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In Janus photocatalysts, intrinsic dipole (P) plays an important role in the separation of photogenerated carriers and photocatalytic activity for water splitting. However, effectively switching the direction of the P vector between different surfaces is still an open issue. Based on first-principles calculation, we find that the P vector relies on charge distribution, while the distribution of the conduction band maximum-distributed reduction reaction surfaces (Sc) and valence band minimum-distributed oxidation surfaces (Sv) depends on the orbital hybridization in GaOI-based Janus. The direction of the P vector can be switched between Sc and Sv by substituting a metal or halogen atomic layer. The P vector in the direction from Sc to Sv releases bandgap limitation, broadens the light absorption range, and improves high carriers' mobility and solar-to-hydrogen efficiency (STH) efficiency, while the P vector pointing from Sv to Sc hinders the photocatalytic activity of GaOI-based Janus. Based on the investigation of STH efficiency and redox reactions, GaInOI is found to be a potential photocatalyst for overall water splitting. The stability of the Janus is studied by ab initio molecular dynamics and phonon diffusion spectrum. Current work proposes that switching the direction of the P vector between Sv and Sc is a potential route to regulate the band structure, optical absorption, and photocatalytic activity in GaOI-based Janus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives  Cranioorbital lesions present a great challenge for neurosurgeons and ophthalmologists. There is no consensus on the choice of surgical approach. The aims of this study were to investigate 49 cases of cranioorbital lesions and evaluate surgical approaches and outcomes. Patients and Methods  A retrospective study was done on 49 patients (51 operations) from 2009 to 2018. Information about the lesion was used to decide whether the supraorbital eyebrow approach (SEA) or pterional approach (PA) was performed. Results  Twenty-eight patients had surgical resection using SEA, 21 patients received PA, each group included one case of recurrence, who underwent reoperation via the same approach. SEA provided better cosmetic satisfaction, and a shorter incision than PA (p  < 0.05). There was no significant difference in total resection rates, visual outcomes, recovery of ptosis, and other new surgical-related complications between SEA group and PA group (p  > 0.05). Forty-nine cases of proptosis (94.1%, 49/51) were improved. Thirty-three patients (33/37, 89.2%) who underwent follow-up for longer than 12 weeks had a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤ 3. Conclusion  Surgery is the preferred treatment for cranioorbital lesions, but total resection is difficult. SEA may be a more minimally invasive option for some more limited lesions superior to optic nerve. PA may be more reasonable for the lesion with obvious hyperostosis and more extensive lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To perform an accurate primary repair of temporal bone defects., Material and Methods: The temporal bone defect models were performed in beagles. Extended estimated patches of the defects were predesigned by 3D reconstruction software and molded from polyether ether ketone (PEEK) using a lathe. The precise trimming of the extended PEEK patches was established via coordinate transformation of the patches between the navigation system and the reconstruction software, and in real-time tracing via intraoperative navigation. Trimmed PEEK patches were embedded onto the defects. Blood tests and image examinations were conducted postoperatively., Results: The extended PEEK patches were prepared precisely according to the predesign. Real-time tracing of the actual skull defect profile was performed quickly and accurately. Trimmed skull patches perfectly matched the shape of the defects. No signs of infection, absorption, or translocation of the patches occurred postoperatively, and little epidural effusion was found., Conclusion: With the assistance of navigation and 3D reconstruction technology, customized molded PEEK patches can be used for accurate primary repair of temporal bone defects.