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Soil acidification represents a severe threat to tobacco cultivation regions in South China, exacerbating bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. The comprehension of the underlying mechanisms that facilitate the restoration of rhizosphere microbial communities in “healthy soils” is imperative for ecologically managing tobacco bacterial wilt. This study focuses on acidified tobacco soils that have been subjected to continuous cultivation for 20 years. The experimental treatments included lime (L), biochar (B), and a combination of lime and biochar (L+B), in addition to a control group (CK). Utilizing rhizosphere biology and niche theory, we assessed disease suppression effects, changes in soil properties, and the co-evolution of the rhizosphere bacterial community. Each treatment significantly reduced tobacco bacterial wilt by 16.67% to 20.14% compared to the control group (CK) (p < 0.05) and increased yield by 7.86% to 27.46% (p < 0.05). The biochar treatment (B) proved to be the most effective, followed by the lime-biochar combination (L+B). The key factors controlling wilt were identified through random forest regression analysis as an increase in soil pH and exchangeable bases, along with a decrease in exchangeable acidity. However, lime treatment alone led to an increase in soil bulk density and a decrease in available nutrients, whereas both biochar and lime-biochar treatments significantly improved these parameters (p

Objective To report the clinical manifestations, EEG characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of 3 children with "benign epileptic discharge", and analyze the causes of misdiagnosis and treatment. Methods and Results The clinical data of 3 children with centrotemporal spikes (CTS) in EEG treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from December 2008 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Case 1 presented with non-epileptic seizure, which was misdiagnosed as "epilepsy" due to episodic events and CTS, and was eventually diagnosed as night fright based on clinical manifestations and EEG. Case 2 did not have clinical seizures, but was misdiagnosed as "epilepsy" due to CTS, and took antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for several years. Although benign childhood epilepsy with central-temporal spikes (BECTS) was diagnosed in Case 3, the dosage and types of AEDs were increased even when the clinical seizures were well controlled. After diagnosis, AEDs was not performed in Case 1, AEDs were gradually stopped in Cases 2 and Case 3, and no epileptic seizure was observed. Conclusions "Benign epileptic discharge" is common in children's EEG examination. It is the key point to avoid the misdiagnosis and mismanagement to determine whether there is a causal relationship between EEG abnormalities and clinical seizures. For children with "benign epileptic discharge", the antiepileptic therapy is aimed at controlling clinical seizures rather than eliminating EEG abnormalities.

Abstract Objective Type I sialidosis (ST‐1) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder. To date, there has been no study on ST‐1 patients in mainland China. Methods We reported in detail the cases of five Chinese ST‐1 patients from two centers, and summarized all worldwide cases. Then, we compared the differences between Chinese and foreign patients. Results A total of 77 genetically confirmed ST‐1 patients were identified: 12 from mainland China, 23 from Taiwan, 10 from other Asian regions, and 32 from European and American regions. The mean age of onset was 16.0 ± 6.7 years; the most common symptoms were myoclonus seizures (96.0%), followed by ataxia (94.3%), and blurred vision (67.2%). Compared to other groups, the onset age of patients from mainland China was much younger (10.8 ± 2.7 years). The incidence of visual impairment was lower in patients from other Asian regions than in patients from mainland China and Taiwan (28.6% vs. 81.8%–100%). Cherry‐red spots were less frequent in the Taiwanese patients than in patients from other regions (27.3% vs. 55.2%–90.0%). Furthermore, 48 different mutation types were identified. Chinese mainland and Taiwanese patients were more likely to carry the c.544A > G mutation (75% and 100%, respectively) than the patients from other regions (only 0%–10.0%). Approximately 50% of Chinese mainland patients carried the c.239C > T mutation, a much higher proportion than that found in the other populations. In addition, although the brain MRI of most patients was normal, 18F‐FDG‐PET analysis could reveal cerebellar and occipital lobe hypometabolism. Interpretation ST‐1 patients in different regions are likely to have different mutation types; environmental factors may influence clinical manifestations. Larger studies enrolling more patients are required.

Objective To summarize clinical seizures and electroencephalography (EEG) characteristics of patients with anti ? leucine ? rich glioma ? inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibody ? associated encephalitis. Methods Clinical manifestations, imaging and EEG characteristics, treatment and prognosis of 35 patients with anti?LGI1 antibody?associated encephalitis, who were clearly diagnosed by laboratory examinations and followed up for 2 years, were analyzed. Results Thirty?five patients included 26 males and 9 females, median age 57.35 years. Of all 35 cases, 31 cases (88.57%) had epileptic seizures, mainly as complex partial seizure (CPS), and 13 cases (37.14%) had faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS). Brain MRI showed T2WI and FLAIR high?intensity signals in bilateral (16 cases) or unilateral (12 cases) mesial temporal lobes. 18F ? fluoro ? 2 ? deoxy ? D ? glucose (18F ? FDG) PET examination showed hypermetabolism in temporal lobe and/or basal ganglia (22/24). Thirty?one patients performed video EEG (VEEG) examination, among whom 23 patients showed abnormal background activity, manifesting as diffuse slow waves or regional slow waves in frontotemporal region; 18 cases showed anterior temporal epileptic discharges. There were 22 cases grasping seizures in VEEG, among whom 18 cases obtained epileptic seizures and 13 of them were temporal lobe onset CPS (10 cases) or simple partial seizure (SPS, 7 cases) including pilo?erection seizure in 5 cases, myoclonic seizure in 4 cases and secondary generalized tonic?clonic seizure (GTCS) in one case. Two of 6 FBDS patients showed epileptic discharges followed by temporal lobe onset. Twenty?seven cases received oral antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), among whom 4 of 25 patients with epileptic seizures had reduced frequency ≥ 50%, while 11 FBDS patients had no effect, 8 cases (29.63%) had anaphylaxis. Thirty?five patients received immunomodulation treatment, including intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in 33 cases, corticosteroids in 33 cases, mycophenolate in 4 cases and zathioprine in 2 cases, the seizure frequency of all patients reduced ≥ 50% after treatment. After hospital discharge, 17 patients stop taking AEDs within one year and 26 patients stop taking AEDs within 2 years. Of the patients who were followed up for 2 years, 29 cases achieved epileptic seizure free, only 2 patients developed to chronic epilepsy (anti?LGI1 antibody were negative while seizures were not free). Conclusions Anti?LGI1 antibody?associated encephalitis is a kind of autoimmune limbic encephalitis with specific clinical characteristics, often presenting with FBDS and temporal lobe seizures (typically with pilo?erection aura) combined with amnesia, psychiatric disorder/abnormal behavior and hyponatremia. Early diagnosis and timely immunotherapy can achieve good prognosis. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2018.05.006

The single-phase free surface lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) was used to investigate the counter-gravity mould filling process of large plate castings. Computational efficiency can be improved by ignoring the variation of the gas lattice. In this paper, a weight coefficient redistribution method was proposed for dealing with the liquid phase discharge problem and distribution in a grid. First, the model was used to calculate the anti-gravity filling process of a large plate cavity with a single gate, with the same parameters, the water filling experiment of high speed camera is taken as a reference, the characteristics of the flow field and the fluid morphology of numerical simulation are in good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, the velocity profile of the flow field is used to analyze the characteristics of the flow field, and a criterion called "the altitude difference of free surface" is introduced to evaluate the stability of the fluid. Subsequently, the counter-gravity filling process of a plate with a double gate and the same plate with one gate and a cylindrical obstruction to turbulent flow are investigated. Due to the mutual influence between the two gates, the vortex formed by the double gates is greater than that formed by the single gate. However, the obstacles under the conditions of cylindrical turbulent flow obstruction could reduce the degree of fluid sloshing and improve the stability of the filling.

Background: Few studies have been published on new-onset geriatric epilepsy especially in older Chinese people. This study was to have a comprehensive understanding of new-onset geriatric epilepsy and find a more reasonable diagnosis and management of epilepsy in older people. Methods: One hundred and three patients with onset age 60 years and older were admitted between January 2008 and December 2016. Electronic medical records were reviewed to collect information. Results: There were 103 older patients with new-onset epilepsy. The mean age of the patients was 68.5 ± 6.4 years (range: 60–89 years), and there were 67 (65%) men and 36 (35%) women. The mean onset age was 67.9 ± 6.2 years (range: 60–89 years). The most common identifiable etiology of symptomatic seizures was autoimmune epilepsy in 43 (41.7%) patients. The second most common etiology was stroke in 15 (14.6%) patients. Seven (6.8%) older patients with acute seizures present with status epilepticus and 26 (25.2%) patients experienced clustered seizures (more than three events in 24 h) at seizure onset. Focal seizures (96.1%) were more common than generalized seizures (3.9%). Fifty-three (51.5%) patients had an abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Among them, video-electroencephalogram findings in 31 (30.1%) patients correlated with MRI abnormalities. Levetiracetam was the most used drugs before admission, in hospital, and during follow-up. Conclusions: Autoimmune encephalitis is becoming an increasing risk factor of subsequent epilepsy in older people. Older patients with new epilepsy are more likely to respond to antiepileptic drugs, and drug-resistant epilepsy is uncommon.

MXene has emerged as a highly promising two-dimensional (2D) layered material with inherent advantages as an electrode material, such as a high electrical conductivity and spacious layer distances conducive to efficient ion transport. Despite these merits, the practical implementation faces challenges due to MXene's low theoretical capacitance and issues related to restacking. In order to overcome these limitations, we undertook a strategic approach by integrating Ti3C2Tx MXene with cobalt molybdate (CoMoO4) nanoparticles. The CoMoO4 nanoparticles bring to the table rich redox activity, high theoretical capacitance, and exceptional catalytic properties. Employing a facile hydrothermal method, we synthesized CoMoO4/Ti3C2Tx heterostructures, leveraging urea as a size-controlling agent for the CoMoO4 precursors. This innovative heterostructure design utilizes Ti3C2Tx MXene as a spacer, effectively mitigating excessive agglomeration, while CoMoO4 contributes its enhanced redox reaction capabilities. The resulting CoMoO4/Ti3C2Tx MXene hybrid material exhibited 698 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1, surpassing that of the individual pristine Ti3C2Tx MXene (1.7 F g−1) and CoMoO4 materials (501 F g−1). This integration presents a promising avenue for optimizing MXene-based electrode materials, addressing challenges and unlocking their full potential in various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]