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Metalenses, with their compact form factor and unique optical capabilities, hold tremendous potential for advancing computer vision applications. In this work, we propose a high-resolution, large field-of-view (FOV) metalens intelligent recognition system, combining the latest YOLO framework, aimed at supporting a range of vision tasks. Specifically, we demonstrate its effectiveness in scanning, pose recognition, and object classification. The metalens we designed to achieve a 100° FOV while operating near the diffraction limit, as confirmed by experimental results. Moreover, the metalenses weigh only 0.1 g and occupy a compact volume of 0.04 cm3, effectively addressing the bulkiness of conventional lenses and overcoming the limitations of traditional metalens in spatial frequency transmission. This work highlights the transformative potential of metalenses in the field of computer vision, The integration of metalenses with computer vision opens exciting possibilities for next-generation imaging systems, offering both enhanced functionality and unprecedented miniaturization.

This study investigated the preparation of cementitious mortar specimens (ECM) by blending different dosages of pure magnesium hydroxide (AR), active magnesium oxide, and nano magnesium hydroxide as external additives with expired composite Portland cement. The optimal solution was selected by comparing their “nuclear magnetic resonance” (NMR), mechanical properties, and acoustic emission characteristics. NMR experiments revealed that the addition of 4 wt% nano magnesium hydroxide to expired cement resulted in the largest decrease in harmful pore content in ECM, reaching 21.9%. Mechanical performance testing and acoustic emission monitoring results indicated that the strength of ECM reached a maximum of 21.356 MPa with the addition of 4 wt% nano magnesium hydroxide, representing a 20.2% increase compared to the control group. This suggests that adding 4 wt% nano magnesium hydroxide to expired cement is a preferable option.

Background: The cholinergic hypothesis is one of the main theories that describe the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cholinergic neurons degenerate early and are severely damaged in AD. Despite extensive research, the causes of cholinergic neuron damage and the underlying molecular changes remain unclear. Objective: This study aimed to explore the characteristics and transcriptomic changes in cholinergic neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with APP mutation. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with AD and healthy individuals were reprogrammed into iPSCs. The iPSCs were differentiated into cholinergic neurons. Cholinergic neurons were stained, neurotoxically tested, and electrophysiologically and transcriptomically analyzed. Results: The iPSCs-derived cholinergic neurons from a patient with AD carrying a mutation in APP displayed enhanced susceptibility to Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity, characterized by severe neurotoxic effects, such as cell body coagulation and neurite fragmentation. Cholinergic neurons exhibited electrophysiological impairments and neuronal death after 21 days of culture in the AD group. Transcriptome analysis disclosed 883 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, 420 upregulated and 463 downregulated) participating in several signaling pathways implicated in AD pathogenesis. To assess the reliability of RNA sequencing, the expression of 16 target DEGs was validated using qPCR. Finally, the expression of the 8 core genes in different cell types of brain was analyzed by the AlzData database. Conclusions: In this study, iPSCs-derived cholinergic neurons from AD patients with APP mutations exhibit characteristics reminiscent of neurodegenerative disease. Transcriptome analysis revealed the corresponding DEGs and pathways, providing potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for advancing AD research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the improvement of living standards, more and more residents in China choose short leisure travel at weekends. This study aims to model the leisure travel duration to investigate the relationship between travel time and residents' factors, which can provide guidance for the development of urban parks and improve the structure of transportation modes to promote low-carbon travel modes. The accelerated hazard model is applied to establish the model equation between travel time and various factors, to obtain the differences between weekend travel time in scenic spots and personal characteristics such as residents' playing time and travel mode choice. First, an analysis of variance was performed on the valid data which have been collected. Then, the Kaplan-Meier test proved that weekend activity types tend to follow different survival functions. Finally, this study established the lifespan regression equation of the travel time, and we found that the best fit is the Log-normal distribution. This study shows clearly that accelerated hazard models based on fixed parameters are better at evaluating the attractiveness of urban parks, and they can also get feedback travel characteristics of primary residents. So, we can build a lifespan analysis-based model for the travel time of urban residents, to help plan the urban parks. The result of this study can be used for predicting the flow of different travel modes at urban parks in cities, which can be helpful for regional traffic organization such as regional traffic flow guidance and signal timing., Author(s): Xuyichen Yan [1]; Shaoqi Li [1]; Ren Dong [1]; Gen Li (corresponding author) [1] 1. Introduction With the increase in global greenhouse gas emissions, many measures have been adopted [...]

In order to study the dynamic response of driving vehicles on mountainous roads, a three-dimensional (3D) pavement roughness model is reconstructed using the random sine wave superposition method and MATLAB combined with Trucksim software. The road structure is simulated using an infinite multi-layer plate model on a viscoelastic half-space foundation. Through the continuous uphill operation of a three-axle vehicle, the 3D forces of vehicle–road interaction and vehicle driving process are analyzed, and use a self-developed generalized integral calculation program to solve the vertical displacement of a four-layer plate. The results show that compared to 2D pavement, the maximum and root mean square values of longitudinal and lateral forces on 3D pavement differ significantly, with 3D pavement having a 42.95% higher lateral force than 2D pavement. When the vehicle is driving on a circular gentle ramp, the 3D force of the vehicle–road interaction changes significantly. Compared with longitudinal and lateral forces, the vertical force is more significant and more sensitive to the road shape. The vertical displacement impact of multiple tires on the road is not simply the sum of the actions of each tire, comprehensive consideration is needed based on tire position. For example, the influence of track width and other factors. The research results can provide technical guidance for heavy vehicles to continuously climb slopes, pass through arch bridges, culverts, and other working conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste orychophragmus violaceus was used to prepare a novel 3D self‐doped (N/O) porous carbon (OPC). The aim was to expand the application and increase the value of waste orychophragmus violaceus. In order to improve its specific capacitance, composites OPC@MnO2x of OPC and MnO2 were prepared by simple hydrothermal method. In 6 M KOH, specific capacitance obtained by OPC at 1 A g−1 is 268 F g−1, surprisingly, specific capacitance of OPC@MnO232 can be up to 419 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and its capacitance retention rate is as high as 83.62 % after 10000 cycles (20 A g−1). The energy density of OPC@MnO232//OPC asymmetric supercapacitor in 1 M Na2SO4 can even reach 14.22 Wh kg−1 at 400 W kg−1, besides, it showed good cycling stability after 10000 cycles (20 A g−1), with capacitance retention rate of up to 86.64 %. Finally, the device is tested in an application. Connecting two identical asymmetric supercapacitors in series enables red LED to emit greater than 90 s. Overall, this study confirms that the waste orychophragmus violaceus derived porous carbon can reduce the wastage of waste resource, additionally, the composite material prepared is an electrode material for high‐performance supercapacitors with broad prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical response luminescence (MRL) describes the photophysical properties triggered by mechanical stimulation. Usually, MRL can be regulated by intermolecular interactions, molecular conformation or molecular packing, to achieve the desirable optical properties. Herein, at the molecular level, this review covers the factors that influence mechanically responsive fluorescent materials, involving the single- or multifactorial modulation of aliphatic chains, donor–receptor switch, substituent adjustment, and position isomerism. According to these factors, the structure–activity strategies can be summarized as: (i) the self-recovery of optical properties, from the final to initial state, can be regulated by introducing long alkyl chains to a fluorophore. (ii) The sensitivity of MRL materials can be controlled by modifying the donor–acceptor structure via the changed ICT (intramolecular charge transfer) and intramolecular interaction. (iii) The electronic and steric effects of substituents can affect ICT and intermolecular interactions, thereby resulting in high quantum yield and high-contrast MRL materials via changing the molecular stacking of crystalline states. (iv) Intermolecular interaction is modulated by the position isomerism of the substituents, which results in switched molecular packing for the extended response toward a wide range of stimuli. It is anticipated that the molecular mechanisms of these structure–activity relationships will serve as a significant reference for developing novel, high contrast, recyclable mechanical response luminous materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]