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Circuits based on quantum technology process data significantly quicker than circuits based on standard transistor-based technologies. The polarization of electrons provides digital information in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology. Making effective electronic circuits is one of the applications of this QCA technology in the field of nano communications. A nanonetwork, also known as a nano-scale network, is a collection of interconnected nanomachines capable of computation, data storage, sensing, and actuation. They can be built in various ways, with different phases of switching components and connecting links. On the other hand, manufacturing flaws and variances continue to be a concern with QCA-based circuits. Designing a fault-tolerant circuit for a banyan network is one of the most appealing topics in QCA nanotechnology because the banyan network is one of the most common and multistage communication architecture operations that are needed in all computing systems. The banyan network can be highly beneficial and supportive in designing any switching circuit. In the present article, we provide a novel circuit design technique for fault-tolerant banyan network circuits utilizing QCA technology, which is a new method for implementing the nano communications circuit. Furthermore, we used QCADesigner-E software to check simulated findings for a suggested circuit with other researchers for results and analysis. The fault-tolerant banyan network circuit that has been proposed employs 516 QCA cells, an area of 0.38 µm2, and has a 1.5 clock cycle delay in achieving its goal. Furthermore, simulation outcomes show that the recommended banyan network circuit with a fault-tolerant can achieve a 70% fault tolerance against four faults: cell missing, cell displacement, extra cell, and cell rotation. These findings enrich the literature on digital transformation, fault-tolerant designs in nano-based technologies, and nano communication and provide implications for the transformation of nanonetworks and networks on the chip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the problem of localizing a smartphone user using received signal strength (RSS) measured by a set of known network nodes in a harsh indoor environment. While the RSS of a wireless signal can be conveniently accessed, using it to estimate location is non-trivial in the presence of multipath propagation, shadowing and radio interference. Auxiliary information, such as the indoor building map and user's orientation information, potentially can help to improve localization performance. As the indoor layout is usually known as a priori, a user's moving direction or orientation in a given indoor map may contain valuable information to assist for reducing location ambiguities at estimation, typically when the radio signal channel is corrupted with noise. In this paper, we propose a double-layer hidden Markov model (DHMM) within a Bayesian learning framework for combining user orientation information and processing RSS data in the localization process to deal with RSS fluctuations induced by human body shadowing and multipath interference. Simulation and experimental results show that incorporating user orientation can potentially provide promising indoor positioning results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel model called Instinct Plasticity Echo State Network with New Weights Selection Method, which is Optimized by Genetic Algorithm, is proposed (IP-NESN-GA). There are three proposed methods that are employed in the conventional ESN. New weights selection method provides a novel approach to replace the random weights of ESN, which obtains much better performance than the conventional ESN. At the same time, Instinct Plasticity is successfully applied in ESN, which enhances the connection among reservoir states and increase the accuracy. Finally, Genetic Algorithm is applied to seek the most suitable parameters. The detecting ability of our proposed model is assessed on two kinds of distinct grammatical constructions data. It not only performs significantly better than the baselines in the meaning error and sentence error, but it also visualizes the expected probabilities for each of the possible thematic roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a survey on marine object detection based on deep neural network approaches, which are state-of-the-art approaches for the development of autonomous ship navigation, maritime surveillance, shipping management, and other intelligent transportation system applications in the future. The fundamental task of maritime transportation surveillance and autonomous ship navigation is to construct a reachable visual perception system that requires high efficiency and high accuracy of marine object detection. Therefore, high-performance deep learning-based algorithms and high-quality marine-related datasets need to be summarized. This survey focuses on summarizing the methods and application scenarios of maritime object detection, analyzes the characteristics of different marine-related datasets, highlights the marine detection application of the YOLO series model, and also discusses the current limitations of object detection based on deep learning and possible breakthrough directions. The large-scale, multiscenario industrialized neural network training is an indispensable link to solve the practical application of marine object detection. A widely accepted and standardized large-scale marine object verification dataset should be proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With accumulation of data and development of artificial intelligence, human activity recognition attracts lots of attention from researchers. Many classic machine learning algorithms, such as artificial neural network, feed forward neural network, K-nearest neighbors, and support vector machine, achieve good performance for detecting human activity. However, these algorithms have their own limitations and their prediction accuracy still has space to improve. In this study, we focus on K-nearest neighbors (KNN) and solve its limitations. Firstly, kernel method is employed in model KNN, which transforms the input features to be the high-dimensional features. The proposed model KNN with kernel (K-KNN) improves the accuracy of classification. Secondly, a novel reduced kernel method is proposed and used in model K-KNN, which is named as Reduced Kernel KNN (RK-KNN). It reduces the processing time and enhances the classification performance. Moreover, this study proposes an approach of defining number of K neighbors, which reduces the parameter dependency problem. Based on the experimental works, the proposed RK-KNN obtains the best performance in benchmarks and human activity datasets compared with other models. It has super classification ability in human activity recognition. The accuracy of human activity data is 91.60% for HAPT and 92.67% for Smartphone, respectively. Averagely, compared with the conventional KNN, the proposed model RK-KNN increases the accuracy by 1.82% and decreases standard deviation by 0.27. The small gap of processing time between KNN and RK-KNN in all datasets is only 1.26 seconds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At night, buoys and other navigation marks disappear to be replaced by fixed or flashing lights. Navigation marks are seen as a set of lights in various colors rather than their familiar outline. Deciphering that the meaning of the lights is a burden to navigators, it is also a new challenging research direction of intelligent sensing of navigation environment. The study studied initiatively the intelligent recognition of lights on navigation marks at night based on multilabel video classification methods. To capture effectively the characteristics of navigation mark's lights, including both color and flashing phase, three different multilabel classification models based on binary relevance, label power set, and adapted algorithm were investigated and compared. According to the experiment's results performed on a data set with 8000 minutes video, the model based on binary relevance, named NMLNet, has highest accuracy about 99.23% to classify 9 types of navigation mark's lights. It also has the fastest computation speed with least network parameters. In the NMLNet, there are two branches for the classifications of color and flashing, respectively, and for the flashing classification, an improved MobileNet-v2 was used to capture the brightness characteristic of lights in each video frame, and an LSTM is used to capture the temporal dynamics of lights. Aiming to run on mobile devices on vessel, the MobileNet-v2 was used as backbone, and with the improvement of spatial attention mechanism, it achieved the accuracy near Resnet-50 while keeping its high speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]