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The capillary rising is one of the most common phenomena in fine-grained soils. However, research is limited for capillary actions in cementitiously treated engineered soils. In this study, a soil column test was performed for the free capillary rising in compacted loess and modified loess samples. Moisture content of compacted soil samples was measured and analyzed to determine capillary height and rising rate. Results indicated that there was a considerable capillary rising in loess and lime-modified loess, while the capillary rising in cement-treated loess was significantly restrained. Current models are not appropriate for the rate and height predictions of capillary rising in cementitiously treated loess, especially in early ages. Therefore, a logarithmic form correlation was suggested and validated. In addition, salt migration effect and microscopic properties of soils after capillary rising were evaluated. Overall, the paper presented an experimental study and prediction on the capillary rising behavior of treated and recompacted engineered loess. Key words: modified loess, capillary rising model, soluble salt concentration, SEM L'ascension capillaire est l'un des phenomenes les plus courants dans les sols a grains fins. Cependant, la recherche est limitee quant a l'action capillaire dans les sols modifies au ciment. Dans cette etude, un essai sur colonne de sol a ete effectue pour evaluer l'ascension capillaire libre dans des echantillons de loess compacte et de loess modifie. La teneur en eau des echantillons de sol compacte a ete mesuree et analysee pour determiner la hauteur capillaire et le taux d'ascension capillaire. Les resultats ont indique qu'il y avait une ascension capillaire considerable du loess et du loess modifie a la chaux, tandis que l'ascension capillaire du loess traite au ciment etait sensiblement moderee. Les modeles actuels ne sont pas appropries en matiere de predictions du taux et de la hauteur de l'ascension capillaire dans les loess traites au ciment, en particulier aux jeunes ages. Par consequent, une correlation logarithmique a ete suggeree et validee. De plus, l'effet de migration du sel et les proprietes microscopiques des sols apres l'ascension capillaire ont ete evalues. Dans l'ensemble, l'article a presente une etude experimentale et une prediction du comportement de l'ascension capillaire du loess traite et recompacte. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : loess modifie, modele d'ascension capillaire, concentration en sel soluble, microscopie electronique a balayage, Introduction Capillary water rising is a frequently found phenomenon in fine-grained soil structures, induced by the shallow groundwater levels. In particular, the poor gradation and high surface evaporation commonly lead [...]

A single subanesthetic dose of ketamine, an NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, produces rapid and sustained antidepressant actions in depressed patients, addressing a major unmet need for the treatment of mood disorders. Ketamine produces a rapid increase in extracellular glutamate and synaptic formation in the prefrontal cortex, but the initial cellular trigger that initiates this increase and ketamine's behavioral actions has not been identified. To address this question, we used a combination of viral shRNA and conditional mutation to produce cell- specific knockdown or deletion of a key NMDAR subunit, GluN2B, implicated in the actions of ketamine. The results demonstrated that the antidepressant actions of ketamine were blocked by GluN2B-NMDAR knockdown on GABA (Gad1) interneurons, as well as subtypes expressing somatostatin (Sst) or parvalbumin (Pvalb), but not glutamate principle neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Further analysis of GABA subtypes showed that cell-specific knockdown or deletion of GluN2B in Sst interneurons blocked or occluded the antidepressant actions of ketamine and revealed sex-specific differences that are associated with excitatory postsynaptic currents on mPFC principle neurons. These findings demonstrate that GluN2B-NMDARs on GABA interneurons are the initial cellular trigger for the rapid antidepressant actions of ketamine and show sex-specific adaptive mechanisms to GluN2B modulation., Introduction The NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine produces rapid-acting antidepressant effects in clinical studies of depressed patients and preclinical rodent models (1, 2). Although ketamine has been traditionally used as [...]

Background: The traditional Chinese medicine prescription Ping-Wei-San decoction (PWS) has been used historically in East Asian countries. This study aimed to investigate the ingredients of the decoction and explore its potential role in the adjuvant treatment of pulmonary malignancies. Objectives: The primary objective was to analyze the ingredients of PWS and understand its potential in the treatment of pulmonary malignancy. Methods: Medical records of 143 394 patients using PWS over a decade were collected from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS detected 13 chemical components, including 12 known components. Lung adenocarcinoma data were obtained from the TCGA-LUAD dataset, and differential genes were screened using R studio. The EVENN website and the STRING database were used to identify drug action and disease targets. Setting: The study was conducted at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. Participants: The study included 3147 patients with "pulmonary malignancies." Intervention: PWS was used as an adjuvant treatment. Results: Network analysis revealed 10 core targets (CCNA2, CHEK1, TOP2A, CDK1, CCNB1, CCNB2, AURKA, AURKB, KIF11, and MELK) for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma and associated pathways. Conclusion: PWS may offer multifunctional efficacy in the treatment of pulmonary malignancies based on constituent analysis. Further research and clinical trials are needed to explore its potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling is known to be involved in the antidepressant‐like effects of conventional antidepressants, such as desipramine (DMI), a tricyclic antidepressant, and fluoxetine (FLX), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; however, the precise role of neuronal VEGF signaling in mediating these effects remains unclear. Using mice with excitatory neuron‐specific deletion of VEGF and its receptor, fetal liver kinase 1 (Flk‐1) in the forebrain, we examined the effects of forebrain excitatory neuron‐specific deletion of VEGF or Flk‐1 on the antidepressant‐like effects of repeated DMI and chronic FLX administration in the forced swim test (FST). Repeated intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of DMI (10, 10, and 20 mg/kg at 24, 4, and 1 h before the FST, respectively) significantly decreased immobility in control mice; however, this effect was completely blocked in mice with neuron‐specific VEGF or Flk‐1 deletion. Although chronic treatment with FLX (18 mg/kg/day, i.p.) did not impact immobility in control mice 1 day after the 22nd injection, immobility was significantly reduced 1 day after the preswim and the 23rd FLX injection. However, in mice with neuron‐specific Flk‐1 deletion, chronic FLX treatment significantly increased immobility in the preswim and failed to produce antidepressant‐like effects. Collectively, these findings indicate that neuronal VEGF–Flk‐1 signaling contributes to the antidepressant‐like actions of conventional antidepressants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freeze-thaw action is considered to be one of the most destructive actions that can induce significant damage in stabilized subgrades in seasonally frozen loess areas. Laboratory tests including frost heave--thaw shrinkage and microstructure change during freeze-thaw cycles were conducted to evaluate the volume change rate of loess stabilized with cement, lime, and fly ash under the impact of cyclic freeze-thaw conditions. The loess specimens collapsed after eight freeze-thaw cycles (192 h), but most stabilized loess specimens had no visible damage after all freeze-thaw cycles were completed. All of the stabilized loess samples underwent a much smaller volume change than the loess alone after the freeze-thaw cycles. Although surface porosity and equivalent diameter of stabilized loess samples increased, the stabilized loess can retain its microstructure during freezethaw cycles when the cement content was less than 6%. To ensure freeze-thaw resistance of stabilized loess subgrades, the mix proportions of the three additives was recommended to be 4 to 5% cement, 6% lime, and 10% fly ash. Key words: stabilized loess, freeze-thaw cycle, frost heaving, thaw shrinkage, microstructure, cement, lime, fly ash. On considere l'action du gel et du degel comme etant une des actions les plus destructives pouvant causer des dommages importants des sols de fondation stabilises dans les zones de loess ayant subi un gel saisonnier. Les essais en laboratoire comprennent le soulevement par le gel et le retrait du au degel alors qu'on a mene des changements de microstructure au cours des cycles de gel-degel afin d'evaluer le taux de changement du volume du loess stabilise au moyen du ciment, de la chaux et de la cendre volante sous l'effet des conditions de gel-degel. Les specimens de loess se sont effondres apres huit cycles de gel-degel (192 h), mais la plupart des specimens de loess stabilise n'avaient aucun dommage visible apres que tous les cycles de gel-degel furent completes. Tous les echantillons de loess stabilise ont subi un changement de volume bien moindre que le loess seul apres les cycles de gel-degel. Bien que la porosite de surface et le diametre equivalent des echantillons de loess stabilise aient augmente, le loess stabilise peut garder sa microstructure pendant les cycles de gel-degel lorsque le contenu en ciment etait moins de 6 %. Afin d'assurer la resistance au gel-degel des sols de fondation de loess, on a recommande que les proportions des melanges des trois adjuvants soient de 4 a 5 % ciment, de 6 % chaux et de 10 % de cendre volante. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: loess stabilize, cycle de gel-degel, soulevement par le gel, retrait du au degel, microstructure, ciment, chaux, cendre volante., Introduction Loess is a collapsible soil covering approximately 10% of the Earth's surface, it appears in vast areas from Western Europe to China (Qian et al. 1985), across North America, [...]