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Chouioia cunea is a generalist pupal endoparasitoid. Native to Eurasia, the parasitoid has been mass-reared on an alternative lepidopteran host (Antheraea pernyi) to successfully control the exotic invasive lepidopteran pest Hyphantria cunea in China. To solicit more accessible hosts, this study evaluated the potential of an easily cultured coleopteran beetle (Tenebrio molitor) as a substitute for rearing C. cunea through comparing the relative performance of the parasitoids reared from both alternative hosts on H. cunea.Compared with those reared from A. pernyi, the parasitoids reared from T. molitor (i.e., T. molitor vs. A. pernyi groups) performed equally well in terms of parasitism rate (94.4 vs. 88.9%), number of offspring produced per parasitized host (278 vs. 286), and female body length (1.334 vs. 1.351 mm), hind-tibia length (0.322 vs. 0.324 mm) and number of mature oocytes in the ovarioles (171 vs. 187), or even better based on offspring pre-emergence time (16.0 vs 16.9 days) and percentages of emerged offspring (99.8 vs. 99.1%) and female offspring (97.1 vs. 91.3%). Flight performance testing indicated that young C. cunea adults emerged from T. molitor had a similar percentage of actively flying wasps (76.9 vs. 72.9%) and a lower percentage of inactive wasps (2.3 vs. 10.6%) when compared to those reared from A. pernyi.Given the remarkable adaptability of C. cunea and the vast availability of T. molitor as a common resource insect worldwide, this indigenous parasitoid could be mass-reared on T. molitor to improve the prospect of biological control of H. cunea in its invaded regions. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

The incidence of esophageal cancer has obvious genetic susceptibility. Identifying esophageal cancer-related genes plays a huge role in the prevention and treatment of esophageal cancer. Through various sequencing methods, researchers have found only a small number of genes associated with esophageal cancer. In order to improve the efficiency of esophageal cancer genetic susceptibility research, this paper proposes a method for large-scale identification of esophageal cancer-related genes by computational methods. In order to improve the efficiency of esophageal cancer genetic susceptibility research, this paper proposes a method for large-scale identification of esophageal cancer-related genes by computational methods. This method fuses graph convolutional network and logical matrix factorization to effectively identify esophageal cancer-related genes through the association between genes. We call this method GCNLMF which achieved AUC as 0.927 and AUPR as 0.86. Compared with other five methods, GCNLMF performed best. We conducted a case study of the top three predicted genes. Although the association of these three genes with esophageal cancer has not been reported in the database, studies by other reseachers have shown that these three genes are significantly associated with esophageal cancer, which illustrates the accuracy of the prediction results of GCNLMF.

A salt spray test was used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of pickling high-strength steel JSH440W to phosphating film on its surface, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were used to analyze the micro-morphology and element content of the surface defects area of the sample after salt spray test. The results show that the enrichment of Si, Mn, and O elements on the surface of pickling high-strength steel JSH440W badly influences the film-forming performance of phosphating film. The enrichment of Si, Mn, and O elements on the strip steel surface will slow down the film-forming speed of the phosphating film and make the thickness of the phosphating film thinner, which will lead to the reduction of corrosion resistance in this area, and it is easy to cause pitting corrosion behavior, to cause the paint film on the sample surface to fall off. Reducing the enrichment of Si, Mn, and O elements on the surface of acid-washed high-strength steel and increasing the roughness uniformity of strip steel is beneficial to improving the quality of phosphating film and the coating property of pickling high-strength steel.

Aiming at the streak defects on the surface of high-quality automobile steel SP121 after stamping, the surface profile of the streak defects was analyzed by a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The micro-morphology and element content of the streak defects area were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results show that compared with the normal area of the strip steel surface, the surface roughness features of the streak defects area of SP121 after stamping are not apparent. There are many linear defects and dot defects perpendicular to the streak defects. The energy spectrum detection shows no element abnormality in the streak defects area. The surface streak defects of SP121 after stamping are caused by the poor contact between the strip steel and the stamping die, which leads to the poor fluidity of the materials during stamping, and finally, the streak defects are formed.

There are many blackening defects on the steel surface after the pickling of the hot-rolled strip. The microstructure and roughness of the picked steel surface were analyzed using SEM and LEXT OLS4000 laser scanning confocal microscope, XPS, and surface roughness measure. The experiment result shows that the blackening defects of the hot-rolled pickled steel sheet surface are aging of anti-rust oil film to the strip steel surface. In order to improve the surface quality of the hot rolling pickled sheet, the anti-rust oil coating process is improved, the thickness and uniformity of the oil film are controlled, and the management in the course of packing, storage and transportation are strengthened.

In view of the chromatic aberration defects on the surface of hot-rolled strip A510L after pickling, the microscopic morphology features of different positions of the pickled strip surface were compared and analyzed by using laser confocal microscope (CLSM), and the generation mechanism of chromatic aberration defect was studied by using high-resolution scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results show that the main cause of surface chromatic aberration defects on the surface of pickling plate A510L is closely related to the interface state between hot-rolled raw material substrate and iron oxide scale, and there is an enrichment area of Fe2SiO4/FeO binary eutectic near the hot-rolled raw material substrate and iron oxide scale, and the proportion of Fe2SiO4 is higher as it approaches the strip steel matrix, and Fe2SiO4/FeO has a strong pinning effect, which leads to the adhesion of iron oxide scale. The existence of Fe2SiO4/FeO changes the structure of carbon steel iron oxide scale, which makes the bonding force between iron oxide scale and strip steel matrix increase the difficulty of pickling process, and finally presents the surface chromatic aberration defects after pickling.

Studies to date have failed to consider gage disc cutters’ variable cutting depth and the constraints of cutter-head welds, and have ignored the coupling mechanism between the profile of the full-face rock tunnel-boring machine (TBM) cutter-head and the assembled radius layout of the disc cutters. To solve these problems, an adaptive design method for studying cutter layout was proposed. Taking the bearing stress of the outermost gage disc cutter as an index, the profile of the cutter-head was determined. Using a genetic algorithm and based on the principles of equal life and equal wear, the assembled radii of the cutters were optimally designed. Boundary conditions of non-interference between the cutters, manholes, muck buckets and welding lines were given when a star layout pattern was used on cutters. The cutter-head comprehensive evaluation model was established by adopting relative optimization improvement degree of evaluation indices to achieve dimensional consistency. Exemplifying the MB264-311-8030 mm tape TBM cutter-head, the calculations show that compared with the original layout scheme, among the 51 disc cutters, the largest gap of the cutters’ assembled radiuses is only 25.8 mm, which is 0.64% of the cutter-head’s radius and is negligible. The cutter-head’s unbalanced radial force decreases by 62.41%, the overturning moment decreases by 33.22%, and the cutter group’s centroid shift increases by only 18.48%. Each index is better than or approximately equal to the original cutter-head layout scheme, and the equivalent stress and deformation are both smaller; these results fully verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.

Chouioia cunea Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) has been widely used for biological control of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), in China. The yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), an important resource insect species distributed worldwide, is considered to be a potential alternative host for mass rearing of C. cunea to the Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi (Guerin-Meneville) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), which is currently used. In this study, we investigated the effects of host age on C. cunea mass rearing by measuring parasitism, development and adult fertility of C. cunea on T. molitor pupae of different ages. The results showed no significant differences in the percentage of parasitized hosts and developmental time of C. cunea in pupae of different ages. However, the number of C. cunea adults (137.2–154.7 adults per host) that emerged from 0, 1, and 2-day-old pupae was significantly higher than that from 4-day-old pupae. The lowest percentages of unemerged adults were found in 2-day-old (1.2%) and 3-day-old (1.4%) pupae, which were significantly lower than that of 4-day-old pupae (10.3%). The emergence of adult females from 0 to 2-day-old pupae (120.2–142.3 per pupa) was significantly higher than that from 4-day-old hosts (64.6). Adult females emerging from 2-day-old pupae carried significantly more eggs (258.2 eggs/female) than those from 0 and 1-day-old pupae (178.4–178.9 eggs/female). Our findings indicated that 2-day-old pupae of T. molitor were most suitable to rear C. cunea. Overall, this research provided valuable information to optimize pupae for the mass rearing of C. cunea on host T. molitor.

This letter presents a non-probabilistic interval-based calculation method for antenna performance evaluation. After the interval function of antenna far field pattern is given, the interval calculation process for complex exponential is deduced. Then the power pattern function affected by distortion errors is derived in accordance with interval operation rules. The method is applied to an 8-meter antenna as a numerical example.

Pod borers are economically important soybean pests in temperate and tropical regions. However, the biological control of these pests using their natural insect enemies has been poorly studied to date. Indigenous natural populations of three Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) species, Trichogramma chilonis Ishii, Trichogramma ostriniae Pang & Chen, and Trichogramma leucaniae Pang & Chen, were collected from Leguminivora glycinivorella (Matsumura) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) eggs in soybean fields in China. In this study, we compare the parasitic capacities and suitabilities of three indigenous Trichogramma species on L. glycinivorella eggs at various ages. Host eggs of all ages were accepted by T. chilonis, T. ostriniae, and T. leucaniae. T. chilonis tended to parasitize 0-2-d-old eggs more than 3-4-d-old eggs. There were no significant differences in parasitism between the 0-2-d-old eggs and the 1-4-d-old eggs for T. ostriniae and T. leucaniae. For eggs at various ages, T. chilonis parasitized the smallest number of eggs, while T. leucaniae and T. ostriniae exhibited similar parasitic capacities. With 0-d-old host eggs, T. ostriniae developed over the longest time period (8.7 d), and T. leucaniae produced the most female progeny (87.9%). Both T. leucaniae and T. ostriniae had similar developmental times, survival rates and percentages of female progeny with 1-3-d-old eggs. These results show that T. leucaniae can parasitize host eggs at varying ages with the best development and suggest that it may be a valuable biological control agent for soybean pod borers.

Full face rock tunnel boring machine in construction process, disc cutter put pressure on rock breaking, actually belongs to the process of energy transfer, from the point of view of energy analysis the energy transfer rules in the process of disc cutter rock breaking, based on CSM force prediction model, analysis disc cutter energy input and rock mass energy output efficiency ratio, for excavation with minimum energy efficiency. Taking S-536 Hong Kong water tunnel TBM as an example, When the penetration is 10mm, based on the energy efficiency ratio the optimal disc cutter spacing should be less than 70mm, than the actual average disc cutter spacing is small 2mm, rock mass as a reference the disc cutter rock breaking efficiency mechanism provides certain reference value for the cutter layout.

SEM tests were conducted on four kinds of typical deep rocks in Meilinmiao Mine, and the micro properties were analyzed. The particles of gritstone are unbroken and particle diameter ranges from 80 μm to 400 μm, and the void between particles is wide. The macroscopic failure of gritstone is caused by breakage of the dung distributed between particles, and potassium feldspars contained in gritstone are not leached. The failure of medium sandstone is caused by micro cracks distributed in sandstone particles, and potassium feldspars are leached seriously, so the pores penetrate each other and there is close hydraulic connection in medium sandstone. The particles of fine sandstone are broken, and the particle diameters range from 60 μm to 300 μm, which determines the pores have good connectivity between particles. The dolomites contained in fine sandstone are corroded, and the micro fracture form belongs to inter-granular fracture. There are no particles and blocks in microstructure of sandy mudstone, but there are diverse micro cracks. The failure of mudstone arises from the extension of micro cracks, and the microstructure is different from the other three kinds of sandstones obviously.

Since in their tenders for subway fire alarm system contracts some fire detector manufacturers recently claimed that the RF electromagnetic field strength to which their products can resist is much higher than the requirements of the relevant national technical standards on fire, we have conducted tests on the RF electromagnetic field strength around the fire detectors installed on the platform of a number of selected subway stations in Guangzhou, and the performances of the electromagnetic radiation analyzer used for the tests are strictly in compliance with the specified use conditions for fire detectors installed on the platform in subway stations. The test results show that the RF electromagnetic field strength applied in the RF radiated immunity test as specified in relevant national standards conforms to the current application conditions.

A new optical structure design method was proposed by forward-object lens, zoom lens, focus lens and behind-object lens with transmissive switch-zoom infrared system. And an alignment method of the above structure was proposed to assure the imaging precision. The larger caliber forward lens structure was designed to immovably axial with system axis, while the zoom lens structure was designed to three different structures by actual optical design for reducing system dimension. The focus lens structure was absolute configuration for the stabilization during focus. The rear lens structure was also designed to small radial clearance. A through-shaft type tooling was proposed to cooperate to adjusting and confirming of the system optical axis by exact boring machine. Experiment results showed that the alignment method can be assured precision and economized cost. (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

In this work, a ghost cell immersed boundary method is applied to the numerical simulation of a uniform flows over a circular cylinder and two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved using an implicit fractional step method employed on collocated arrangement variables. Immersed boundary method permit the use of structured Cartesian meshes to simulate flows involving complex boundaries. The shedding of vortices and flow interference between two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement are investigated numerically. The calculations are validated against the experimental and numerical results obtained by other researchers to prove the accuracy and effectiveness.

The vortex shedding modes of flow past two circular cylinders in side-by-side arrangement are investigated numerically in this paper. The simulations are carried out using a ghost cell immersed boundary method which imposes the boundary condition through reconstruction of the local velocity field near the immersed boundary. The two-dimensional unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved using an implicit fractional step method based on cell-center, collocated arrangement of the primary variables. Vorticity contours of the flow around the cylinders and force time histories are presented. Anti-phase and in-phase vortex shedding modes were found to exist in the flow simulation. These results of simulations were in agreement with phenomena observed in experiment and numerical results of previous researchers.

The traditional lifestyle is making the environmental burden of grassland increased. For some immigration villages, proper guidance for industrial structure and rational planning are absent. The author believes that much attention should be paid to public participation during the village construction, trying to keep traditional communication habits and reflecting unique regional charm and features the same time.

Modular products can present many effectiveness scenarios in its product life cycle. Ideally, these scenarios can be achieved simultaneously. However, due to the diverse objectives of different phases, different module forms are required, and accordingly, conflicts may occur. Traditional modular design techniques have been motivated towards delivering variety, but with little incentive for effectiveness of modules per se. To reduce the conflicts, and to maximize the effectiveness of modules throughout product life cycle as much as possible, this paper put forward an effectiveness-driven modular design method which takes all effectiveness scenarios into consideration and balances the granularity and composition of modules among all possible forms during the clustering process. As the basis of effectiveness-driven modular design, a product descriptive model composed of components, interaction attributes, and liaison structure is proposed. Then, to cluster components according to different effectiveness scenarios at different phases, a quantitative split method for liaison structure is proposed. Furthermore, to maximize the effectiveness of the modules, three aggregation rules are put forward. A case study of wheel loader modular design is reported. Results and analyses reveal that the effectiveness-driven modular design excels in supporting modular design for life cycle.

The striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), is one of the most economically important rice pests worldwide. However, biological control of this pest using natural enemies has rarely been documented. Indigenous natural populations of four Trichogramma species (i.e., T. japonicum, T. chilonis, T. dendrolimi, and T. ostriniae) were collected from the eggs of C. suppressalis in paddy fields. With the objective of screening suitable candidate species for controlling the striped stem borer, parasitism by these four Trichogramma species of the eggs of their native host, C. suppressalis, was evaluated at five temperatures (18, 22, 26, 30, and 34 °C) and four relative humidity (RH) regimes (30, 50, 70, and 90 %). The temperature and the humidity significantly affected the ability of all of the Trichogramma species to parasitize the eggs of their host. T. chilonis parasitized more eggs at 26 °C than at the other temperatures. By contrast, T. dendrolimi, T. ostriniae, and T. japonicum performed best within a wider temperature range. The host number parasitized was highest at 70 % RH and differed significantly among the Trichogramma species at all of the temperatures and humidities tested, except at 30 °C and 50 % RH. Generally, T. dendrolimi and T. japonicum performed better than the other species at 18–26 and 30–34 °C, respectively, whereas T. ostriniae parasitized the fewest host eggs at 30–70 % RH. Both T. dendrolimi and T. japonicum appear to be promising candidates for augmentative release against C. suppressalis in northeastern China.

The deformations of an airborne waveguide slot array antenna and its positioner will finally influence the electromagnetic performances. Due to the complexity of the antenna and its positioner, effective simplification methods have to be taken for their mechanical - electromagnetic analyses. This paper describes the modeling and analyses of a complex airborne antenna positioner. The simplification method proposed not only keeps the structure features fairly exact, but also keeps the antenna to be exact enough for further deformed electromagnetic performance analyses. The modal analysis results of the whole system are close to the actual test results. It reveals that such simplification is reasonable and accurate.

A new method was introduced in this paper, which would help to build the modular product family for pumping unit. Design Structure Matrix (DSM) was used in the process of the pumping unit’s module planning avoiding from the disadvantages of inconsistent rules and improper scale. Taking the case of the beam-pumping unit, some specific techniques were discussed in this paper such as DSM’s building, tearing and clustering as well as the analysis of their results. And the product family of this kind of beam-pumping unit was designed under the result of the modules and the principle of tabular layouts of article characteristics. This study could be widely used as a kind of quantitative method for modular design of other products.

The embrittlement of particular weather resistant steel has been investigated by thermal tensile tests using a Gleeble-1500D system at temperatures range from 600 to 1300°C and at a strain rate of 10-3/s. The specimen was reheated and cooled to the test temperature before the tensile deformation in order to get the mechanical properties subject to the continuous casting process. To make clear the plastic flow behavior in Austenite and γ-Ferrite temperature range of the weather resistant steel, the tensile tests were performed and the results indicate that the stress-strain curves as a function of temperature and with the temperature increased the stress became less, while the hot ductility changed significantly due to the work hardening and recrystallization. All of the strength indices (including yield strength, tensile strength and fracture strength) of the steel increased gradually with decreasing temperature, except for small fluctuations during the γ→α transformation occurred. Special emphases were placed on the hot ductility to clarify the sensitivity of surface cracking during unbending operation and the embrittlement zone occurred in the temperature range between 750 and 1050°C, in which the minimum %R of A was around 22% at 850°C. In the embrittlement zone, the specimens were fractured with little plastic deformation by either grain boundary sliding or by localization of strain in the film proeutectoid ferrite produced by the γ→α transformation. Keywords: Weather Resistant Steel, Embrittlement Zone, Stress-Strain Analysis, Hot Ductility, Fracture Surface.

This paper studies the aperture phase errors of reflector antenna based on the interval method. Through the interval matrix perturbation algorithm and the interval truncation algorithm, the effect of surface nodal displacement intervals on the aperture phase errors is obtained. The numerical example of an 8m diameter reflector antenna shows that the method is rational and feasible.

In today’s information age, the information sharing issues are widespread concerned by academia and manufacturing industry. For improving part information sharing, many researches on Part Library (Plib) have been carried out in machinery manufacturing industry. The international standard organization (ISO) has drawn the related standard for part library and recommended the so-called SM dictionary for describing parts’ properties. In this paper, a SM-Pool framework is proposed for providing the SM class information used by SML technology. The core mechanisms and service interfaces of information sharing technology are discussed, and a prototype software system has been developed for verifying the proposed framework.

In the background of globalization, the information collaboration has become more and more frequent. On the purpose of improving the collaboration, we propose this model for modular products based on the SML technology. According to the features of the modular product, this model consists of two sub-models: the unified SM pool model and the information collaboration model. The first one aims for provide unified SM for enterprises. And it also provides the foundation for information collaboration. Based on the features of modular products, the second one makes work on the interface information modeling for modular products. For further illustration, two collaboration applications are introduced in this paper: information collaboration in enterprise and with others. And based on this model, a software platform system is developed to support the collaboration.

Air-core pulsed alternators have been under development for over 30 years, although a lot of progress has been made, there are still some problems to be solved before it comes to eventual deployment in mobile applications. One of the problems is the thermal management. The pulsed alternator stator thermal management has been studied for more than 25 years. However, there is little literature about the energy reclaim control specifics, such as the control strategy of the reclaim process, and what are the factors affect the reclaim process. This paper presents an energy reclaim control strategy of the air-core pulsed alternator. Under some assumptions, the optimal trigger angle was calculated, which can reclaim the electromagnetic energy stored in the field winding as quickly as possible. The energy reclaim control of the air-core pulsed alternator can reduce the rotor heat generation. Therefore, it allows the use of the air-core pulsed alternators beyond basic laboratory shot numbers. Because the heat loss is reduced, the reclaim control strategy can also improve the efficiency of the whole system. The analyses of the design parameters affecting reclaim efficiency were made and some conclusions which can offer guidance for the design and optimization of air-core pulsed-alternator systems were reached.

As a new type of pulsed power supply, air-core pulsed alternators concentrate all the functions of energy storage, energy conversion and power conditioning in one machine. It is also easy to condition the output voltage and current waveforms. These advantages make it a promising compact power supply system for a variety of fields including laser and electromagnetic launchers. The whole work process of a two-phase air-core pulsed alternator can be divided into self-excitation process, discharge process and energy reclaim process. The aim of the self-excitation is to generate an adequate current in the exciting winding for the discharge process and there is a condition to realize a successful self-excitation for a two-phase air-core pulsed alternator. In this paper, the relationship between the successful self-excitation condition and the design parameters of the air-core pulsed alternator was established. A comparison of the successful self-excitation condition between a single-phase air-core pulsed alternator and a two-phase alternator was also made. To verify the conclusions of the paper, some simulations were performed on a single-phase air-core pulsed alternator and a two-phase air-core pulsed alternator. Each phase armature winding of the two-phase alternator shares the same electrical parameters as the single-phase alternator. The results and conclusions of the analyses and simulations in this paper can offer guidance for the flexible design and optimization of two-phase air-core pulsed alternators.

Collaborative filtering algorithm is one of the most successful recommender technologies and has been widely adopted in recommender systems. However, the traditional collaborative filtering always suffers from sparsity problem of dataset. Item resource has hierarchy itself, and people's interests are centralized in several hierarchies. In addition, rating is multivariate with several factors: user's interest and item's quality etc. The proposed algorithm makes corresponding modification based on the traditional algorithm with the ideas above. Experimental results show that the algorithm can guarantee the accuracy of the system recommended by the case, effectively alleviate the data sparsity problem.

AIM: To explore the interventional effects and mechanism of in vitro cultivated Calculus Bovis compound preparation (ICCBco) on pulmonary lesions in portal hypertensive rabbits with schistosomiasis. METHODS: The experimental group included 20 portal hypertensive rabbits with schistosomiasis treated by ICCBco. The control group included 20 portal hypertensive rabbits with schistosomiasis treated by praziquantel. The morphological changes of the pulmonary tissues were observed under light and electron microscopy. The expression of fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LN) in the lung tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Under light microscope, the alveolar exudation in the lung tissue was more frequently observed in the control group, while the alveolar space was fairly dry in the lung tissue of ICCBco group. Under electron microscope, more alveolar exudation in the lung tissue, and more macrophages, alveolar angiotelectasis and the blurred three-tier structure of alveolar-capillary barrier could be seen in the control group. In ICCBco group, fibers within the alveolar interspace slightly increased in some lung regions, and the structure of type I epithelium, basement membrane and endodermis was complete, and no obvious exudation from the alveolar space, and novascular congestion could be observed. There was a positive or strong positive expression of FN and LN in the lung tissue of the control group, while there was a negative or weak positive expression of FN and LN in ICCBco group. CONCLUSION: ICCBco can effectively prevent pulmonary complications in portal hypertensive rabbits with schistosomiasis by means of improving lung microcirculation and lowering the content of extracellular matrix.

To study the differential gene expression of adriamycin-resistance of breast cancer cell line MCF-7/ADR as compared with its parent cell MCF-7 and screen the related genes.The in vitro inhibitory rate of MCF-7/ADR and MCF-7 cell lines to ADM (adriamycin) was examined by MIT assay. Then a cDNA microarray representing 14,755 genes was used to analyze the expression profiles of these two breast cancer cell lines.The inhibitory rate of MCF-7/ ADR to ADM was lower than that of MCF-7(P0.05)and the drug resistance to ADR of MCF-7/ADR was stronger than that of MCF-7. There were 2374 differential expression genes in MCF-7/adr and MCF-7 cell lines, of which 1099 genes upregulated with 99 genes 10-fold upregulated and 1275 genes downregulated with 71 genes 10-fold downregulated. The important upregulated genes were Bcl-2, GSTP1, c-myc, MMP-1 and NNMT while those downregulated ones p53, p21, p27 and CYPIA1.Drug resistance of breast cancer is a complicated process involving the expression of many upregulated or downregulated genes. The application of gene chip in screening drug-resistant genes may be a new approach for selecting the optimal chemotherapeutic regimens. [Key words]

The growth of InAsN alloys with various nitrogen contents on [100] InP substrates by using plasma-assisted gas source molecular beam epitaxy is reported. The structural, electrical and optical properties of the alloy film are also investigated by using DXRD, Hall, and FTIR measurements. We found that the fundamental absorption edge of InAsN, as compared to that of InAs, shifts to higher energy due to Burstein-Moss effect. A dramatic increase of the electron effective mass in a nitrogen-containing III-V alloy is also observed.