach the level of the top primary branch grains of the control. These results suggest that base secondary panicles of EPT cultivars contribute to the poor grain filling, and a longer period and slower rate of endosperm cell division account for the poor grain filling of base secondary panicles.

Published
2013
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