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Understanding how cortical circuits generate complex behavior requires investigating the cell types that comprise them. Functional differences across pyramidal neuron (PyN) types have been observed within cortical areas, but it is not known whether these local differences extend throughout the cortex, nor whether additional differences emerge when larger-scale dynamics are considered. We used genetic and retrograde labeling to target pyramidal tract, intratelencephalic and corticostriatal projection neurons and measured their cortex-wide activity. Each PyN type drove unique neural dynamics, both at the local and cortex-wide scales. Cortical activity and optogenetic inactivation during an auditory decision task revealed distinct functional roles. All PyNs in parietal cortex were recruited during perception of the auditory stimulus, but, surprisingly, pyramidal tract neurons had the largest causal role. In frontal cortex, all PyNs were required for accurate choices but showed distinct choice tuning. Our results reveal that rich, cell-type-specific cortical dynamics shape perceptual decisions.

A novel and facile surface molecularly imprinted polymer coated on magnetic chitosan (Fe3O4@CS@MIP) was fabricated for the selective recognition and enrichment of naringin (NRG). The Fe3O4@CS@MIP was prepared based on covalent–noncovalent synergistic imprinting strategies, utilizing 4‐vinyl phenyl boric acid as covalent functional monomer, deep eutectic solvent (choline chloride/methacrylic acid [ChCl/MAA]) as non‐covalent functional monomer and Fe3O4@CS nanoparticles as the magnetic support. The obtained Fe3O4@CS@MIP exhibited a uniform morphology, excellent crystallinity, outstanding magnetic properties, and high surface area. Owing to the double recognition abilities, the resultant polymer showed exceptional binding performance and rapid mass transfer in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). The maximum binding amount of Fe3O4@CS@MIP was found to be 15.08 mg g−1, and the equilibrium adsorption could be achieved within 180 min. Moreover, they also exhibited stronger selectivity for NRG and satisfactory reusability, with only 11.0% loss after five adsorption‐desorption cycles. Additionally, the Fe3O4@CS@MIP, serving as an adsorbent, presented practical application potential in the separation and enrichment of NRG from pummelo peel, with extraction efficiency in the range of 79.53% to 84.63%. This work provided a new strategy for improving the performance of MIP and contributed an attractive option for the extraction of NRG in complex samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C10H13Cl4N2Zn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.370(2) Å, b = 10.0304(14) Å, c = 17.913(2) Å, β = 93.950(4)°, V = 2396.5(6) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0461, wRref(F2) = 0.1038, T = 150(2) K.

Sensory experience is critical to development and plasticity of neural circuits. Here we report a new form of plasticity in neonatal mice, where early sensory experience cross-modally regulates development of all sensory cortices via oxytocin signaling. Unimodal sensory deprivation from birth through whisker deprivation or dark rearing reduced excitatory synaptic transmission in the correspondent sensory cortex and cross-modally in other sensory cortices. Sensory experience regulated synthesis and secretion of the neuropeptide oxytocin as well as its level in the cortex. Both in vivo oxytocin injection and increased sensory experience elevated excitatory synaptic transmission in multiple sensory cortices and significantly rescued the effects of sensory deprivation. Together, these results identify a new function for oxytocin in promoting cross-modal, experience-dependent cortical development. This link between sensory experience and oxytocin is particularly relevant to autism, where hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to sensory inputs is prevalent and oxytocin is a hotly debated potential therapy.

Background: Patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) 2 probably cannot tolerate chemotherapy or other antitumor therapies. Some studies have reported that immunotherapy combined with antiangiogenic therapy is well‐tolerated and shows good antitumor activity. However, the efficacy of this combination as a later‐line therapy in patients with ECOG PS 2 is unclear. This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of this combination strategy as third‐ or further‐line therapy in stage IV non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with ECOG PS 2. Methods: In this retrospective study, patients treated with camrelizumab plus antiangiogenic therapy (bevacizumab, anlotinib, or recombinant human endostatin) were included. Objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), quality of life (QOL) assessed by ECOG PS, and safety were analyzed. Results: Between January 10, 2019, and February 28, 2024, a total of 59 patients were included. The ORR was 35.6% (21/59) and the DCR was 86.4%. With a median follow‐up of 10.5 months (range: 0.7–23.7), the median PFS was 5.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.8–7.3) and the median OS was 10.5 months (95% CI: 11.2–13.6). QOL was improved (≥1 reduction in ECOG PS) in 39 patients (66.1%). The most common Grade 3–4 treatment‐related adverse events were hepatic dysfunction (6 [10%]), hypertension (5 [8%]), and hypothyroidism (3 [5%]). There were no treatment‐related deaths. Conclusions: Third‐ or further‐line immunotherapy combined with antiangiogenic therapy is well‐tolerated and shows good antitumor activity in stage IV NSCLC patients with ECOG PS 2. Future large‐scale prospective studies are required to confirm the clinical benefits of this combination therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on first-principles calculations, we systematically study the stacking energy and interlayer magnetic interaction of the heterobilayer composed of CrI3 and CrSe2 monolayers. It is found that the stacking order plays a crucial role in the interlayer magnetic coupling. Among all possible stacking structures, the AA-stacking is the most stable heterostructure, exhibiting interlayer antiferromagnetic interactions. Interestingly, the interlayer magnetic interaction can be effectively tuned by biaxial strain. A 4.3% compressive strain would result in a ferromagnetic interlayer interaction in all stacking orders. These results reveal the magnetic properties of CrI3/CrSe2 heterostructure, which is expected to be applied to spintronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C12H21Cl2N3O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.2704(7) Å, b = 11.4750(12) Å, c = 18.7004(19) Å, β = 95.475(2)°, V = 1553.0(3) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0372, wRref(F2) = 0.1022, T = 296(2) K.

C8H8ClNO9, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.1284(3) Å, b = 8.5538(5) Å, c = 18.7089(10) Å, β = 99.760(2)°, V = 1124.26(10) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0381, wRref(F2) = 0.1031, T = 150 K.

C8H5BrO4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 4.8161(3) Å, b = 7.3727(5) Å, c = 12.1230(7) Å, α = 81.004(3)°, β = 78.897(3)°, γ = 72.829(3)°, V = 401.30(4) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0201, wRref(F2) = 0.0479, T = 150(2) K.

C14H14N2O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.5030(9) Å, b = 7.6199(8) Å, c = 18.738(2) Å, β = 92.852(2)°, V = 1212.6(2) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0413, wRref(F2) = 0.1247, T = 296.15 K.

Jujube has a sweet taste and rich nutritional value, which can be used as unconventional feed in animal production. However, the water content of jujube fresh fruit is high, so it needs to be treated before it can be used as diet. Jujube powder feed is one of the ways to improve the utilization effect of jujube. The paper mainly summarizes the present situation of jujube resources, nutritional composition of jujube, types of jujube meal feed and its application and problems in animal production in China, to provide reference for the application of jujube meal as unconventional feed in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]