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1. Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context

Author

Gemini Team, Georgiev, Petko, Lei, Ving Ian, Burnell, Ryan, Bai, Libin, Gulati, Anmol, Tanzer, Garrett, Vincent, Damien, Pan, Zhufeng, Wang, Shibo, Mariooryad, Soroosh, Ding, Yifan, Geng, Xinyang, Alcober, Fred, Frostig, Roy, Omernick, Mark, Walker, Lexi, Paduraru, Cosmin, Sorokin, Christina, Tacchetti, Andrea, Gaffney, Colin, Daruki, Samira, Sercinoglu, Olcan, Gleicher, Zach, Love, Juliette, Voigtlaender, Paul, Jain, Rohan, Surita, Gabriela, Mohamed, Kareem, Blevins, Rory, Ahn, Junwhan, Zhu, Tao, Kawintiranon, Kornraphop, Firat, Orhan, Gu, Yiming, Zhang, Yujing, Rahtz, Matthew, Faruqui, Manaal, Clay, Natalie, Gilmer, Justin, Co-Reyes, JD, Penchev, Ivo, Zhu, Rui, Morioka, Nobuyuki, Hui, Kevin, Haridasan, Krishna, Campos, Victor, Mahdieh, Mahdis, Guo, Mandy, Hassan, Samer, Kilgour, Kevin, Vezer, Arpi, Cheng, Heng-Tze, de Liedekerke, Raoul, Goyal, Siddharth, Barham, Paul, Strouse, DJ, Noury, Seb, Adler, Jonas, Sundararajan, Mukund, Vikram, Sharad, Lepikhin, Dmitry, Paganini, Michela, Garcia, Xavier, Yang, Fan, Valter, Dasha, Trebacz, Maja, Vodrahalli, Kiran, Asawaroengchai, Chulayuth, Ring, Roman, Kalb, Norbert, Soares, Livio Baldini, Brahma, Siddhartha, Steiner, David, Yu, Tianhe, Mentzer, Fabian, He, Antoine, Gonzalez, Lucas, Xu, Bibo, Kaufman, Raphael Lopez, Shafey, Laurent El, Oh, Junhyuk, Hennigan, Tom, Driessche, George van den, Odoom, Seth, Lucic, Mario, Roelofs, Becca, Lall, Sid, Marathe, Amit, Chan, Betty, Ontanon, Santiago, He, Luheng, Teplyashin, Denis, Lai, Jonathan, Crone, Phil, Damoc, Bogdan, Ho, Lewis, Riedel, Sebastian, Lenc, Karel, Yeh, Chih-Kuan, Chowdhery, Aakanksha, Xu, Yang, Kazemi, Mehran, Amid, Ehsan, Petrushkina, Anastasia, Swersky, Kevin, Khodaei, Ali, Chen, Gowoon, Larkin, Chris, Pinto, Mario, Yan, Geng, Badia, Adria Puigdomenech, Patil, Piyush, Hansen, Steven, Orr, Dave, Arnold, Sebastien M. R., Grimstad, Jordan, Dai, Andrew, Douglas, Sholto, Sinha, Rishika, Yadav, Vikas, Chen, Xi, Gribovskaya, Elena, Austin, Jacob, Zhao, Jeffrey, Patel, Kaushal, Komarek, Paul, Austin, Sophia, Borgeaud, Sebastian, Friso, Linda, Goyal, Abhimanyu, Caine, Ben, Cao, Kris, Chung, Da-Woon, Lamm, Matthew, Barth-Maron, Gabe, Kagohara, Thais, Olszewska, Kate, Chen, Mia, Shivakumar, Kaushik, Agarwal, Rishabh, Godhia, Harshal, Rajwar, Ravi, Snaider, Javier, Dotiwalla, Xerxes, Liu, Yuan, Barua, Aditya, Ungureanu, Victor, Zhang, Yuan, Batsaikhan, Bat-Orgil, Wirth, Mateo, Qin, James, Danihelka, Ivo, Doshi, Tulsee, Chadwick, Martin, Chen, Jilin, Jain, Sanil, Le, Quoc, Kar, Arjun, Gurumurthy, Madhu, Li, Cheng, Sang, Ruoxin, Liu, Fangyu, Lamprou, Lampros, Munoz, Rich, Lintz, Nathan, Mehta, Harsh, Howard, Heidi, Reynolds, Malcolm, Aroyo, Lora, Wang, Quan, Blanco, Lorenzo, Cassirer, Albin, Griffith, Jordan, Das, Dipanjan, Lee, Stephan, Sygnowski, Jakub, Fisher, Zach, Besley, James, Powell, Richard, Ahmed, Zafarali, Paulus, Dominik, Reitter, David, Borsos, Zalan, Joshi, Rishabh, Pope, Aedan, Hand, Steven, Selo, Vittorio, Jain, Vihan, Sethi, Nikhil, Goel, Megha, Makino, Takaki, May, Rhys, Yang, Zhen, Schalkwyk, Johan, Butterfield, Christina, Hauth, Anja, Goldin, Alex, Hawkins, Will, Senter, Evan, Brin, Sergey, Woodman, Oliver, Ritter, Marvin, Noland, Eric, Giang, Minh, Bolina, Vijay, Lee, Lisa, Blyth, Tim, Mackinnon, Ian, Reid, Machel, Sarvana, Obaid, Silver, David, Chen, Alexander, Wang, Lily, Maggiore, Loren, Chang, Oscar, Attaluri, Nithya, Thornton, Gregory, Chiu, Chung-Cheng, Bunyan, Oskar, Levine, Nir, Chung, Timothy, Eltyshev, Evgenii, Si, Xiance, Lillicrap, Timothy, Brady, Demetra, Aggarwal, Vaibhav, Wu, Boxi, Xu, Yuanzhong, McIlroy, Ross, Badola, Kartikeya, Sandhu, Paramjit, Moreira, Erica, Stokowiec, Wojciech, Hemsley, Ross, Li, Dong, Tudor, Alex, Shyam, Pranav, Rahimtoroghi, Elahe, Haykal, Salem, Sprechmann, Pablo, Zhou, Xiang, Mincu, Diana, Li, Yujia, Addanki, Ravi, Krishna, Kalpesh, Wu, Xiao, Frechette, Alexandre, Eyal, Matan, Dafoe, Allan, Lacey, Dave, Whang, Jay, Avrahami, Thi, Zhang, Ye, Taropa, Emanuel, Lin, Hanzhao, Toyama, Daniel, Rutherford, Eliza, Sano, Motoki, Choe, HyunJeong, Tomala, Alex, Safranek-Shrader, Chalence, Kassner, Nora, Pajarskas, Mantas, Harvey, Matt, Sechrist, Sean, Fortunato, Meire, Lyu, Christina, Elsayed, Gamaleldin, Kuang, Chenkai, Lottes, James, Chu, Eric, Jia, Chao, Chen, Chih-Wei, Humphreys, Peter, Baumli, Kate, Tao, Connie, Samuel, Rajkumar, Santos, Cicero Nogueira dos, Andreassen, Anders, Rakićević, Nemanja, Grewe, Dominik, Kumar, Aviral, Winkler, Stephanie, Caton, Jonathan, Brock, Andrew, Dalmia, Sid, Sheahan, Hannah, Barr, Iain, Miao, Yingjie, Natsev, Paul, Devlin, Jacob, Behbahani, Feryal, Prost, Flavien, Sun, Yanhua, Myaskovsky, Artiom, Pillai, Thanumalayan Sankaranarayana, Hurt, Dan, Lazaridou, Angeliki, Xiong, Xi, Zheng, Ce, Pardo, Fabio, Li, Xiaowei, Horgan, Dan, Stanton, Joe, Ambar, Moran, Xia, Fei, Lince, Alejandro, Wang, Mingqiu, Mustafa, Basil, Webson, Albert, Lee, Hyo, Anil, Rohan, Wicke, Martin, Dozat, Timothy, Sinha, Abhishek, Piqueras, Enrique, Dabir, Elahe, Upadhyay, Shyam, Boral, Anudhyan, Hendricks, Lisa Anne, Fry, Corey, Djolonga, Josip, Su, Yi, Walker, Jake, Labanowski, Jane, Huang, Ronny, Misra, Vedant, Chen, Jeremy, Skerry-Ryan, RJ, Singh, Avi, Rijhwani, Shruti, Yu, Dian, Castro-Ros, Alex, Changpinyo, Beer, Datta, Romina, Bagri, Sumit, Hrafnkelsson, Arnar Mar, Maggioni, Marcello, Zheng, Daniel, Sulsky, Yury, Hou, Shaobo, Paine, Tom Le, Yang, Antoine, Riesa, Jason, Rogozinska, Dominika, Marcus, Dror, Badawy, Dalia El, Zhang, Qiao, Wang, Luyu, Miller, Helen, Greer, Jeremy, Sjos, Lars Lowe, Nova, Azade, Zen, Heiga, Chaabouni, Rahma, Rosca, Mihaela, Jiang, Jiepu, Chen, Charlie, Liu, Ruibo, Sainath, Tara, Krikun, Maxim, Polozov, Alex, Lespiau, Jean-Baptiste, Newlan, Josh, Cankara, Zeyncep, Kwak, Soo, Xu, Yunhan, Chen, Phil, Coenen, Andy, Meyer, Clemens, Tsihlas, Katerina, Ma, Ada, Gottweis, Juraj, Xing, Jinwei, Gu, Chenjie, Miao, Jin, Frank, Christian, Cankara, Zeynep, Ganapathy, Sanjay, Dasgupta, Ishita, Hughes-Fitt, Steph, Chen, Heng, Reid, David, Rong, Keran, Fan, Hongmin, van Amersfoort, Joost, Zhuang, Vincent, Cohen, Aaron, Gu, Shixiang Shane, Mohananey, Anhad, Ilic, Anastasija, Tobin, Taylor, Wieting, John, Bortsova, Anna, Thacker, Phoebe, Wang, Emma, Caveness, Emily, Chiu, Justin, Sezener, Eren, Kaskasoli, Alex, Baker, Steven, Millican, Katie, Elhawaty, Mohamed, Aisopos, Kostas, Lebsack, Carl, Byrd, Nathan, Dai, Hanjun, Jia, Wenhao, Wiethoff, Matthew, Davoodi, Elnaz, Weston, Albert, Yagati, Lakshman, Ahuja, Arun, Gao, Isabel, Pundak, Golan, Zhang, Susan, Azzam, Michael, Sim, Khe Chai, Caelles, Sergi, Keeling, James, Sharma, Abhanshu, Swing, Andy, Li, YaGuang, Liu, Chenxi, Bostock, Carrie Grimes, Bansal, Yamini, Nado, Zachary, Anand, Ankesh, Lipschultz, Josh, Karmarkar, Abhijit, Proleev, Lev, Ittycheriah, Abe, Yeganeh, Soheil Hassas, Polovets, George, Faust, Aleksandra, Sun, Jiao, Rrustemi, Alban, Li, Pen, Shivanna, Rakesh, Liu, Jeremiah, Welty, Chris, Lebron, Federico, Baddepudi, Anirudh, Krause, Sebastian, Parisotto, Emilio, Soricut, Radu, Xu, Zheng, Bloxwich, Dawn, Johnson, Melvin, Neyshabur, Behnam, Mao-Jones, Justin, Wang, Renshen, Ramasesh, Vinay, Abbas, Zaheer, Guez, Arthur, Segal, Constant, Nguyen, Duc Dung, Svensson, James, Hou, Le, York, Sarah, Milan, Kieran, Bridgers, Sophie, Gworek, Wiktor, Tagliasacchi, Marco, Lee-Thorp, James, Chang, Michael, Guseynov, Alexey, Hartman, Ale Jakse, Kwong, Michael, Zhao, Ruizhe, Kashem, Sheleem, Cole, Elizabeth, Miech, Antoine, Tanburn, Richard, Phuong, Mary, Pavetic, Filip, Cevey, Sebastien, Comanescu, Ramona, Ives, Richard, Yang, Sherry, Du, Cosmo, Li, Bo, Zhang, Zizhao, Iinuma, Mariko, Hu, Clara Huiyi, Roy, Aurko, Bijwadia, Shaan, Zhu, Zhenkai, Martins, Danilo, Saputro, Rachel, Gergely, Anita, Zheng, Steven, Jia, Dawei, Antonoglou, Ioannis, Sadovsky, Adam, Gu, Shane, Bi, Yingying, Andreev, Alek, Samangooei, Sina, Khan, Mina, Kocisky, Tomas, Filos, Angelos, Kumar, Chintu, Bishop, Colton, Yu, Adams, Hodkinson, Sarah, Mittal, Sid, Shah, Premal, Moufarek, Alexandre, Cheng, Yong, Bloniarz, Adam, Lee, Jaehoon, Pejman, Pedram, Michel, Paul, Spencer, Stephen, Feinberg, Vladimir, Xiong, Xuehan, Savinov, Nikolay, Smith, Charlotte, Shakeri, Siamak, Tran, Dustin, Chesus, Mary, Bohnet, Bernd, Tucker, George, von Glehn, Tamara, Muir, Carrie, Mao, Yiran, Kazawa, Hideto, Slone, Ambrose, Soparkar, Kedar, Shrivastava, Disha, Cobon-Kerr, James, Sharman, Michael, Pavagadhi, Jay, Araya, Carlos, Misiunas, Karolis, Ghelani, Nimesh, Laskin, Michael, Barker, David, Li, Qiujia, Briukhov, Anton, Houlsby, Neil, Glaese, Mia, Lakshminarayanan, Balaji, Schucher, Nathan, Tang, Yunhao, Collins, Eli, Lim, Hyeontaek, Feng, Fangxiaoyu, Recasens, Adria, Lai, Guangda, Magni, Alberto, De Cao, Nicola, Siddhant, Aditya, Ashwood, Zoe, Orbay, Jordi, Dehghani, Mostafa, Brennan, Jenny, He, Yifan, Xu, Kelvin, Gao, Yang, Saroufim, Carl, Molloy, James, Wu, Xinyi, Arnold, Seb, Chang, Solomon, Schrittwieser, Julian, Buchatskaya, Elena, Radpour, Soroush, Polacek, Martin, Giordano, Skye, Bapna, Ankur, Tokumine, Simon, Hellendoorn, Vincent, Sottiaux, Thibault, Cogan, Sarah, Severyn, Aliaksei, Saleh, Mohammad, Thakoor, Shantanu, Shefey, Laurent, Qiao, Siyuan, Gaba, Meenu, Chang, Shuo-yiin, Swanson, Craig, Zhang, Biao, Lee, Benjamin, Rubenstein, Paul Kishan, Song, Gan, Kwiatkowski, Tom, Koop, Anna, Kannan, Ajay, Kao, David, Schuh, Parker, Stjerngren, Axel, Ghiasi, Golnaz, Gibson, Gena, Vilnis, Luke, Yuan, Ye, Ferreira, Felipe Tiengo, Kamath, Aishwarya, Klimenko, Ted, Franko, Ken, Xiao, Kefan, Bhattacharya, Indro, Patel, Miteyan, Wang, Rui, Morris, Alex, Strudel, Robin, Sharma, Vivek, Choy, Peter, Hashemi, Sayed Hadi, Landon, Jessica, Finkelstein, Mara, Jhakra, Priya, Frye, Justin, Barnes, Megan, Mauger, Matthew, Daun, Dennis, Baatarsukh, Khuslen, Tung, Matthew, Farhan, Wael, Michalewski, Henryk, Viola, Fabio, Quitry, Felix de Chaumont, Lan, Charline Le, Hudson, Tom, Wang, Qingze, Fischer, Felix, Zheng, Ivy, White, Elspeth, Dragan, Anca, Alayrac, Jean-baptiste, Ni, Eric, Pritzel, Alexander, Iwanicki, Adam, Isard, Michael, Bulanova, Anna, Zilka, Lukas, Dyer, Ethan, Sachan, Devendra, Srinivasan, Srivatsan, Muckenhirn, Hannah, Cai, Honglong, Mandhane, Amol, Tariq, Mukarram, Rae, Jack W., Wang, Gary, Ayoub, Kareem, FitzGerald, Nicholas, Zhao, Yao, Han, Woohyun, Alberti, Chris, Garrette, Dan, Krishnakumar, Kashyap, Gimenez, Mai, Levskaya, Anselm, Sohn, Daniel, Matak, Josip, Iturrate, Inaki, Chang, Michael B., Xiang, Jackie, Cao, Yuan, Ranka, Nishant, Brown, Geoff, Hutter, Adrian, Mirrokni, Vahab, Chen, Nanxin, Yao, Kaisheng, Egyed, Zoltan, Galilee, Francois, Liechty, Tyler, Kallakuri, Praveen, Palmer, Evan, Ghemawat, Sanjay, Liu, Jasmine, Tao, David, Thornton, Chloe, Green, Tim, Jasarevic, Mimi, Lin, Sharon, Cotruta, Victor, Tan, Yi-Xuan, Fiedel, Noah, Yu, Hongkun, Chi, Ed, Neitz, Alexander, Heitkaemper, Jens, Sinha, Anu, Zhou, Denny, Sun, Yi, Kaed, Charbel, Hulse, Brice, Mishra, Swaroop, Georgaki, Maria, Kudugunta, Sneha, Farabet, Clement, Shafran, Izhak, Vlasic, Daniel, Tsitsulin, Anton, Ananthanarayanan, Rajagopal, Carin, Alen, Su, Guolong, Sun, Pei, V, Shashank, Carvajal, Gabriel, Broder, Josef, Comsa, Iulia, Repina, Alena, Wong, William, Chen, Warren Weilun, Hawkins, Peter, Filonov, Egor, Loher, Lucia, Hirnschall, Christoph, Wang, Weiyi, Ye, Jingchen, Burns, Andrea, Cate, Hardie, Wright, Diana Gage, Piccinini, Federico, Zhang, Lei, Lin, Chu-Cheng, Gog, Ionel, Kulizhskaya, Yana, Sreevatsa, Ashwin, Song, Shuang, Cobo, Luis C., Iyer, Anand, Tekur, Chetan, Garrido, Guillermo, Xiao, Zhuyun, Kemp, Rupert, Zheng, Huaixiu Steven, Li, Hui, Agarwal, Ananth, Ngani, Christel, Goshvadi, Kati, Santamaria-Fernandez, Rebeca, Fica, Wojciech, Chen, Xinyun, Gorgolewski, Chris, Sun, Sean, Garg, Roopal, Ye, Xinyu, Eslami, S. M. Ali, Hua, Nan, Simon, Jon, Joshi, Pratik, Kim, Yelin, Tenney, Ian, Potluri, Sahitya, Thiet, Lam Nguyen, Yuan, Quan, Luisier, Florian, Chronopoulou, Alexandra, Scellato, Salvatore, Srinivasan, Praveen, Chen, Minmin, Koverkathu, Vinod, Dalibard, Valentin, Xu, Yaming, Saeta, Brennan, Anderson, Keith, Sellam, Thibault, Fernando, Nick, Huot, Fantine, Jung, Junehyuk, Varadarajan, Mani, Quinn, Michael, Raul, Amit, Le, Maigo, Habalov, Ruslan, Clark, Jon, Jalan, Komal, Bullard, Kalesha, Singhal, Achintya, Luong, Thang, Wang, Boyu, Rajayogam, Sujeevan, Eisenschlos, Julian, Jia, Johnson, Finchelstein, Daniel, Yakubovich, Alex, Balle, Daniel, Fink, Michael, Agarwal, Sameer, Li, Jing, Dvijotham, Dj, Pal, Shalini, Kang, Kai, Konzelmann, Jaclyn, Beattie, Jennifer, Dousse, Olivier, Wu, Diane, Crocker, Remi, Elkind, Chen, Jonnalagadda, Siddhartha Reddy, Lee, Jong, Holtmann-Rice, Dan, Kallarackal, Krystal, Liu, Rosanne, Vnukov, Denis, Vats, Neera, Invernizzi, Luca, Jafari, Mohsen, Zhou, Huanjie, Taylor, Lilly, Prendki, Jennifer, Wu, Marcus, Eccles, Tom, Liu, Tianqi, Kopparapu, Kavya, Beaufays, Francoise, Angermueller, Christof, Marzoca, Andreea, Sarcar, Shourya, Dib, Hilal, Stanway, Jeff, Perbet, Frank, Trdin, Nejc, Sterneck, Rachel, Khorlin, Andrey, Li, Dinghua, Wu, Xihui, Goenka, Sonam, Madras, David, Goldshtein, Sasha, Gierke, Willi, Zhou, Tong, Liu, Yaxin, Liang, Yannie, White, Anais, Li, Yunjie, Singh, Shreya, Bahargam, Sanaz, Epstein, Mark, Basu, Sujoy, Lao, Li, Ozturel, Adnan, Crous, Carl, Zhai, Alex, Lu, Han, Tung, Zora, Gaur, Neeraj, Walton, Alanna, Dixon, Lucas, Zhang, Ming, Globerson, Amir, Uy, Grant, Bolt, Andrew, Wiles, Olivia, Nasr, Milad, Shumailov, Ilia, Selvi, Marco, Piccinno, Francesco, Aguilar, Ricardo, McCarthy, Sara, Khalman, Misha, Shukla, Mrinal, Galic, Vlado, Carpenter, John, Villela, Kevin, Zhang, Haibin, Richardson, Harry, Martens, James, Bosnjak, Matko, Belle, Shreyas Rammohan, Seibert, Jeff, Alnahlawi, Mahmoud, McWilliams, Brian, Singh, Sankalp, Louis, Annie, Ding, Wen, Popovici, Dan, Simicich, Lenin, Knight, Laura, Mehta, Pulkit, Gupta, Nishesh, Shi, Chongyang, Fatehi, Saaber, Mitrovic, Jovana, Grills, Alex, Pagadora, Joseph, Petrova, Dessie, Eisenbud, Danielle, Zhang, Zhishuai, Yates, Damion, Mittal, Bhavishya, Tripuraneni, Nilesh, Assael, Yannis, Brovelli, Thomas, Jain, Prateek, Velimirovic, Mihajlo, Akbulut, Canfer, Mu, Jiaqi, Macherey, Wolfgang, Kumar, Ravin, Xu, Jun, Qureshi, Haroon, Comanici, Gheorghe, Wiesner, Jeremy, Gong, Zhitao, Ruddock, Anton, Bauer, Matthias, Felt, Nick, GP, Anirudh, Arnab, Anurag, Zelle, Dustin, Rothfuss, Jonas, Rosgen, Bill, Shenoy, Ashish, Seybold, Bryan, Li, Xinjian, Mudigonda, Jayaram, Erdogan, Goker, Xia, Jiawei, Simsa, Jiri, Michi, Andrea, Yao, Yi, Yew, Christopher, Kan, Steven, Caswell, Isaac, Radebaugh, Carey, Elisseeff, Andre, Valenzuela, Pedro, McKinney, Kay, Paterson, Kim, Cui, Albert, Latorre-Chimoto, Eri, Kim, Solomon, Zeng, William, Durden, Ken, Ponnapalli, Priya, Sosea, Tiberiu, Choquette-Choo, Christopher A., Manyika, James, Robenek, Brona, Vashisht, Harsha, Pereira, Sebastien, Lam, Hoi, Velic, Marko, Owusu-Afriyie, Denese, Lee, Katherine, Bolukbasi, Tolga, Parrish, Alicia, Lu, Shawn, Park, Jane, Venkatraman, Balaji, Talbert, Alice, Rosique, Lambert, Cheng, Yuchung, Sozanschi, Andrei, Paszke, Adam, Kumar, Praveen, Austin, Jessica, Li, Lu, Salama, Khalid, Kim, Wooyeol, Dukkipati, Nandita, Baryshnikov, Anthony, Kaplanis, Christos, Sheng, XiangHai, Chervonyi, Yuri, Unlu, Caglar, Casas, Diego de Las, Askham, Harry, Tunyasuvunakool, Kathryn, Gimeno, Felix, Poder, Siim, Kwak, Chester, Miecnikowski, Matt, Dimitriev, Alek, Parisi, Aaron, Liu, Dangyi, Tsai, Tomy, Shevlane, Toby, Kouridi, Christina, Garmon, Drew, Goedeckemeyer, Adrian, Brown, Adam R., Vijayakumar, Anitha, Elqursh, Ali, Jazayeri, Sadegh, Huang, Jin, Carthy, Sara Mc, Hoover, Jay, Kim, Lucy, Kumar, Sandeep, Chen, Wei, Biles, Courtney, Bingham, Garrett, Rosen, Evan, Wang, Lisa, Tan, Qijun, Engel, David, Pongetti, Francesco, de Cesare, Dario, Hwang, Dongseong, Yu, Lily, Pullman, Jennifer, Narayanan, Srini, Levin, Kyle, Gopal, Siddharth, Li, Megan, Aharoni, Asaf, Trinh, Trieu, Lo, Jessica, Casagrande, Norman, Vij, Roopali, Matthey, Loic, Ramadhana, Bramandia, Matthews, Austin, Carey, CJ, Johnson, Matthew, Goranova, Kremena, Shah, Rohin, Ashraf, Shereen, Dasgupta, Kingshuk, Larsen, Rasmus, Wang, Yicheng, Vuyyuru, Manish Reddy, Jiang, Chong, Ijazi, Joana, Osawa, Kazuki, Smith, Celine, Boppana, Ramya Sree, Bilal, Taylan, Koizumi, Yuma, Xu, Ying, Altun, Yasemin, Shabat, Nir, Bariach, Ben, Korchemniy, Alex, Choo, Kiam, Ronneberger, Olaf, Iwuanyanwu, Chimezie, Zhao, Shubin, Soergel, David, Hsieh, Cho-Jui, Cai, Irene, Iqbal, Shariq, Sundermeyer, Martin, Chen, Zhe, Bursztein, Elie, Malaviya, Chaitanya, Biadsy, Fadi, Shroff, Prakash, Dhillon, Inderjit, Latkar, Tejasi, Dyer, Chris, Forbes, Hannah, Nicosia, Massimo, Nikolaev, Vitaly, Greene, Somer, Georgiev, Marin, Wang, Pidong, Martin, Nina, Sedghi, Hanie, Zhang, John, Banzal, Praseem, Fritz, Doug, Rao, Vikram, Wang, Xuezhi, Zhang, Jiageng, Patraucean, Viorica, Du, Dayou, Mordatch, Igor, Jurin, Ivan, Liu, Lewis, Dubey, Ayush, Mohan, Abhi, Nowakowski, Janek, Ion, Vlad-Doru, Wei, Nan, Tojo, Reiko, Raad, Maria Abi, Hudson, Drew A., Keshava, Vaishakh, Agrawal, Shubham, Ramirez, Kevin, Wu, Zhichun, Nguyen, Hoang, Liu, Ji, Sewak, Madhavi, Petrini, Bryce, Choi, DongHyun, Philips, Ivan, Wang, Ziyue, Bica, Ioana, Garg, Ankush, Wilkiewicz, Jarek, Agrawal, Priyanka, Guo, Danhao, Xue, Emily, Shaik, Naseer, Leach, Andrew, Khan, Sadh MNM, Wiesinger, Julia, Jerome, Sammy, Chakladar, Abhishek, Wang, Alek Wenjiao, Ornduff, Tina, Abu, Folake, Ghaffarkhah, Alireza, Wainwright, Marcus, Cortes, Mario, Liu, Frederick, Maynez, Joshua, Terzis, Andreas, Samangouei, Pouya, Mansour, Riham, Kępa, Tomasz, Aubet, François-Xavier, Algymr, Anton, Banica, Dan, Weisz, Agoston, Orban, Andras, Senges, Alexandre, Andrejczuk, Ewa, Geller, Mark, Santo, Niccolo Dal, Anklin, Valentin, Merey, Majd Al, Baeuml, Martin, Strohman, Trevor, Bai, Junwen, Petrov, Slav, Wu, Yonghui, Hassabis, Demis, Kavukcuoglu, Koray, Dean, Jeffrey, and Vinyals, Oriol

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

In this report, we introduce the Gemini 1.5 family of models, representing the next generation of highly compute-efficient multimodal models capable of recalling and reasoning over fine-grained information from millions of tokens of context, including multiple long documents and hours of video and audio. The family includes two new models: (1) an updated Gemini 1.5 Pro, which exceeds the February version on the great majority of capabilities and benchmarks; (2) Gemini 1.5 Flash, a more lightweight variant designed for efficiency with minimal regression in quality. Gemini 1.5 models achieve near-perfect recall on long-context retrieval tasks across modalities, improve the state-of-the-art in long-document QA, long-video QA and long-context ASR, and match or surpass Gemini 1.0 Ultra's state-of-the-art performance across a broad set of benchmarks. Studying the limits of Gemini 1.5's long-context ability, we find continued improvement in next-token prediction and near-perfect retrieval (>99%) up to at least 10M tokens, a generational leap over existing models such as Claude 3.0 (200k) and GPT-4 Turbo (128k). Finally, we highlight real-world use cases, such as Gemini 1.5 collaborating with professionals on completing their tasks achieving 26 to 75% time savings across 10 different job categories, as well as surprising new capabilities of large language models at the frontier; when given a grammar manual for Kalamang, a language with fewer than 200 speakers worldwide, the model learns to translate English to Kalamang at a similar level to a person who learned from the same content.

Published
2024

2. Developing a Drift Rate Distribution for Technosignature Searches of Exoplanets

Author

Li, Megan G., Sheikh, Sofia Z., Gilbertson, Christian, He, Matthias Y., Isaacson, Howard, Croft, Steve, and Sneed, Evan L.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

A stable-frequency transmitter with relative radial acceleration to a receiver will show a change in received frequency over time, known as a "drift rate''. For a transmission from an exoplanet, we must account for multiple components of drift rate: the exoplanet's orbit and rotation, the Earth's orbit and rotation, and other contributions. Understanding the drift rate distribution produced by exoplanets relative to Earth, can a) help us constrain the range of drift rates to check in a Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) project to detect radio technosignatures and b) help us decide validity of signals-of-interest, as we can compare drifting signals with expected drift rates from the target star. In this paper, we modeled the drift rate distribution for $\sim$5300 confirmed exoplanets, using parameters from the NASA Exoplanet Archive (NEA). We find that confirmed exoplanets have drift rates such that 99\% of them fall within the $\pm$53 nHz range. This implies a distribution-informed maximum drift rate $\sim$4 times lower than previous work. To mitigate the observational biases inherent in the NEA, we also simulated an exoplanet population built to reduce these biases. The results suggest that, for a Kepler-like target star without known exoplanets, $\pm$0.44 nHz would be sufficient to account for 99\% of signals. This reduction in recommended maximum drift rate is partially due to inclination effects and bias towards short orbital periods in the NEA. These narrowed drift rate maxima will increase the efficiency of searches and save significant computational effort in future radio technosignature searches., Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures

Published
2023
Full Text
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4. A Search for Technosignatures Around 11,680 Stars with the Green Bank Telescope at 1.15-1.73 GHz

Author

Margot, Jean-Luc, Li, Megan G., Pinchuk, Pavlo, Myhrvold, Nathan, Lesyna, Larry, Alcantara, Lea E., Andrakin, Megan T., Arunseangroj, Jeth, Baclet, Damien S., Belk, Madison H., Bhadha, Zerxes R., Brandis, Nicholas W., Carey, Robert E., Cassar, Harrison P., Chava, Sai S., Chen, Calvin, Chen, James, Cheng, Kellen T., Cimbri, Alessia, Cloutier, Benjamin, Combitsis, Jordan A., Couvrette, Kelly L., Coy, Brandon P., Davis, Kyle W., Delcayre, Antoine F., Du, Michelle R., Feil, Sarah E., Fu, Danning, Gilmore, Travis J., Grahill-Bland, Emery, Iglesias, Laura M., Juneau, Zoe, Karapetian, Anthony G., Karfakis, George, Lambert, Christopher T., Lazbin, Eric A., Li, Jian H., Zhuofu, Li, Liskij, Nicholas M., Lopilato, Anthony V., Lu, Darren J., Ma, Detao, Mathur, Vedant, Minasyan, Mary H., Muller, Maxwell K., Nasielski, Mark T., Nguyen, Janice T., Nicholson, Lorraine M., Niemoeller, Samantha, Ohri, Divij, Padhye, Atharva U., Penmetcha, Supreethi V., Prakash, Yugantar, Xinyi, Qi, Rindt, Liam, Sahu, Vedant, Scally, Joshua A., Scott, Zefyr, Seddon, Trevor J., Shohet, Lara-Lynn V., Sinha, Anchal, Sinigiani, Anthony E., Song, Jiuxu, Stice, Spencer M., Uplisashvili, Andria, Vanga, Krishna, Vazquez, Amaury G., Vetushko, George, Villa, Valeria, Vincent, Maria, Waasdorp, Ian J., Wagaman, Ian B., Wang, Amanda, Wight, Jade C., Wong, Ella, Yamaguchi, Natsuko, Zhang, Zijin, Zhao, Junyang, and Lynch, Ryan S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We conducted a search for narrowband radio signals over four observing sessions in 2020-2023 with the L-band receiver (1.15-1.73 GHz) of the 100 m diameter Green Bank Telescope. We pointed the telescope in the directions of 62 TESS Objects of Interest, capturing radio emissions from a total of ~11,680 stars and planetary systems in the ~9 arcminute beam of the telescope. All detections were either automatically rejected or visually inspected and confirmed to be of anthropogenic nature. In this work, we also quantified the end-to-end efficiency of radio SETI pipelines with a signal injection and recovery analysis. The UCLA SETI pipeline recovers 94.0% of the injected signals over the usable frequency range of the receiver and 98.7% of the injections when regions of dense RFI are excluded. In another pipeline that uses incoherent sums of 51 consecutive spectra, the recovery rate is ~15 times smaller at ~6%. The pipeline efficiency affects calculations of transmitter prevalence and SETI search volume. Accordingly, we developed an improved Drake Figure of Merit and a formalism to place upper limits on transmitter prevalence that take the pipeline efficiency and transmitter duty cycle into account. Based on our observations, we can state at the 95% confidence level that fewer than 6.6% of stars within 100 pc host a transmitter that is detectable in our search (EIRP > 1e13 W). For stars within 20,000 ly, the fraction of stars with detectable transmitters (EIRP > 5e16 W) is at most 3e-4. Finally, we showed that the UCLA SETI pipeline natively detects the signals detected with AI techniques by Ma et al. (2023)., Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures, in press at AJ

Published
2023
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5. Heterozygous loss-of-function variants in DOCK4 cause neurodevelopmental delay and microcephaly

Author

Herbst, Charlotte, Bothe, Viktoria, Wegler, Meret, Axer-Schaefer, Susanne, Audebert-Bellanger, Séverine, Gecz, Jozef, Cogne, Benjamin, Feldman, Hagit Baris, Horn, Anselm H. C., Hurst, Anna C. E., Kelly, Melissa A., Kruer, Michael C., Kurolap, Alina, Laquerriere, Annie, Li, Megan, Mark, Paul R., Morawski, Markus, Nizon, Mathilde, Pastinen, Tomi, Polster, Tilman, Saugier-Veber, Pascale, SeSong, Jang, Sticht, Heinrich, Stieler, Jens T., Thifffault, Isabelle, van Eyk, Clare L., Marcorelles, Pascale, Vezain-Mouchard, Myriam, Abou Jamra, Rami, and Oppermann, Henry

Published
2024
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6. LARP1 haploinsufficiency is associated with an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder

Author

Chettle, James, Louie, Raymond J., Larner, Olivia, Best, Robert, Chen, Kevin, Morris, Josephine, Dedeic, Zinaida, Childers, Anna, Rogers, R. Curtis, DuPont, Barbara R., Skinner, Cindy, Küry, Sébastien, Uguen, Kevin, Planes, Marc, Monteil, Danielle, Li, Megan, Eliyahu, Aviva, Greenbaum, Lior, Mor, Nofar, Besnard, Thomas, Isidor, Bertrand, Cogné, Benjamin, Blesson, Alyssa, Comi, Anne, Wentzensen, Ingrid M., Vuocolo, Blake, Lalani, Seema R., Sierra, Roberta, Berry, Lori, Carter, Kent, Sanders, Stephan J., and Blagden, Sarah P.

Published
2024
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7. Predicting COVID-19 county-level case number trend by combining demographic characteristics and social distancing policies

Author

Li, Megan Mun, Pham, Anh, and Kuo, Tsung-Ting

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Health Sciences, Prevention, COVID-19, machine learning, county-level case number trend prediction, demographic characteristics, social distancing policies, Health services and systems
Abstract

ObjectivePredicting daily trends in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) case number is important to support individual decisions in taking preventative measures. This study aims to use COVID-19 case number history, demographic characteristics, and social distancing policies both independently/interdependently to predict the daily trend in the rise or fall of county-level cases.Materials and methodsWe extracted 2093 features (5 from the US COVID-19 case number history, 1824 from the demographic characteristics independently/interdependently, and 264 from the social distancing policies independently/interdependently) for 3142 US counties. Using the top selected 200 features, we built 4 machine learning models: Logistic Regression, Naïve Bayes, Multi-Layer Perceptron, and Random Forest, along with 4 Ensemble methods: Average, Product, Minimum, and Maximum, and compared their performances.ResultsThe Ensemble Average method had the highest area-under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.692. The top ranked features were all interdependent features.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest the predictive power of diverse features, especially when combined, in predicting county-level trends of COVID-19 cases and can be helpful to individuals in making their daily decisions. Our results may guide future studies to consider more features interdependently from conventionally distinct data sources in county-level predictive models. Our code is available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332944.

Published
2022

9. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocol: Association of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Schizophrenia.

Author

Fausak, Erik Davis, Bapu, Saanvi, Belambe, Amruta, Duron, Summer, Espinoza, Johnathan, Horner, Benjamin, Johnston, Kasidy, La, Gabriana, Le, Tianna, Greenblatt, Zoe Lee, Li, Jessie, Li, Megan, Min, Angela, Rathi, Yash, Raymond, Ellie, Rodriguez, Oscar, Rohan, Lena, Sandoval, Elvis, Santiago, Luis, Schafaie, Iman, Singh, Anya, Thomas, Kaitlyn, Tran, Huy-An, Vadulas, Nidhi, Veder, Maccabee, Vorkapich, Aldo, Wang, Jianan, Zeller, Frederich, and Giulivi, Cecilia

Published
2021

10. Previewable Contract-Based On-Chain X-Ray Image Sharing Framework for Clinical Research

Author

Li, Megan Mun and Kuo, Tsung-Ting

Subjects
Information and Computing Sciences, Software Engineering, Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD), Blockchain, Diagnostic Imaging, Humans, Software, X-Rays, Clinical Research, Image Sharing Interoperability, Engineering, Medical and Health Sciences, Medical Informatics, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences, Information and computing sciences
Abstract

BackgroundAn image sharing framework is important to support downstream data analysis especially for pandemics like Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Current centralized image sharing frameworks become dysfunctional if any part of the framework fails. Existing decentralized image sharing frameworks do not store the images on the blockchain, thus the data themselves are not highly available, immutable, and provable. Meanwhile, storing images on the blockchain provides availability/immutability/provenance to the images, yet produces challenges such as large-image handling, high viewing latency while viewing images, and software inconsistency while storing/loading images.ObjectiveThis study aims to store chest x-ray images using a blockchain-based framework to handle large images, improve viewing latency, and enhance software consistency.Basic proceduresWe developed a splitting and merging function to handle large images, a feature that allows previewing an image earlier to improve viewing latency, and a smart contract to enhance software consistency. We used 920 publicly available images to evaluate the storing and loading methods through time measurements.Main findingsThe blockchain network successfully shares large images up to 18 MB and supports smart contracts to provide code immutability, availability, and provenance. Applying the preview feature successfully shared images 93% faster than sharing images without the preview feature.Principal conclusionsThe findings of this study can guide future studies to generalize our framework to other forms of data to improve sharing and interoperability.

Published
2021

11. Identification of a Genomic Region between SLC29A1 and HSP90AB1 Associated with Risk of Bevacizumab-Induced Hypertension: CALGB 80405 (Alliance)

Author

Li, Megan, Mulkey, Flora, Jiang, Chen, O’Neil, Bert H, Schneider, Bryan P, Shen, Fei, Friedman, Paula N, Momozawa, Yukihide, Kubo, Michiaki, Niedzwiecki, Donna, Hochster, Howard S, Lenz, Heinz-Josef, Atkins, James N, Rugo, Hope S, Halabi, Susan, Kelly, William Kevin, McLeod, Howard L, Innocenti, Federico, Ratain, Mark J, Venook, Alan P, Owzar, Kouros, and Kroetz, Deanna L

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Human Genome, Genetics, Cancer, Cardiovascular, Clinical Research, Patient Safety, Biotechnology, Hypertension, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Bevacizumab, Clinical Trials as Topic, Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Clinical sciences, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

Purpose: Bevacizumab is a VEGF-specific angiogenesis inhibitor indicated as an adjunct to chemotherapy for the treatment of multiple cancers. Hypertension is commonly observed during bevacizumab treatment, and high-grade toxicity can limit therapy or lead to cardiovascular complications. The factors that contribute to interindividual variability in blood pressure rise during bevacizumab treatment are not well understood.Experimental Design: To identify genomic regions associated with bevacizumab-induced hypertension risk, sequencing of candidate genes and flanking regulatory regions was performed on 61 patients treated with bevacizumab (19 cases developed early-onset grade 3 hypertension and 42 controls had no reported hypertension in the first six cycles of treatment). SNP-based tests for common variant associations and gene-based tests for rare variant associations were performed in 174 candidate genes.Results: Four common variants in independent linkage disequilibrium blocks between SLC29A1 and HSP90AB1 were among the top associations. Validation in larger bevacizumab-treated cohorts supported association between rs9381299 with early grade 3+ hypertension (P = 0.01; OR, 2.4) and systolic blood pressure >180 mm Hg (P = 0.02; OR, 2.1). rs834576 was associated with early grade 3+ hypertension in CALGB 40502 (P = 0.03; OR, 2.9). These SNP regions are enriched for regulatory elements that may potentially increase gene expression. In vitro overexpression of SLC29A1 in human endothelial cells disrupted adenosine signaling and reduced nitric oxide levels that were further lowered upon bevacizumab exposure.Conclusions: The genomic region between SLC29A1 and HSP90AB1 and its role in regulating adenosine signaling are key targets for further investigation into the pathogenesis of bevacizumab-induced hypertension. Clin Cancer Res; 24(19); 4734-44. ©2018 AACR.

Published
2018

12. Bevacizumab-induced hypertension: Clinical presentation and molecular understanding

Author

Li, Megan and Kroetz, Deanna L

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Cardiovascular, Hypertension, Cancer, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Clinical Research, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Bevacizumab, Humans, Models, Cardiovascular, Vasodilation, VEGF, Pharmacogenetics, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
Abstract

Bevacizumab is a vascular endothelial growth factor-A-specific angiogenesis inhibitor indicated as an adjunct to chemotherapy for the treatment of several types of cancer. Hypertension is commonly observed during bevacizumab treatment, and high-grade toxicity can limit therapy and lead to other cardiovascular complications. The factors that contribute to interindividual variability in blood pressure response to bevacizumab treatment are not well understood. In this review, we outline research efforts to understand the mechanisms and pathophysiology of hypertension resulting from bevacizumab treatment. Moreover, we highlight current knowledge of the pharmacogenetics of bevacizumab-induced hypertension, which may be used to develop strategies to prevent or minimize this toxicity.

Published
2018

14. Psi Chi brings animals from Humane Society to campus

Author

Li, Megan

Subjects
Societies, Philanthropy, Associations, institutions, etc., Pets, News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Megan Li Students gathered in the TV lounge Tuesday to take a break from studying with puppies from the local Humane Society. Courtesy | Psi Chi Puppies from the [...]

Published
2024

15. 'New' species of Tyrannosaurus Rex fossil found in New Mexico

Author

Li, Megan

Subjects
Tyrannosaurus rex -- Discovery and exploration, News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Megan Li A fossil found in New Mexico belongs to a new species of dinosaur. Courtesy | Twitter A partial skull found in southeastern New Mexico belongs to a [...]

Published
2024

16. Spliceosome malfunction causes neurodevelopmental disorders with overlapping features

Author

Li, Dong, Wang, Qin, Bayat, Allan, Battig, Mark R., Zhou, Yijing, Bosch, Daniëlle G.M., van Haaften, Gijs, Granger, Leslie, Petersen, Andrea K., Pérez-Jurado, Luis A., Aznar-Laín, Gemma, Aneja, Anushree, Hancarova, Miroslava, Bendova, Sarka, Schwarz, Martin, Pourova, Radka Kremlikova, Sedlacek, Zdenek, Keena, Beth A., March, Michael E., Hou, Cuiping, O’Connor, Nora, Bhoj, Elizabeth J., Harr, Margaret H., Lemire, Gabrielle, Boycott, Kym M., Towne, Meghan, Li, Megan, Tarnopolsky, Mark, Brady, Lauren, Parker, Michael J., Faghfoury, Hanna, Parsley, Lea Kristin, Agolini, Emanuele, Dentici, Maria Lisa, Novelli, Antonio, Wright, Meredith, Palmquist, Rachel, Lai, Khanh, Scala, Marcello, Striano, Pasquale, Iacomino, Michele, Zara, Federico, Cooper, Annina, Maarup, Timothy J., Byler, Melissa, Lebel, Robert Roger, Balci, Tugce B., Louie, Raymond, Lyons, Michael, Douglas, Jessica, Nowak, Catherine, Afenjar, Alexandra, Hoyer, Juliane, Keren, Boris, Maas, Saskia M., Motazacker, Mahdi M., Martinez-Agosto, Julian A., Rabani, Ahna M., McCormick, Elizabeth M., Falk, Marni J., Ruggiero, Sarah M., Helbig, Ingo, Møller, Rikke S., Tessarollo, Lino, Ardori, Francesco Tomassoni, Palko, Mary Ellen, Hsieh, Tzung Chien, Krawitz, Peter M., Ganapathi, Mythily, Gelb, Bruce D., Jobanputra, Vaidehi, Wilson, Ashley, Greally, John, Jacquemont, Sébastien, Jizi, Khadijé, Bruel, Ange Line, Quelin, Chloé, Misra, Vinod K., Chick, Erika, Romano, Corrado, Greco, Donatella, Arena, Alessia, Morleo, Manuela, Nigro, Vincenzo, Seyama, Rie, Uchiyama, Yuri, Matsumoto, Naomichi, Taira, Ryoji, Tashiro, Katsuya, Sakai, Yasunari, Yigit, Gökhan, Wollnik, Bernd, Wagner, Michael, Kutsche, Barbara, Hurst, Anna C.E., Thompson, Michelle L., Schmidt, Ryan, Randolph, Linda, Spillmann, Rebecca C., Shashi, Vandana, Higginbotham, Edward J., Cordeiro, Dawn, Carnevale, Amanda, Costain, Gregory, Khan, Tayyaba, Funalot, Benoît, Mau-Them, Frederic Tran, Garcia Moya, Luis Fernandez, García-Miñaúr, Sixto, Osmond, Matthew, Chad, Lauren, Quercia, Nada, Carrasco, Diana, Li, Chumei, Sanchez-Valle, Amarilis, Kelley, Meghan, Nizon, Mathilde, Jensson, Brynjar O., Sulem, Patrick, Stefansson, Kari, Gorokhova, Svetlana, Busa, Tiffany, Rio, Marlène, Habdallah, Hamza Hadj, Lesieur-Sebellin, Marion, Amiel, Jeanne, Pingault, Véronique, Mercier, Sandra, Vincent, Marie, Philippe, Christophe, Fatus-Fauconnier, Clemence, Friend, Kathryn, Halligan, Rebecca K., Biswas, Sunita, Rosser, Jane, Shoubridge, Cheryl, Corbett, Mark, Barnett, Christopher, Gecz, Jozef, Leppig, Kathleen, Slavotinek, Anne, Marcelis, Carlo, Pfundt, Rolph, de Vries, Bert B.A., van Slegtenhorst, Marjon A., Brooks, Alice S., Cogne, Benjamin, Rambaud, Thomas, Tümer, Zeynep, Zackai, Elaine H., Akizu, Naiara, Song, Yuanquan, Hakonarson, Hakon, Li, Dong, Wang, Qin, Bayat, Allan, Battig, Mark R., Zhou, Yijing, Bosch, Daniëlle G.M., van Haaften, Gijs, Granger, Leslie, Petersen, Andrea K., Pérez-Jurado, Luis A., Aznar-Laín, Gemma, Aneja, Anushree, Hancarova, Miroslava, Bendova, Sarka, Schwarz, Martin, Pourova, Radka Kremlikova, Sedlacek, Zdenek, Keena, Beth A., March, Michael E., Hou, Cuiping, O’Connor, Nora, Bhoj, Elizabeth J., Harr, Margaret H., Lemire, Gabrielle, Boycott, Kym M., Towne, Meghan, Li, Megan, Tarnopolsky, Mark, Brady, Lauren, Parker, Michael J., Faghfoury, Hanna, Parsley, Lea Kristin, Agolini, Emanuele, Dentici, Maria Lisa, Novelli, Antonio, Wright, Meredith, Palmquist, Rachel, Lai, Khanh, Scala, Marcello, Striano, Pasquale, Iacomino, Michele, Zara, Federico, Cooper, Annina, Maarup, Timothy J., Byler, Melissa, Lebel, Robert Roger, Balci, Tugce B., Louie, Raymond, Lyons, Michael, Douglas, Jessica, Nowak, Catherine, Afenjar, Alexandra, Hoyer, Juliane, Keren, Boris, Maas, Saskia M., Motazacker, Mahdi M., Martinez-Agosto, Julian A., Rabani, Ahna M., McCormick, Elizabeth M., Falk, Marni J., Ruggiero, Sarah M., Helbig, Ingo, Møller, Rikke S., Tessarollo, Lino, Ardori, Francesco Tomassoni, Palko, Mary Ellen, Hsieh, Tzung Chien, Krawitz, Peter M., Ganapathi, Mythily, Gelb, Bruce D., Jobanputra, Vaidehi, Wilson, Ashley, Greally, John, Jacquemont, Sébastien, Jizi, Khadijé, Bruel, Ange Line, Quelin, Chloé, Misra, Vinod K., Chick, Erika, Romano, Corrado, Greco, Donatella, Arena, Alessia, Morleo, Manuela, Nigro, Vincenzo, Seyama, Rie, Uchiyama, Yuri, Matsumoto, Naomichi, Taira, Ryoji, Tashiro, Katsuya, Sakai, Yasunari, Yigit, Gökhan, Wollnik, Bernd, Wagner, Michael, Kutsche, Barbara, Hurst, Anna C.E., Thompson, Michelle L., Schmidt, Ryan, Randolph, Linda, Spillmann, Rebecca C., Shashi, Vandana, Higginbotham, Edward J., Cordeiro, Dawn, Carnevale, Amanda, Costain, Gregory, Khan, Tayyaba, Funalot, Benoît, Mau-Them, Frederic Tran, Garcia Moya, Luis Fernandez, García-Miñaúr, Sixto, Osmond, Matthew, Chad, Lauren, Quercia, Nada, Carrasco, Diana, Li, Chumei, Sanchez-Valle, Amarilis, Kelley, Meghan, Nizon, Mathilde, Jensson, Brynjar O., Sulem, Patrick, Stefansson, Kari, Gorokhova, Svetlana, Busa, Tiffany, Rio, Marlène, Habdallah, Hamza Hadj, Lesieur-Sebellin, Marion, Amiel, Jeanne, Pingault, Véronique, Mercier, Sandra, Vincent, Marie, Philippe, Christophe, Fatus-Fauconnier, Clemence, Friend, Kathryn, Halligan, Rebecca K., Biswas, Sunita, Rosser, Jane, Shoubridge, Cheryl, Corbett, Mark, Barnett, Christopher, Gecz, Jozef, Leppig, Kathleen, Slavotinek, Anne, Marcelis, Carlo, Pfundt, Rolph, de Vries, Bert B.A., van Slegtenhorst, Marjon A., Brooks, Alice S., Cogne, Benjamin, Rambaud, Thomas, Tümer, Zeynep, Zackai, Elaine H., Akizu, Naiara, Song, Yuanquan, and Hakonarson, Hakon

Abstract

Pre-mRNA splicing is a highly coordinated process. While its dysregulation has been linked to neurological deficits, our understanding of the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remains limited. We implicated pathogenic variants in U2AF2 and PRPF19, encoding spliceosome subunits in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), by identifying 46 unrelated individuals with 23 de novo U2AF2 missense variants (including 7 recurrent variants in 30 individuals) and 6 individuals with de novo PRPF19 variants. Eight U2AF2 variants dysregulated splicing of a model substrate. Neuritogenesis was reduced in human neurons differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells carrying two U2AF2 hyper-recurrent variants. Neural loss of function (LoF) of the Drosophila orthologs U2af50 and Prp19 led to lethality, abnormal mushroom body (MB) patterning, and social deficits, which were differentially rescued by wild-type and mutant U2AF2 or PRPF19. Transcriptome profiling revealed splicing substrates or effectors (including Rbfox1, a third splicing factor), which rescued MB defects in U2af50deficient flies. Upon reanalysis of negative clinical exomes followed by data sharing, we further identified 6 patients with NDD who carried RBFOX1 missense variants which, by in vitro testing, showed LoF. Our study implicates 3 splicing factors as NDD-causative genes and establishes a genetic network with hierarchy underlying human brain development and function.

Published
2024

17. De novo FRMD5 Missense Variants in Patients with Childhood‐Onset Ataxia, Prominent Nystagmus, and Seizures.

Author

Keller Sarmiento, Ignacio J., Bustos, Bernabe I., Blackburn, Joanna, Hac, Nicholas E.F., Ruzhnikov, Maura, Monroe, Matthea, Levy, Rebecca J., Kinsley, Lisa, Li, Megan, Silani, Vincenzo, Lubbe, Steven J., Krainc, Dimitri, and Mencacci, Niccolò E.

Abstract

Background: FRMD5 variants were recently identified in patients with developmental delay, ataxia, and eye movement abnormalities. Objectives: We describe 2 patients presenting with childhood‐onset ataxia, nystagmus, and seizures carrying pathogenic de novo FRMD5 variants. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to gain insights into the function of FRMD5 in the brain. Methods: Trio‐based whole‐exome sequencing was performed in both patients, and CoExp web tool was used to conduct WGCNA. Results: Both patients presented with developmental delay, childhood‐onset ataxia, nystagmus, and seizures. Previously unreported findings were diffuse choreoathetosis and dystonia of the hands (patient 1) and areas of abnormal magnetic resonance imaging signal in the white matter (patient 2). WGCNA showed that FRMD5 belongs to gene networks involved in neurodevelopment and oligodendrocyte function. Conclusions: We expanded the phenotype of FRMD5‐related disease and shed light on its role in brain function and development. We recommend including FRMD5 in the genetic workup of childhood‐onset ataxia and nystagmus. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. Spliceosome malfunction causes neurodevelopmental disorders with overlapping features

Author

Li, Dong, primary, Wang, Qin, additional, Bayat, Allan, additional, Battig, Mark R., additional, Zhou, Yijing, additional, Bosch, Daniëlle G.M., additional, van Haaften, Gijs, additional, Granger, Leslie, additional, Petersen, Andrea K., additional, Pérez-Jurado, Luis A., additional, Aznar-Laín, Gemma, additional, Aneja, Anushree, additional, Hancarova, Miroslava, additional, Bendova, Sarka, additional, Schwarz, Martin, additional, Kremlíková Pourová, Radka, additional, Sedlacek, Zdenek, additional, Keena, Beth A., additional, March, Michael E., additional, Hou, Cuiping, additional, O'Connor, Nora, additional, Bhoj, Elizabeth J., additional, Harr, Margaret H., additional, Lemire, Gabrielle, additional, Boycott, Kym M., additional, Towne, Meghan C., additional, Li, Megan, additional, Tarnopolsky, Mark, additional, Brady, Lauren, additional, Parker, Michael J., additional, Faghfoury, Hanna, additional, Parsley, Lea Kristin, additional, Agolini, Emanuele, additional, Dentici, Maria Lisa, additional, Novelli, Antonio, additional, Wright, Meredith S., additional, Palmquist, Rachel, additional, Lai, Khanh, additional, Scala, Marcello, additional, Striano, Pasquale, additional, Iacomino, Michele, additional, Zara, Federico, additional, Cooper, Annina, additional, Maarup, Timothy J., additional, Byler, Melissa, additional, Lebel, Robert Roger, additional, Balci, Tugce B., additional, Louie, Raymond J., additional, Lyons, Michael J., additional, Douglas, Jessica, additional, Nowak, Catherine B., additional, Afenjar, Alexandra, additional, Hoyer, Juliane, additional, Keren, Boris, additional, Maas, Saskia M., additional, Motazacker, Mahdi M., additional, Martinez-Agosto, Julian A., additional, Rabani, Ahna M., additional, McCormick, Elizabeth M., additional, Falk, Marni, additional, Ruggiero, Sarah M., additional, Helbig, Ingo, additional, Møller, Rikke S., additional, Tessarollo, Lino, additional, Tomassoni-Ardori, Francesco, additional, Palko, Mary Ellen, additional, Hsieh, Tzung-Chien, additional, Krawitz, Peter M., additional, Ganapathi, Mythily, additional, Gelb, Bruce D., additional, Jobanputra, Vaidehi, additional, Wilson, Ashley, additional, Greally, John, additional, Jacquemont, Sébastien, additional, Jizi, Khadijé, additional, Ange-Line, Bruel, additional, Quelin, Chloé, additional, Misra, Vinod K., additional, Chick, Erika, additional, Romano, Corrado, additional, Greco, Donatella, additional, Arena, Alessia, additional, Morleo, Manuela, additional, Nigro, Vincenzo, additional, Seyama, Rie, additional, Uchiyama, Yuri, additional, Matsumoto, Naomichi, additional, Taira, Ryoji, additional, Tashiro, Katsuya, additional, Sakai, Yasunari, additional, Yigit, Gökhan, additional, Wollnik, Bernd, additional, Wagner, Michael, additional, Kutsche, Barbara, additional, Hurst, Anna C.E., additional, Thompson, Michelle L., additional, Schmidt, Ryan J., additional, Randolph, Linda M., additional, Spillmann, Rebecca C., additional, Shashi, Vandana, additional, Higginbotham, Edward J., additional, Cordeiro, Dawn, additional, Carnevale, Amanda, additional, Costain, Gregory, additional, Khan, Tayyaba, additional, Funalot, Benoît, additional, Tran Mau-Them, Frederic, additional, Fernandez Garcia Moya, Luis, additional, García-Miñaúr, Sixto, additional, Osmond, Matthew, additional, Chad, Lauren, additional, Quercia, Nada, additional, Carrasco, Diana, additional, Li, Chumei, additional, Sanchez-Valle, Amarilis, additional, Kelley, Meghan, additional, Nizon, Mathilde, additional, Jensson, Brynjar O., additional, Sulem, Patrick, additional, Stefansson, Kari, additional, Gorokhova, Svetlana, additional, Busa, Tiffany, additional, Rio, Marlène, additional, Hadj Abdallah, Hamza, additional, Lesieur-Sebellin, Marion, additional, Amiel, Jeanne, additional, Pingault, Véronique, additional, Mercier, Sandra, additional, Vincent, Marie, additional, Philippe, Christophe, additional, Fatus-Fauconnier, Clemence, additional, Friend, Kathryn, additional, Halligan, Rebecca K., additional, Biswas, Sunita, additional, Rosser, Jane M.R., additional, Shoubridge, Cheryl, additional, Corbett, Mark A., additional, Barnett, Christopher, additional, Gecz, Jozef, additional, Leppig, Kathleen A., additional, Slavotinek, Anne, additional, Marcelis, Carlo, additional, Pfundt, Rolph, additional, de Vries, Bert B.A., additional, van Slegtenhorst, Marjon A., additional, Brooks, Alice S., additional, Cogne, Benjamin, additional, Rambaud, Thomas, additional, Tümer, Zeynep, additional, Zackai, Elaine H., additional, Akizu, Naiara, additional, Song, Yuanquan, additional, and Hakonarson, Hakon, additional

Published
2023
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20. Heterozygous loss-of function variants in DOCK4 cause neurodevelopmental delay and microcephaly

Author

Herbst, Charlotte, primary, Bothe, Viktoria, additional, Wegler, Meret, additional, Axer-Schaefer, Susanne, additional, Audebert-Bellanger, Séverine, additional, Gecz, Jozef, additional, Cogne, Benjamin, additional, Feldman, Hagit Baris, additional, Horn, Anselm H.C., additional, Hurst, Anna CE, additional, Kelly, Melissa A, additional, Kruer, Michael C., additional, Kurolap, Alina, additional, Laquerriere, Annie, additional, Li, Megan, additional, Mark, Paul R., additional, Morawski, Markus, additional, Nizon, Mathilde, additional, Pastinen, Tomi, additional, Polster, Tilman, additional, Saugier-Veber, Pascale, additional, SeSong, Jang, additional, Sticht, Heinrich, additional, Stieler, Jens T., additional, Thifffault, Isabelle, additional, Eyk, Clare L, additional, Marcorelles, Pascale, additional, Vezain-Mouchard, Myriam, additional, Jamra, Rami Abou, additional, and Oppermann, Henry, additional

Published
2023
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22. A Search for Technosignatures Around 11,680 Stars with the Green Bank Telescope at 1.15–1.73 GHz

Author

Margot, Jean-Luc, primary, Li, Megan G., additional, Pinchuk, Pavlo, additional, Myhrvold, Nathan, additional, Lesyna, Larry, additional, Alcantara, Lea E., additional, Andrakin, Megan T., additional, Arunseangroj, Jeth, additional, Baclet, Damien S., additional, Belk, Madison H., additional, Bhadha, Zerxes R., additional, Brandis, Nicholas W., additional, Carey, Robert E., additional, Cassar, Harrison P., additional, Chava, Sai S., additional, Chen, Calvin, additional, Chen, James, additional, Cheng, Kellen T., additional, Cimbri, Alessia, additional, Cloutier, Benjamin, additional, Combitsis, Jordan A., additional, Couvrette, Kelly L., additional, Coy, Brandon P., additional, Davis, Kyle W., additional, Delcayre, Antoine F., additional, Du, Michelle R., additional, Feil, Sarah E., additional, Fu, Danning, additional, Gilmore, Travis J., additional, Grahill-Bland, Emery, additional, Iglesias, Laura M., additional, Juneau, Zoe, additional, Karapetian, Anthony G., additional, Karfakis, George, additional, Lambert, Christopher T., additional, Lazbin, Eric A., additional, Li, Jian H., additional, Li, Zhuofu (Chester), additional, Liskij, Nicholas M., additional, Lopilato, Anthony V., additional, Lu, Darren J., additional, Ma, Detao, additional, Mathur, Vedant, additional, Minasyan, Mary H., additional, Muller, Maxwell K., additional, Nasielski, Mark T., additional, Nguyen, Janice T., additional, Nicholson, Lorraine M., additional, Niemoeller, Samantha, additional, Ohri, Divij, additional, Padhye, Atharva U., additional, Penmetcha, Supreethi V., additional, Prakash, Yugantar, additional, Qi, Xinyi (Cindy), additional, Rindt, Liam, additional, Sahu, Vedant, additional, Scally, Joshua A., additional, Scott, Zefyr, additional, Seddon, Trevor J., additional, Shohet, Lara-Lynn V., additional, Sinha, Anchal, additional, Sinigiani, Anthony E., additional, Song, Jiuxu, additional, Stice, Spencer M., additional, Tabucol, Nadine M., additional, Uplisashvili, Andria, additional, Vanga, Krishna, additional, Vazquez, Amaury G., additional, Vetushko, George, additional, Villa, Valeria, additional, Vincent, Maria, additional, Waasdorp, Ian J., additional, Wagaman, Ian B., additional, Wang, Amanda, additional, Wight, Jade C., additional, Wong, Ella, additional, Yamaguchi, Natsuko, additional, Zhang, Zijin, additional, Zhao, Junyang, additional, and Lynch, Ryan S., additional

Published
2023
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24. Students enjoy spooky fall poems at Penny's for 'Profs and Poetry'

Author

Li, Megan

Subjects
College teachers, News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Megan Li Students gathered in the Penny's coffee shop to read and discuss haunted fall poems with Associate Professor of English Elizabeth Fredricks Oct. 13. Fredericks and junior Alydia [...]

Published
2023

26. Does a Past Category's Success Influence Existing Entrepreneurial Fundraising?: A Legitimacy Spillover Perspective.

Author

Li, Megan Yuan, Dong, Charson Cancan, and Makino, Shige

Subjects
BUSINESSPEOPLE, INVESTORS, CROWD funding, SUCCESS
Abstract

Research on entrepreneurial crowdfunding has focused limited attention to the role of category in investors' decisions. We examine the legitimacy spillover effect of projects within the same category of industry on the focal project's fundraising. We decompose category legitimacy into two types—stable versus transient—and investigate their distinct effects on fundraising. Our dataset, derived from 31,767 projects on Kickstarter from 2010 to 2020, confirms the spillover effect of category legitimacy on entrepreneurial fundraising. Furthermore, the spillover effect of stable legitimacy is much stronger than that of transient legitimacy, and this effect weakens when entrepreneurs have greater past successes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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28. Supplemental Data from Identification of a Genomic Region between SLC29A1 and HSP90AB1 Associated with Risk of Bevacizumab-Induced Hypertension: CALGB 80405 (Alliance)

Author

Li, Megan, primary, Mulkey, Flora, primary, Jiang, Chen, primary, O’Neil, Bert H., primary, Schneider, Bryan P., primary, Shen, Fei, primary, Friedman, Paula N., primary, Momozawa, Yukihide, primary, Kubo, Michiaki, primary, Niedzwiecki, Donna, primary, Hochster, Howard S., primary, Lenz, Heinz-Josef, primary, Atkins, James N., primary, Rugo, Hope S., primary, Halabi, Susan, primary, Kelly, William Kevin, primary, McLeod, Howard L., primary, Innocenti, Federico, primary, Ratain, Mark J., primary, Venook, Alan P., primary, Owzar, Kouros, primary, and Kroetz, Deanna L., primary

Published
2023
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29. Investigating the content and structure of post-secondary preparation courses at McMaster University

Author

Choksi, Hani, Li, Megan, Lucchese, Alexandra, Al-Humuzi, Noor, Al-Humuzi, Huda, and Gravely, Evan

Subjects
Hamilton, community-engaged research, intersessional learning, students, first year experience
Abstract

University INSPIRE Office of Flexible Learning recognizes that a large gap exists in the skills, knowledge, and expectations of first-year students transitioning from high school to university. As a result, the INSPIRE intersession learning courses were designed to help incoming first-year students transition into their first year of university. McMaster Research Shop collected feedback on the experiences of first and second-year McMaster University students to identify course topics and a structure that would be appropriate for INSPIRE courses.

Published
2023

31. Biallelic PRMT7 pathogenic variants are associated with a recognizable syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder with short stature, obesity, and craniofacial and digital abnormalities

Author

Cali, Elisa, primary, Suri, Mohnish, additional, Scala, Marcello, additional, Ferla, Matteo P., additional, Alavi, Shahryar, additional, Faqeih, Eissa Ali, additional, Bijlsma, Emilia K., additional, Wigby, Kristen M., additional, Baralle, Diana, additional, Mehrjardi, Mohammad Y.V., additional, Schwab, Jennifer, additional, Platzer, Konrad, additional, Steindl, Katharina, additional, Hashem, Mais, additional, Jones, Marilyn, additional, Niyazov, Dmitriy M., additional, Jacober, Jennifer, additional, Littlejohn, Rebecca Okashah, additional, Weis, Denisa, additional, Zadeh, Neda, additional, Rodan, Lance, additional, Goldenberg, Alice, additional, Lecoquierre, François, additional, Dutra-Clarke, Marina, additional, Horvath, Gabriella, additional, Young, Dana, additional, Orenstein, Naama, additional, Bawazeer, Shahad, additional, Vulto-van Silfhout, Anneke T., additional, Herenger, Yvan, additional, Dehghani, Mohammadreza, additional, Seyedhassani, Seyed Mohammad, additional, Bahreini, Amir, additional, Nasab, Mahya E., additional, Ercan-Sencicek, A. Gulhan, additional, Firoozfar, Zahra, additional, Movahedinia, Mojtaba, additional, Efthymiou, Stephanie, additional, Striano, Pasquale, additional, Karimiani, Ehsan Ghayoor, additional, Salpietro, Vincenzo, additional, Taylor, Jenny C., additional, Redman, Melody, additional, Stegmann, Alexander P.A., additional, Laner, Andreas, additional, Abdel-Salam, Ghada, additional, Li, Megan, additional, Bengala, Mario, additional, Müller, Amelie Johanna, additional, Digilio, Maria C., additional, Rauch, Anita, additional, Gunel, Murat, additional, Titheradge, Hannah, additional, Schweitzer, Daniela N., additional, Kraus, Alison, additional, Valenzuela, Irene, additional, McLean, Scott D., additional, Phornphutkul, Chanika, additional, Salih, Mustafa, additional, Begtrup, Amber, additional, Schnur, Rhonda E., additional, Torti, Erin, additional, Haack, Tobias B., additional, Prada, Carlos E., additional, Alkuraya, Fowzan S., additional, Houlden, Henry, additional, and Maroofian, Reza, additional

Published
2023
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36. De novo variants in FRMD5 are associated with developmental delay, intellectual disability, ataxia, and abnormalities of eye movement

Author

Lu, Shenzhao, primary, Ma, Mengqi, additional, Mao, Xiao, additional, Bacino, Carlos A., additional, Jankovic, Joseph, additional, Sutton, V. Reid, additional, Bartley, James A., additional, Wang, Xueying, additional, Rosenfeld, Jill A., additional, Beleza-Meireles, Ana, additional, Chauhan, Jaynee, additional, Pan, Xueyang, additional, Li, Megan, additional, Liu, Pengfei, additional, Prescott, Katrina, additional, Amin, Sam, additional, Davies, George, additional, Wangler, Michael F., additional, Dai, Yuwei, additional, and Bellen, Hugo J., additional

Published
2022
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39. The major pain source of rotator cuff‐related shoulder pain: A narrative review on current evidence.

Author

Lo, Chi Ngai, Leung, Bernard Pui Lam, Sanders, Grant, Li, Megan Wai Ming, and Ngai, Shirley P. C.

Subjects
SHOULDER pain, ACROMION, PAIN, SHOULDER injuries, SHOULDER disorders, MOVEMENT disorders, SCAPULA, ROTATOR cuff, NOCICEPTIVE pain
Abstract

Background: Rotator cuff‐related shoulder pain (RCRSP) was proposed to have a complex pain mechanism, but the exact aetiology is still unclear. A recent review summarised the updated research to analyse the traditional concept of shoulder impingement which may not be accurate. Current studies have demonstrated that mechanical factors including a reduction in subacromial space, scapular dyskinesia and different acromial shapes are unlikely directly contributing to RCRSP. Aims: Since the precise RCRSP pain mechanism remains unclear, the aim of this narrative review is to discuss possible sources of pain contributing to RCRSP according to the mechanisms‐based pain classifications. Results and Discussion: Research findings on potential mechanical nociceptive factors of RCRSP are conflicting; investigations of neuropathic and central pain mechanisms of RCRSP are limited and inconclusive. Overall, available evidence has indicated moderate to strong correlations between RCRSP and chemical nociceptive sources of pain. Conclusion: Results from current research may provide new directions for future studies on the aetiology of RCRSP and its clinical management towards a biochemical view instead of the traditional mechanical hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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40. Developing a Drift Rate Distribution for Technosignature Searches of Exoplanets

Author

Li, Megan

Abstract

A stable-frequency transmitter with relative radial acceleration with respect to to a receiver will show a change in received frequency over time, known as a “drift rate”. If the transmitter is on an exoplanet, and the receiver on Earth, we must account for multiple components of drift rate: the orbit of the transmitter’s planet around its host star, the rotation of the transmitter’s planet, and the Earth’s planetary orbit and rotation, among other contributions. Understanding the drift rate distribution produced by planets in our galaxy, relative to Earth, can a) help us constrain which drift rates should be covered in a Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) project to detect radio technosignatures and b) help us determine the validity of signals-of-interest, as we can attempt to match any drifting signals that we detect with the expected distributions from the target star. In this project, we modeled the drift rate distribution for over 4000 confirmed exoplanets, using parameters from the NASA Exoplanet Archive (NEA). We find that the confirmed exoplanets have a drift rates distribution such that 99% of them fall within the ± 45 nHz range. This implies a distribution-informed maximum drift rate ∼ 4 times lower than previous work. However, we know that the planetary sample in the NEA is subject to observational biases. Therefore, we also simulated an exoplanet population built to reduce these biases, based on recent exoplanet population literature. The results suggest that, for a target star without known exoplanets, ± 1 nHz would be sufficient to account for 99% of signals. This huge reduction in recommended maximum drift rate is partially due to inclination effects, and partially due to bias from the exoplanetary period. The narrowed drift rate maxima from both the NEA and the simulated population will increase the efficiency of searches and save significant computational effort in future radio technosignature searches.

Published
2022
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42. Genetic Predictors of Bevacizumab-Induced Hypertension

Author

Li, Megan S.

Subjects
Genetics, Pharmacology, Bioinformatics, adenosine, bevacizumab, ENT1, hypertension, nitric oxide, VEGF
Abstract

Bevacizumab is a vascular endothelial growth factor-specific angiogenesis inhibitor indicated as an adjunct to chemotherapy for the treatment of several types of cancer. Hypertension is commonly observed during bevacizumab treatment, and high-grade toxicity can limit therapy and lead to other cardiovascular complications. The factors that contribute to interindividual variability in blood pressure response to bevacizumab treatment are not well understood. To identify novel mechanisms of bevacizumab-induced hypertension, the research in this dissertation explored genetic variation associated with the toxicity. A sequencing analysis of whole exomes and candidate gene regulatory regions identified a genomic region between SLC29A1 and HSP90AB1 containing several variants associated with hypertension in colorectal cancer patients with extreme toxicity phenotypes. Functional experiments in human endothelial cells provide evidence that variation in SLC29A1 (ENT1) expression is associated with altered adenosine signaling that modulates the synthesis of vasodilatory molecules during bevacizumab treatment. These results suggest that increased basal expression of SLC29A1 and low extracellular adenosine levels may sensitive patients to a rise in blood pressure during bevacizumab exposure. Additionally, a genome-wide association study of a larger, independent cohort of breast cancer patients identified variants associated with cumulative bevacizumab dose at the first occurrence of hypertension. Several of these SNPs are located within or near genes of biological interest (MSH6, SDC4, ASB5, SMYD5) and may highlight additional mechanisms important in the pathogenesis of the toxicity. Collectively, the studies in this dissertation identified novel genetic loci that potentially modify the risk of developing bevacizumab-induced hypertension. The results of this research will advance understanding of the biological mechanism of this adverse drug reaction and should be considered in the future use and development of angiogenesis inhibitors.

Published
2017

46. sj-pdf-1-etp-10.1177_10422587221138228 – Supplemental material for Does a Past Category’s Success Influence Existing Entrepreneurial Fundraising? A Legitimacy Spillover Perspective

Author

Li, Megan Yuan, Dong, Charson Cancan, and Makino, Shige

Subjects
FOS: Economics and business, 150310 Organisation and Management Theory
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-etp-10.1177_10422587221138228 for Does a Past Category’s Success Influence Existing Entrepreneurial Fundraising? A Legitimacy Spillover Perspective by Megan Yuan Li, Charson Cancan Dong and Shige Makino in Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice

Published
2022
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47. An Environmental Scan of Organizations Supporting Racialized Students in Canada

Author

Sultan, Zenia, Dilipkumar, Joana, Muralitharan, Maiura, Li, Megan, and Pangborn, Nikki

Subjects
Hamilton, community-engaged research, environmental scan, Hamilton school boards, BIPOC
Abstract

Hamilton Students for Justice (HS4J) is a collective of Black and racialized student organizers working to disrupt oppressive practices in Hamilton school boards. HS4J intends to develop initiatives within the Hamilton school boards to improve the safety and well-being of Black and racialized Hamilton-based youth. To support this initiative, HS4J approached the McMaster Research Shop in Fall 2021 to conduct an environmental scan of community-led groups that are advocating for the safety and well-being of Black, Indigenous, Latinx, Middle Eastern, and Asian students in Canadian public secondary schools. This report presents a summary of the findings.

Published
2022

50. Understanding the Needs and Concerns of Communities Affected by Hate in Hamilton

Author

Sultan, Zenia, Kovacevic, Dusan, MacDonald, Kyle, Li, Megan, and Gao, Zizheng

Subjects
Hamilton, community-engaged research, hate crime, hate crime reporting, community intervention
Abstract

The McMaster Research Shop partnered with the Hamilton Centre for Civic Inclusion to consult communities affected by hate crimes in Hamilton on the development of an online hate crime reporting database as an alternative to reporting to police. This report is a summary of the findings from focus groups.

Published
2021

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