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Objective Parry⁃Romberg syndrome is a rare disease characterized by unilateral facial progressive atrophy accompanied by ipsilateral intracranial lesions and/or cerebral atrophy, this article is aimed to analyze the clinical, radiological and pathological features of patients with Parry ⁃ Romberg syndrome and explore the microvascular mechanism in the pathogenesis of the disease, to provide reference for understanding the nature of disease. Methods and Results The age of onset was 27 and 17 years old of the 2 patients respectively. Case 1 initially presented with left⁃sided progressive hemifacial atrophy and developed paroxysmal pain, twitch and numbness on the left face. Case 2 presented with a band ⁃ like alopecia in the left fronto⁃parietal area with cutaneous atrophy, and sudden right limb mild hemiplegia. The MRI of Case 1 revealed a space⁃occupying lesion in the left frontal and insular lobes without enhancement. The MRI of Case 2 showed recent lacunar cerebral infarction in left posterior limb of internal capsule. The histopathological examination of Case 1 showed hemorrhage, microvascular thrombosis, fibrinoid necrosis of vascular walls and mild peri⁃microvascular chronic inflammatory cell infiltration, who was irresponsive to prednisone. Case 2 received aspirin and remained free from any cerebrovascular event at his one⁃year⁃ follow up. Conclusions The microvascular mechanism may be the pathogenesis of Parry ⁃ Romberg syndrome, and the antiplatelet therapy may be an optional schedule for stroke prevention and treatment in patients with Parry⁃Romberg syndrome.

Objective Parry-Romberg syndrome is a rare disease characterized by unilateral facial progressive atrophy accompanied by ipsilateral intracranial lesions and/or cerebral atrophy, this article is aimed to analyze the clinical, radiological and pathological features of patients with Parry - Romberg syndrome and explore the microvascular mechanism in the pathogenesis of the disease, to provide reference for understanding the nature of disease. Methods and Results The age of onset was 27 and 17 years old of the 2 patients respectively. Case 1 initially presented with left -sided progressive hemifacial atrophy and developed paroxysmal pain, twitch and numbness on the left face. Case 2 presented with a band - like alopecia in the left fronto-parietal area with cutaneous atrophy, and sudden right limb mild hemiplegia. The MRI of Case 1 revealed a space-occupying lesion in the left frontal and insular lobes without enhancement . The MRI of Case 2 showed recent lacunar cerebral infarction in left posterior limb of internal capsule. The histopathological examination of Case 1 showed hemorrhage, microvascular thrombosis, fibrinoid necrosis of vascular walls and mild peri -microvascular chronic inflammatory cell infiltration, who was irresponsive to prednisone. Case 2 received aspirin and remained free from any cerebrovascular event at his one - year - follow up. Conclusions The microvascular mechanism may be the pathogenesis of Parry - Romberg syndrome, and the antiplatelet therapy may be an optional schedule for stroke prevention and treatment in patients with Parry-Romberg syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many studies have suggested that the clinical features of male patients with ischemic stroke are different from those of female patients, but related data on Chinese patients are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the differences in treatment delays, complications related to intravenous thrombolysis, and prognosis between male and female patients with ischemic stroke in China. Methods: The data of patients with ischemic stroke who received intravenous thrombolysis were retrospectively analyzed. The data were obtained from the China Hospital Stroke Registry from January 2017 to April 2019. The general clinical characteristics, onset-to-door time, door-to-needle time, complications related to thrombolysis, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, and in-hospital mortality were compared between male and female patients to identify any sex differences in these factors. A multi-factorial analysis was conducted to explore whether sex is associated with in-hospital mortality and complications of intracerebral hemorrhage after thrombolysis. Results: A total of 26,475 patients with ischemic stroke who received intravenous thrombolysis were involved in the study. The data were collected from 902 hospitals in 29 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China. The door-to-needle time was longer in female than in male patients (49 [35, 67] vs. 48 [35, 65], P = 0.008). Furthermore, the frequencies of intracerebral hemorrhage (4.1 vs. 3.2%, P < 0.001) and in-hospital mortality (2.55 vs. 1.83%, P < 0.001) were higher in female vs. male patients. However, sex was not associated with intracerebral hemorrhage and in-hospital mortality according to the adjusted multi-factorial analysis. In addition, improvement in NIHSS scores was greater in female patients than in male patients [−3 (−6, −1) vs. −3 (−5, −1), P = 0.036]. Conclusions: After adjusting for other predictors sex was not associated with intracerebral hemorrhage after thrombolysis or in-hospital mortality. Further study is warranted to evaluate the long-term outcomes in the different sexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The use of bipolar membranes (BMs), modified by plasma-induced polymerization, as diaphragms for H2 production from water electrolysis, is discussed in this paper. The performance is demonstrated by measuring the cell voltage and rate of hydrogen production for cells operated with or without the BMs, as a function of current densities. The results of the electrochemical properties of the BMs show that the polyvinylidene fluoride-grafted 2-methacrylic acid 3-(bis-carboxymethylamino)-2-hydroxyl-propyl ester (PVDF-grafted-GMA-IDA) BM has great potential for water electrolysis in 0.1M KCl. As a result of characterization of the steady-state E–I curves, cell voltage reductions of up to 500 and 300mV by using the PVDF-grafted-GMA-IDA and polyethersulfone-grafted-GMA-IDA (PES-grafted-GMA-IDA) BMs, respectively, are observed at 250mA/cm2 in 0.1M KCl, compared to the water system. The efficiency of H2 production, by using the BMs grafted onto the GMA-IDA monomer as diaphragms is enhanced about 10–20% compared with the water system. In addition, the energy saved by using the GMA-IDA grafted BMs is decreased by around 10–40% at certain values of current densities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]