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Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is one of the most promising methods to replace the conventional anthraquinone route for the green and facile synthesis of H2O2. Owing to the outstanding electrochemical active surface area and fast charge transfer capability of carbon nanomaterials or nanostructures with different dimensions, such as 1D, 2D, and 3D, various strategies including nanostructure engineering, defect engineering, and interface engineering have been proposed to promote the catalytic activity of carbon‐based catalysts toward two‐electron (2e−) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for H2O2 generation over the past decade. In this review, the latest progress, major achievements, and prospects of the transition metal‐supported carbon with different dimensions for highly efficient electrochemical H2O2 preparation via the 2e− ORR process are summarized. The rational design principles and synthetic strategies of transition metal‐supported carbon are systematically introduced while the representative advances, the identification of active sites, and their possible catalytic mechanisms toward the H2O2 production are discussed. Finally, according to the current development stage and existing shortcomings of 2e– ORR catalysts for H2O2 production, the challenges and prospects of transition metal‐supported carbon with different dimensions are also summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]