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Objective: To analyze the efficacy and adverse effects of anti‐PD‐1 immune checkpoint inhibitors aimed at nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: During the first stage of the study, using 40 patients with stage III/IVa NPC treated with anti‐PD‐1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with chemoradiotherapy as a first‐line treatment (observation group) and 70 patients with NPC treated with chemoradiotherapy alone (control group). In the second stage of the study, 88 patients with NPC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors were grouped according to the number of lines of immunotherapy, the number of times, and the types of application. Results: Observation of the short‐term effects in the first stage indicated that the objective response rate (ORR) of the observation group and the control group against primary foci of NPC was 75.0% versus 40.0%; the mortality rate of the observation group was much lower than that of the control group. The overall first‐line treatment evaluation of the observation vs. control groups were as follows: ORR (67.5% vs. 38.6%); median PFS (17.52 vs. 17.21 months); and median OS (18.68 vs. 18.14 months), respectively (p < 0.05). The second stage of the study had an ORR of 53.4%, and the efficacy of immunotherapy was related to staging, timing, and frequency. Conclusion: Anti‐PD‐1 immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemoradiotherapy as the first‐line treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma may improve patient outcomes significantly. Timing, frequency, and the type of immunotherapy exerted an effect on the efficacy of immunotherapy. Adverse effects that occurred during treatment were tolerable and controllable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probabilistic goods are unique products or services that consumers obtain from sellers at a discounted price for any one of different goods. They are also common in everyday life, such as blind boxes and lucky bags. However, there are still many consumers unwilling to pay for them, and the current research on probabilistic goods fails to reveal the mechanism behind it, and cannot solve the marketing problem well. In this regard, based on construal-level theory, three empirical studies were conducted to investigate the effect of package color saturation of probabilistic goods on consumers’ purchase intention. The study found that compared with low saturation, high saturation packaging can significantly increase consumers’ purchase intention, which is mediated by subjective probability and moderated by transaction utility. Specifically, in the context of low transaction utility, the higher the saturation, the stronger the consumers’ purchase intention; in the context of high transaction utility, the effect of saturation is not significant. The conclusion of this paper expands the research on the visual effect of probabilistic goods packaging, and provides theoretical basis and practical guidance for marketers to consider probabilistic goods packaging design.

Background: Despite numerous investigations into the relationship between physical activities (PA) and epilepsy, the causal effects remain contentious. Thus, we conducted a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to assess the potential causality. Methods: Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) predisposed to self‐reported moderate and vigorous physical activities (MPA and VPA) and overall acceleration average (OAA) calculated through wrist‐worn accelerometers were selected as exposure instrumental variables. Five subtypes of epilepsy, including all epilepsy, focal epilepsy and generalized epilepsy (with or without each other), focal epilepsy‐strict definition and generalized epilepsy‐strict definition (without overlap), were chosen as the outcomes. The MR study utilized the inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analytical tool, supplemented by MR‐Egger, simple mode, weighted mode, and weighted median methods. Cochran's Q and MR‐Egger intercept tests were employed to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy, while MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier and leave‐one‐out analyses were conducted to identify potential SNP outliers. Results: The study indicated that OAA was genetically linked to a decreased risk of both focal epilepsy (OR = 0.812, 95% CI: 0.687–0.960, p =.015, IVW) and focal epilepsy‐strict definition (OR = 0.732, 95% CI: 0.596–0.900, p =.003, IVW; OR = 0.749, 95% CI: 0.573−0.979, p =.035, Weighted median). Genetically predicted MPA and VPA did not exhibit a causal association with all epilepsy or its subtypes (p>.05). No evidence of heterogeneity, pleiotropy, or SNP outlier was observed. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that PA with accelerometer monitoring may potentially reduce the risk of focal epilepsy, while there is no evidence supporting causal association between self‐reported MPA or VPA and either focal or generalized epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to predict the transient meshing efficiency of bevel gear pairs,a theoretical model of friction coefficient is established under boundary lubrication,elastohydrodynamic lubrication and mixed lubrication based on the principle of equivalent gear theory,by simplifying bevel gear into equivalent straigh gear,and by computing oil film-thickness ratio. Considering the impact of transitioning factor of mesh point relative sliding velocity,normal load,and friction coefficient,a computing model of friction power losses for bevel gear is established,the math model of sliding and rolling friction power loss is established with a variable of pressure angle and pitch radius by double integration for a meshing cycle,and the simulation analysis of mesh power losses of bevel gear is carried out based on MATLAB.