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Environmental stresses, including drought stress, seriously threaten food security. Previous studies reported that wheat F-box protein, TaFBA1, responds to abiotic stresses in tobacco. Here, we generated transgenic wheat with enhanced (overexpression, OE) or suppressed (RNA interference, RNAi) expression of TaFBA1. The TaFBA1-OE seedlings showed enhanced drought tolerance, as measured by survival rate and fresh weight under severe drought stress, whereas the RNAi plants showed the opposite phenotype. Furthermore, the OE plants had stronger antioxidant capacity compared to WT and RNAi plants and maintained stomatal opening, which resulted in higher water loss under drought stress. However, stronger water absorption capacity in OE roots contributed to higher relative water contents in leaves under drought stress. Moreover, the postponed stomatal closure in OE lines helped to maintain photosynthesis machinery to produce more photoassimilate and ultimately larger seed size. Transcriptomic analyses conducted on WT and OE plants showed that genes involved in antioxidant, fatty acid and lipid metabolism and cellulose synthesis were significantly induced by drought stress in the leaves of OE lines. Together, our studies determined that the F-box protein TaFBA1 modulated drought tolerance and affected yield in wheat and the TaFBA1 gene could provide a desirable target for further breeding of wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) are the commonly used biomarkers for insulin resistance and systemic inflammation, respectively. We aimed to investigate the combined association of TyG and hsCRP with the major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). Methods: A total of 9421 patients with CCS were included in this study. The primary endpoint was defined as a composite of MACE covering all‐cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and revascularization. Results: During the 2‐year follow‐up period, 660 (7.0%) cases of MACE were recorded. Participants were divided equally into three groups according to TyG levels. Compared with the TyG T1 group, the risk of MACE was significantly higher in the TyG T3 group. It is noteworthy that among patients in the highest tertile of TyG, hsCRP >3 mg/L was significantly associated with an increased risk of MACE, whereas the results were not significant in the medium to low TyG groups. When patients were divided into six groups according to hsCRP and TyG, the Cox regression analysis showed that patients in the TyG T3 and hsCRP >3 mg/L group had a significantly higher risk of MACE than those in the TyG T1 and hsCRP ≤3 mg/L group. However, no significant interaction was found between TyG and hsCRP on the risk of MACE. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the concurrent assessment of TyG and hsCRP may be valuable in identifying high‐risk populations and guiding management strategies among CCS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the transmission of power measurement data through communication networks from remote terminal unit (RTU) to the state estimator in Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), power cyber-physical systems (PCPSs) are more susceptible to cyber-attacks. To mitigate that threat, this paper is concerned with a new data recovery strategy on machine learning against false data injection attacks (FDIAs) in PCPSs. Firstly, in view of the limited resources (such as limited energy) of adversaries and system protections, a sparse target false data injection attack (FDIA) is constructed. Then, the FDIA detection problem is transformed into a tripartite separation problem, and the alternating direction method of multipliers on proximal exchange (ADMM-PE) is adopted to complete the intrusion detection of FDIAs. In addition, with the help of reliable mask information and real incomplete measurement data provided by the FDIA detection, a similar supervised generative adversarial imputation networks (GAIN) is proposed to complete the measurement data recovery after FDIAs. Specifically, the pseudo labels generated by data analysis methods such as k-means clustering and support vector machine (SVM) to improve the accuracy of measurement data recovery. Finally, the experimental results of PCPSs show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed data recovery strategy against FDIAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the problem of resilient adaptive event-triggered control (AETC) for networked stochastic control systems (NSCSs) in the presence of the external disturbance and the energy-constrained, nonperiodic denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. A novel adaptive event-triggered scheme (AETS) that considers the effect of the energy-constrained, nonperiodic DoS attacks on the communication network is proposed to reduce the usage of system resources and adapt the variation of the plant state, and the model of closed-loop control system is established in the framework of time-delay systems and switched systems. Then, based on the Lyapunov stability theory, the stability criterion and the co-design algorithm are derived, which are used to ensure that the closed-loop control system is stochastically exponentially stable (SES) with an H ∞ disturbance attenuation performance and to implement the co-design of state-feedback controller and proposed AETS, respectively. Unlike the network-based H ∞ control approach for NSCSs in the existing literature, the resilient adaptive event-triggered network-based H ∞ control approach proposed in this paper not only can considerably save the usage of system resources, but also can be resilient towards the energy-constrained, nonperiodic DoS attacks. Finally, a resilient AETC for the F16 aircraft system shows the effectiveness and superiority of proposed strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the deep integration of the information and communication technologies, power cyber-physical systems (CPSs) have become smart but are vulnerable to cyber attacks. To correctly assess the vulnerability of power CPSs and further study feasible countermeasures, we verify that a data-driven target attack on a nonlinear Granger causality graph (NGCG) can be constructed successfully, even if adversaries cannot acquire the configuration information of the systems. A NGCG is a unified framework for the processing and analysis of nonlinear measurement data or datasets and can be used to evaluate the significance of power nodes or lines. In addition, an algorithm including data-driven parameter estimation, noise removal and data reconstruction based on symplectic geometry is introduced to make the NGCG a parameter-free and noise-tolerant method. In particular, three new indexes on the weight analysis of the NGCG are defined to quantitatively evaluate the significance of power nodes or lines. Finally, several case studies of a nonlinear simulation model and power systems in detail verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed data-driven target attack. The results show the proposed target attack can select the key attack targets more accurately and lead to physical system collapse with the least number of attack steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

U‐box E3 ubiquitin ligases play important roles in the ubiquitin/26S proteasome machinery and in abiotic stress responses. TaPUB1‐overexpressing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were generated to evaluate its function in salt tolerance. These plants had more salt stress tolerance during seedling and flowering stages, whereas the TaPUB1‐RNA interference (RNAi)‐mediated knock‐down transgenic wheat showed more salt stress sensitivity than the wild type (WT). TaPUB1 overexpression upregulated the expression of genes related to ion channels and increased the net root Na+ efflux, but decreased the net K+ efflux and H+ influx, thereby maintaining a low cytosolic Na+/K+ ratio, compared with the WT. However, RNAi‐mediated knock‐down plants showed the opposite response to salt stress. TaPUB1 could induce the expression of some genes that improved the antioxidant capacity of plants under salt stress. TaPUB1 also interacted with TaMP (Triticum aestivum α‐mannosidase protein), a regulator playing an important role in salt response in yeast and in plants. Thus, low cytosolic Na+/K+ ratios and better antioxidant enzyme activities could be maintained in wheat with overexpression of TaPUB1 under salt stress. Therefore, we conclude that the U‐box E3 ubiquitin ligase TaPUB1 positively regulates salt stress tolerance in wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]