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Qi She Pill (QSP) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription that has been used in treating cervical spondylosis radiculopathy for many years. In this study, a simple and sensitive method using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) on a reverse-phase C18 column was developed for the simultaneous determination of the 19 major components in QSP. We found that the optimum mobile phase for gradient elution was 0.1% formic acid and methanol. The correlation coefficients of all calibration curves were greater than 0.99. Recoveries measured at three concentration levels varied from 95.43% to 102.35%. Relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day precisions were less than 4.45%. After successfully validating our method, we then applied it to the quantification of 19 components in QSP products to show that this method provides a new standard in quality assessment of TCM prescriptions containing multiple bioactive components., Graphical abstract An accurate and reliable UPLC–MS/MS method was developed to assess the multiple constituents in QSP. This method provides a new standard in quality control of QSP. Many components in the QSP prescription which are responsible for beneficial effects were detected for the first time.

The prediction of oil cracked gas resources is necessary and urgent in the gas exploration of these basins at high to over stage in China. A marine crude oil sample was pyrolyzed using sealed gold tubes system in our study. The pyrolysates including gas, liquid, and solid were quantitatively analyzed. Based on the pyrolysis data and kinetic calculation, the yield correlativity among gas, liquid, and solid products was regressed with high correlative coefficients to establish a prediction model suitable for the resource estimation of oil cracked gas. The verification formula for this model was also established on the principle of mass conservation. The affecting factors and the application preconditions of this model were discussed. Finally the model was extrapolated to the prediction of oil cracked gas resources of Feixianguan formation in NE Sichuan basin, SW China. The prediction value of oil cracked resources is about 6.84×1012 m3, and generation intensity of oil cracked gas is about 97.5×108 m3/km2, and the paleo-oil reserves is about 97×108 t. The verifying value for this prediction is approximately equal to 1, indicating the model is reliable in the resource estimation of oil cracked gas.

The promoting effect of nutrient addition on aquacultural wastewater purification of microorganism products,SYMCORE BZTTM was investigated,and furthermore,the relationship between removal rates of chemical oxygen demand(COD),ammonia nitrogen(NH4 + -N) and nitrite nitrogen(NO2--N) and the ratio of C:N:P was studied.The experiments were composed of two parts.Part I consisted of one control group and two trial groups,promoting effect of nutrient addition on removal rate of microorganism was proved.Part Ⅱ was made up of one control group and 15 trial groups to analyze the relationship between the mount of added nutrients and the removal rates of pollutants.Moreover,the relationship between the ratio of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus and the removal rates of COD,NH4 + -N and NO2 --N was calculated,and the mathematics models were set up.The results showed that the purification ability of microorganism products was significantly improved by adding suitable nutrients.The removal rates of COD,NH4 + -N and NO2 --N of the treatment group increased 21.92%,34.43%,57.41% by adding glucose and 30.02%,53.45%,15.08% by adding phosphate compared with the control,respectively.At the same time,the amount of phosphate was found insufficient in control group.The removal rates for COD,NH4 + -N and NO2 --N were the highest,97.07%,96.88% and 93.41%,when the ratio of C:N:P was 62.5 :4.85 :1,37.5 :4.51 :1 and 25 :2.97 :1,respectively.The relationship of glucose and phosphate concentration with COD,NH4 + -N and NO2 --N removal rates could be described by quadratic equations,V = aX2 + bX + c.The individual COD,NH4 + -N and NO2 --N removal rates of the microorganism products are positively correlated with the concentration of glucose and phosphate in range of 0-40 mg/L and 0-1600 mg/L,respectively.The process of microbial remediation could be featured as three sequential stages:Firstly,dissolved organic matter(DOM) was degraded;secondly ammonia was oxidized;and at last,nitrite was oxidized.From day 1 to day 7,DOM was directly utilized as the carbon and nitrogen sources of the heterotrophic bacteria.The removal rates of COD at this stage were significantly higher than those of the control.From day 7 to day 13,bacteria mainly utilized ammonium as nitrogen sources and produced nitrite.So the concentration of NH4 + -N reduced sharply,while NO2 --N concentration increased suddenly.From day 13 to 19,NO2 --N concentration decreased rapidly,because the nitrite was oxidized to nitrate.This paper supplied theoretical and technical foundation for the biopurification of aquaculture wastewater and the extending application of microbial products.