Search

Byline: Xin-Yue. Li, Wen-He. Yang, Fu-Shan. Xue Dear Editor, With great interest, we read the recent article by Avci et al. [1] in which the serratus posterior superior intercostal plane [...]

The nutritional components of Spirulina residue were determined and evaluated. The insoluble dietary fiber was prepared by alkaline acid treatment from algae residue. The swelling capacity, water holding capacity and grease holding capacity were determined. Insoluble dietary fiber was obtained from Spirulina residue after extraction of phycobiliprotein by alkali acid treatment. Its swelling capacity, water retention capacity and oil retention capacity were measured. The adsorption capacity of dietary fiber for sodium cholate and NO2– was studied. The adsorption capacity of sodium cholic acid and NO2- by dietary fiber was researched. The results indicated that algae residue was rich in nutrients, mainly including protein, carbohydrate and water. The content of phosphorus, magnesium and calcium in minerals was the highest. Algae residue was rich in essential amino acids (lysine, valine, leucine and isoleucine) and non essential amino acids (arginine, glutamine and glutamate). The insoluble dietary fiber had a certain water holding capacity, grease holding capacity and swelling capacity, and the adsorption capacity of sodium cholic acid was relatively obvious. In the simulated human gastric fluid environment of pH=2, it had better adsorption on NO2–. This study results will provide a basis for the high value utilization of Spirulina residue.

Objective: Collagen was extracted from the skin of Micropterus salmoides and used to explore the effect of enzyme types on the antioxidant activity of collagen peptides. Methods: Four kinds of enzymes were used, namely alkaline protease, neutral protease, papain and trypsin. The enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen Alkaline protease enzymatically hydrolyze collagen peptide （APP）, Neutral protease enzymatically hydrolyze collagen peptide （NPP）, Papain enzymatically hydrolyze collagen peptide（PP）, Trypsin hydrolysis of collagen peptide（TP）, were obtained and compared their total antioxidant activity, including reducing activity, DPPH, ·OH and O-2·free radical scavenging ability, ferrous ion chelating ability and lipid Oxidation inhibitory activity. Results: Four kinds of proteases enzymatically hydrolyze collagen peptides all have antioxidant activity, and the antioxidant capacity was positively correlated with the concentration of collagen peptides. Among them, APP has the best antioxidant activity. The total antioxidant activity and reducing activity respectively were 1.725 and 0.958, and the scavenging rates for DPPH and O-2·radical respectively were 56.35% and 38.41%, respectively. Conclusion: The collagen peptides hydrolyzed by alkaline protease have better antioxidant activity.

Objectives: To investigate the interaction between tramadol and representative tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and to study the inhibition mode of drug-interaction. Methods: Liver microsomal catalyzing assay was developed. Sprague-Dawley rats were administrated tramadol with or without selected tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Samples were prepared and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used for analysis. Besides, liver, kidney, and small intestine were collected and morphology was examined by hematoxyline-eosin (H&E) staining. Meanwhile, liver microsomes were prepared and carbon monoxide differential ultraviolet radiation (UV) spectrophotometric quantification was performed. Results: Among the screened inhibitors, crizotinib takes the highest potency in suppressing the metabolism of tramadol in rat/human liver microsome, following non-competitive inhibitory mechanism. In vivo, when crizotinib was co-administered, the AUC value of tramadol increased compared with the control group. Besides, no obvious pathological changes were observed, including cell morphology, size, arrangement, nuclear morphology with the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) increased after multiple administration of crizotinib. Meanwhile, the activities of CYP2D1 and CYP3A2 as well as the total cytochrome P450 abundance were found to be decreased in rat liver of combinational group. Conclusions: Crizotinib can inhibit the metabolism of tramadol. Therefore, this recipe should be vigilant to prevent adverse reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new iridoid glycosides (1–4), rehmaglutosides L–O, were isolated from the air-dried roots of Rehmannia glutinosa. Their structures were established from the spectroscopic data obtained and by chemical evidence. The known mellittoside (5) and ajugol (6) were also obtained in the current investigation, and the structure of mellittoside was unequivocally defined using X-ray diffraction data. Compounds 1–6 were tested for their cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell lines and proliferation effects on Lactobacillus Reuteri. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cladophora rupestris is ubiquitous in many kinds of waterbodies, and C. rupestris biomass can serve as a carrier for adsorbing and transferring heavy metals. Batch experiments and characterization were performed. Results showed that the organic frameworks of C. rupestris (CROF) had a specific surface area of 2.58 m2/g and an external surface area of 2.06 m2/g. Many mesopores were present in CROF, mainly distributed in 2.5–7.5 nm. The zeta potentials were within the range of − 4.46 to − 13.98 mV in the tested pH of 2.0–9.0. CROF could effectively adsorb Pb2+ in large pH range. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of Pb2+ on CROF was 15.02 mg/g, and 97% of Pb2+ was adsorbed onto CROF after 25 min. CROF had a preferential adsorption of Pb2+. The protein secondary structures and carbon skeletons of CROF all worked in adsorption. The main Pb2+ adsorption mechanisms were pore filling, electrostatic attraction, Pb-π interaction, and surface complexation. Therefore, it is valuable as a biosorbent for the removal of Pb2+ from waterbodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven new pentasaccharides (1–7), rehmaglupentasaccharides A-G, were isolated from the air-dried roots of Rehmannia glutinosa. Their structures were established from the spectroscopic data obtained and by chemical evidence. The known verbascose (8) and stachyose (9) were also obtained in the current investigation, and the structure of stachyose was unequivocally defined using X-ray diffraction data. Compounds 1–9 were tested for their cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell lines, influence on dopamine receptor activation, and proliferation effects against Lactobacillus reuteri. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]