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Tea wine has garnered significant attention due to its unique fusion of tea and wine flavors, as well as its alleged health benefits. This study aimed to investigate the effects of various treatments on the physicochemical properties of tea wine, including viable cell counts, pH, acidity, total ester content, tea polyphenol content, and volatile flavoring substances during the storage period. The findings indicated that tea wine subjected to low-temperature plasma (LTPS) treatment exhibited superior quality maintenance and an enhanced tea polyphenol content compared to untreated, UV-treated, and HTHP-treated tea wine. Analysis of volatile compounds revealed that the LTPS group exhibited the highest relative content of alcohols and esters (89.72%) during storage, thereby enhancing the fruity and sweet aroma of the tea wine. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of low-temperature plasma technology in the storage of tea wine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this study, six groups of carrots were designed and fermented using Weissella paramensenteroides MbWp142 (WP), Levilactobacillus brevis GDMCC 1.773 (LS), Leuconostoc mesenteroides GDMCC 1.774 (SE), mixed fermentation of three lactic acid bacteria (WP + LS + SE), pasteurisation group (BG) and natural fermentation group (CK). GC–MS results indicated that inoculation of WP + LS + SE increased the types and contents of flavour substances such as alcohols, esters and hydrocarbons. Compared with other experimental groups, the peak nitrite value in the LS group was lower due to the production of organic acids by lactic acid bacteria. Sensory evaluation revealed that the quality and flavour of carrot fermented by LS were superior to those fermented by SE, WP and WP + LS + SE. Therefore, Levilactobacillus brevis used as a starter for fermenting carrot can enhance product quality and reduce nitrite accumulation during fermentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Paocai, as one of the most widely consumed traditional fermented foods in China, is dominated by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which exert a significant influence on the dynamics of metabolites, microecological changes, and sensory quality. In this study, five different paocai groups were designed for fermentation using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HYY‐DB9 (LP), Levilactobacillus brevis GIM 1.773 (LB), a mixture of two LABs (LP + LB), pasteurisation (PST), and natural fermentation (NF). Nitrite content, pH, titratable acidity, viable cell counts (LAB and yeasts), metabolites (organic acids and volatile substances), and sensory evaluation were determined for each group. The results demonstrated that the mixed fermentation with two LABs (LP + LB) significantly reduced nitrite content. Organic acids produced by LAB played a crucial role in the degradation process, particularly lactic acid which exhibited the most pronounced effect on nitrite degradation. Furthermore, artificial inoculation of LAB fermentation resulted in improved taste and flavour of paocai along with increased production of alcohols, esters, and acids compared to traditional natural fermentation. These findings have important implications for enhancing paocai quality control and managing nitrite content while also providing an excellent fermentation agent for fermented paocai. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterojunction GaN/MoSe2 has recently piqued the interest of researchers due to its exceptional electronic and optical properties. Despite this, the higher rate of photogenerated carrier recombination limits their technical application. Implementing a promising approach to the formation of the 2D heterostructure with vacancies may improve photocatalytic activity. By first-principles, the stability, electronic structure, and optical properties of monolayer GaN and MoSe2, GaN/MoSe2 (GN/MS), GaN/MoSe2 with a Ga vacancy (VGa-GN/MS), GaN/MoSe2 with an N vacancy (VN-GN/MS), and GaN/MoSe2 with vacancies of Ga and N (VGa@N-GN/MS) are systematically computed. Compared with monolayer GaN, MoSe2, and GaN/MoSe2, the results show that vacancies do not destroy the stability of heterojunctions and cause a decrease in their bandgaps and a redshift of the absorption spectra. Type-II band alignment is observed through Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof calculations in all heterostructures. VGa-GN/MS and VGa@N-GN/MS are p-type semiconductors, while VN-GN/MS is an n-type semiconductor. Based on the analysis of Mulliken occupancy, work function, and optical properties, we speculate that vacancies of Ga and N cause GN/MS to be energetically favorable for water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorylation of the serine 139 of the histone variant H2AX (γH2AX) is a DNA damage marker that regulates DNA damage response and various diseases. However, whether γH2AX is involved in neuropathic pain is still unclear. We found the expression of γH2AX and H2AX decreased in mice dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after spared nerve injury (SNI). Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), which promotes γH2AX, was also down-regulated in DRG after peripheral nerve injury. ATM inhibitor KU55933 decreased the level of γH2AX in ND7/23 cells. The intrathecal injection of KU55933 down-regulated DRG γH2AX expression and significantly induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of ATM by siRNA could also decrease the pain threshold. The inhibition of dephosphorylation of γH2AX by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) siRNA partially suppressed the down-regulation of γH2AX after SNI and relieved pain behavior. Further exploration of the mechanism revealed that inhibiting ATM by KU55933 up-regulated extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and down-regulated potassium ion channel genes, such as potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 2 (Kcnq2) and potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2 (Kcnd2) in vivo, and KU559333 enhanced sensory neuron excitability in vitro. These preliminary findings imply that the down-regulation of γH2AX may contribute to neuropathic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by the structure characteristics of natural products, the size and morphology of particles are carefully controlled using a bottom-up approach to construct nanomaterials with specific spatial unit distribution. Animal polysaccharide nanomaterials, such as chitosan and chondroitin sulfate nanomaterials, exhibit excellent biocompatibility, degradability, customizable surface properties, and novel physical and chemical properties. These nanomaterials hold great potential for development in achieving a sustainable bio-economy. This paper provides a summary of the latest research results on the preparation of nanomaterials from animal polysaccharides. The mechanism for preparing nanomaterials through the bottom-up method from different sources of animal polysaccharides is introduced. Furthermore, this paper discusses the potential hazards posed by industrial applications to the environment and human health, as well as the challenges and future prospects associated with using animal polysaccharides in nanomaterials. [Display omitted] • Animal polysaccharides can develop functional, light-weight bio-based nanomaterials. • The preparation principle of animal polysaccharide nanomaterials was summarized. • Various animal polysaccharides for the preparation of nanomaterials are introduced. • The application of animal polysaccharide nanomaterials was emphasized. • The challenges and prospects of animal polysaccharide nanomaterials were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of Ca3Gd2W2O12:Mn4+ far-red phosphors were successfully synthesized by high temperature solid state reaction. The crystal phases and morphology of the powders were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The luminescent properties of the samples with varying Mn4+ concentrations were investigated, and the result indicates that prepared phosphor Ca3Gd2W2O12:Mn4+ can be excited by ultraviolet light and exhibit intense far red emission at 710 nm. The optimum doping concentration of Mn4+ is about 0.2 mol %. The internal quantum efficiency of Ca3Gd2W2O12:Mn4+ phosphors are 58.5%. In addition, the mechanism of luminescence is also analyzed by using Tanab-Sugano energy level diagram. The thermal stability of samples have been researched and discussed. Finally, a far-red LED was fabricated by combining a 365 nm near-ultraviolet InGaN chip with Ca3Gd2W2O12:Mn4+ phosphor. All the results indicated that Ca3Gd2W2O12:Mn4+ as an excellent phosphor can be applied to far-red LED lamp and it has potential applications in plant growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromium(III)-based metal-organic frameworks (Cr-MOFs) are highly robust and porous and have been very attractive in a wide range of investigations. However, the harsh direct synthetic conditions not only impede the synthesis of new Cr-MOFs but also restrict the introduction of functional groups into them. Postsynthetic modification has somewhat alleviated such difficulties; nevertheless, it still suffered from procedures that are tedious and conditions that are not mild, which often result in low concentration of the functional groups introduced. To overcome these shortcomings, here, in this paper, we supplied a new route and prepared a benzyl alcohol functionalized Cr-SXU-2 from the judiciously designed benzyl alcohol functionalized Fe-SXU-2 through solvent-assisted metal metathesis strategy. The functionalized Cr-SXU-2 shows well-preserved crystallinity, porosity, and high chemical stability. The benzyl alcohol group can be converted into a very active benzyl bromide group in an almost quantitative yield and thus for the first time produce the benzyl bromide functionalized MOF, Cr-SXU-2-Br , in which the -Br group can be exchanged by a nucleophilic group. As a proof of concept, -N 3 was introduced and transformed into other active sites via "click reaction" to further tailor the interior of Cr-SXU-2 . All these functionalized Cr-MOFs showed improved adsorption performance in contrast to the nonfunctionalized one. This step-by-step postmodification process not only diversifies the functionalization of robust MOFs but also opens a new route to employ many different functional groups in the demanding highly stable Cr-MOF platforms.

In this paper, we synthesized three Zr-MOFs (Zr-SXU-1, Zr-SXU-2, and Zr-SXU-3) composed of identical ligands and metal clusters by using tetratopic carboxylic ligand PBPTTBA as the ligand and benzoic acids as modulators. These three Zr-MOFs showed different structures and topologies, and the connectivity of the Zr clusters varied from 8 in Zr-SXU-3, to 10 in Zr-SXU-1, and finally to 12 in Zr-SXU-2 due to the modulators used. Among them, Zr-SXU-1 represents an unusual 6-node network and [6(10)(11)7] transitivity. Besides, Zr-SXU-2 can only be obtained by using ditopic carboxylic acid as a second modulator when using benzoic acid as the main modulator, which is not reported in other Zr-MOFs synthesis. The adsorption and luminescence tests demonstrated their potential as gas reservoirs, separators, and sensors and also showed the importance of structure topologies to the applications.