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BackgroundMobile health (mHealth) interventions offer great potential to reach large populations and improve public health. However, high attrition rates threaten evaluation and implementation of mHealth intervention studies. ObjectiveWe explored factors associated with attrition of study participants in an mHealth randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating an intervention to reduce unintentional child injury risk in China. MethodsThe cluster RCT compared two groups of an app-based intervention for caregivers of 3-6–year-old children (Bao Hu San). The intervention group received unintentional child injury and parenting education, whereas only parenting education was implemented in the control group. The trial included 2920 study participants in Changsha, China, and lasted 6 months. Data on participant engagement (using the app) were collected electronically throughout the 6-month period. Associations between participant attrition and demographic characteristics, and between attrition and intervention engagement were tested and quantified separately for the intervention and control groups using the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) based on generalized linear mixed models. ResultsIn total, 2920 caregivers from 20 eligible preschools participated, with 1510 in the intervention group and 1410 in the control group. The 6-month attrition rate differed significantly between the two groups (P

The volatile aroma compounds of wine fermented from goji berries were evaluated by liquid-liquid extraction-solvent-assisted evaporation-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (LLE-SAFE-GC-MS-O) combined with GC-quadrupole-MS (GC-qMS) and GC-Orbitrap-MS. The key aroma compounds were identified by aroma reconstitution and quantitative descriptive sensory analysis. The results showed that ethyl esters (ethyl cinnamate, ethyl acetate, ethyl 2-methylpropanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl lactate, ethyl octanoate, and ethyl decanoate), other esters (isoamyl acetate and isoamyl lactate), C13-norisoprenoids (β-damascenone and β-ionone), volatile phenols (4-ethylguaiacol, eugenol, 2,4-di-t-butylphenol), alcohols (1-octen-3-ol, benzyl alcohol, phenylethyl alcohol and isopentyl alcohol) and other compounds (naphthalene, methionol, octanoic acid and 2-acetylpyrrole) contributed the major aroma attributes of goji berry wine. This finding will help to enrich and improve the theoretical basis of the aroma of goji berry wine and lay the foundation for aroma enhancement and quality improvement of goji berry wine.

Objective To evaluate the precision and dependability of road traffic mortality data recorded in the World Health Organization Mortality Database and investigate how uncorrected data influence vital mortality statistics used in traffic safety programmes worldwide. Methods We assessed country and territory-specific data quality from 2015 to 2020 by calculating the proportions of five types of nonspecific cause of death codes related to road traffic mortality. We compared age-adjusted road traffic mortality and changes in the average annual mortality rate before and after correcting the deaths with nonspecific codes. We generated road traffic mortality projections with both corrected and uncorrected codes, and redistributed the data using the proportionate method. Findings We analysed data from 124 countries and territories with at least one year of mortality data from 2015 to 2020. The number of countries and territories reporting more than 20% of deaths with ill-defined or unknown cause was 2; countries reporting injury deaths with undetermined intent was 3; countries reporting unspecified unintentional injury deaths was 21; countries reporting unspecified transport crash deaths was 3; and countries reporting unspecified unintentional road traffic deaths was 30. After redistributing deaths with nonspecific codes, road traffic mortality changed by greater than 50% in 7% (5/73) to 18% (9/51) of countries and territories. Conclusion Nonspecific codes led to inaccurate mortality estimates in many countries. We recommend that injury researchers and policymakers acknowledge the potential pitfalls of relying on raw or uncorrected road traffic mortality data and instead use corrected data to ensure more accurate estimates when improving road traffic safety programmes. Objectif Determiner le niveau de precision et de fiabilite des informations concernant le nombre de deces lies aux accidents de la route enregistrees dans la base de donnees de l'Organisation mondiale de la Sante sur la mortalite, mais aussi etudier l'influence des donnees non corrigees sur les statistiques de mortalite, qui jouent un role essentiel dans les programmes de securite routiere a travers le monde. Methodes Nous avons evalue la qualite des donnees propres a chaque pays et territoire entre 2015 et 2020 en calculant la proportion que representent cinq types de codes non specifiques relatifs aux causes de deces dans des accidents de la route. Nous avons compare la mortalite routiere selon l'age et l'evolution du taux de mortalite annuel moyen avant et apres avoir corrige les deces portant des codes non specifiques. Pour terminer, nous avons genere des projections en matiere de mortalite routiere a l'aide des codes corriges et non corriges, puis redistribue les donnees par integration proportionnelle. Resultats Nous avons analyse les donnees issues de 124 pays et territoires, avec au moins un an de donnees de mortalite entre 2015 et 2020. Deux pays et territoires mentionnaient plus de 20% de deces imputables a des causes inconnues ou mal definies ; trois pays signalaient des deces dus a des blessures non intentionnelles ; 21 faisaient etat de blessures mortelles non intentionnelles et non specifiees ; trois ne precisaient pas le type de vehicule implique dans les collisions mortelles ; et enfin, 30 pays rapportaient des accidents de la route mortels, indetermines et involontaires. Apres redistribution des deces munis de codes non specifiques, le taux de mortalite routiere a change de plus de 50% dans 7% (5/73) a 18% (9/51) des pays et territoires. Conclusion L'emploi de codes non specifiques a entraine une mauvaise estimation de la mortalite dans de nombreux pays. Nous recommandons aux responsables politiques et chercheurs actifs dans le domaine des traumatismes de tenir compte des eventuels pieges que recele l'usage de donnees brutes ou non corrigees sur la mortalite routiere, et leur conseillons de se fonder sur des donnees corrigees afin d'obtenir des estimations plus precises pour l'amelioration des programmes de securite routiere. Objetivo Evaluar la precision y la fiabilidad de los datos sobre mortalidad por accidentes de trafico registrados en la Base de datos sobre mortalidad de la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud. Asimismo, investigar como los datos incorrectos influyen en las estadisticas vitales sobre mortalidad utilizadas en programas de seguridad vial a nivel mundial. Metodos Evaluamos la calidad de los datos en funcion del pais y del territorio desde 2015 a 2020 calculando los porcentajes de cinco tipos de codigos de fallecimientos sin causa especifica relacionados con la mortalidad por accidentes de trafico. Comparamos la mortalidad por accidentes de trafico en funcion de la edad, asi como los cambios en el indice medio anual de mortalidad antes y despues de corregir los fallecimientos con codigos no especificos. Generamos las proyecciones de mortalidad por accidentes de trafico con codigos corregidos y sin corregir, y distribuimos de nuevo los datos utilizando el metodo proporcional. Resultados Analizamos los datos correspondientes a 124 paises y territorios que contaban con datos sobre mortalidad de al menos un ano, del periodo comprendido entre 2015 y 2020. El numero de paises y territorios que notificaron mas de un 20% de fallecimientos por causas imprecisas o desconocidas fue de 2; los paises que notificaron fallecimientos por lesiones con intencionalidad indeterminada fueron 3; los paises que notificaron fallecimientos por lesiones no intencionadas y no especificadas fueron 21; los paises que notificaron fallecimientos no especificados en accidentes de transporte fueron 3; y los paises que notificaron fallecimientos no especificados y no intencionados en accidentes de trafico fueron 30. Tras redistribuir los fallecimientos con codigos no especificos, la mortalidad por accidentes de trafico cambio en mas de un 50% en un intervalo del 7% (5/73) al 18% (9/51) de los paises y territorios. Conclusion Los codigos no especificos dieron lugar a estimaciones imprecisas sobre mortalidad en numerosos paises. Instamos a que los investigadores y los responsables de politicas de lesiones reconozcan las potenciales deficiencias que supone el hecho de basarse en datos no tratados ni corregidos, y a que, en lugar de eso, utilicen datos corregidos con el fin de garantizar estimaciones mas precisas a la hora de mejorar los programas sobre seguridad vial. [phrase omitted], Introduction Globally, road traffic crashes cause approximately 1.3 million preventable deaths and 50 million injuries each year. (1) In 2021, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly resolution 74/299 committed to [...]

The sensory quality of infant formula (IF) has a significant impact on the preferences and purchasing behavior of maternal consumers. Consumer-based rapid descriptive methods have become popular and are widely preferred over classical methods, but the application of Pivot Profile (PP) in IF is still little explored. In this study, both Pivot Profile (PP) and Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) were applied to characterize the sensory profile of 12 batches of one-stage and three-stage IF with different storage periods, respectively, along with consumer preference data to determine the flavors contributing to liking. The results of PP and QDA aligned moderately well, with the most perceptible differences identified as "fishy", "milky", and "T-sweet" attributes. IFs with shorter storage times were highly associated with "milky" aromas and "T-sweet" tastes, whereas IFs with longer storage times exhibited a strong correlation with "fishy" and "oxidation" aromas. External preference analysis highlighted that the occurrence of "fishy" and "oxidation" aromas during prolonged storage periods significantly reduced the consumer preference for IFs. Conversely, the perception of "milky" and "creamy" aromas and "T-sweet" tastes may be critical positive factors influencing consumer preference. This study provided valuable insights and guidance for enhancing the sensory quality and consumer preference of IF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]