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Objective To explore the effects of electroacupuncture pretreatment on mitochondrial energy metabolism in the rats with myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI). Methods A total of 60 SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into a sham-operation group (sham group), a myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury group (MIRI group) and an electroacupuncture pretreatment group (EA group), 20 rats in each one. The rats in the sham group and the MIRI group were binded for 7 days, once a day, 20 min each time. On the 8th day, the sample was collected after the heart exposed for 50 min in thoractomy in the sham group and the sample was collected after ischemia for 20 min and reperfusion for 30 min in thoractomy in the MIRI group. In the EA group, the pretreatment intervention with electroacupuncture was applied at "Neiguān (内关PC6)", "Guānyuan (关元CV4)" and "Zusānlĭ (足三里ST36)" in the rats for 7 days, once a day, 20 min each time. On the 8th day, after ischemia for 20 min and reperfusion for 30 min in thoractomy, the sample was collected in the EA group. The changes in STⅡ segment of electroacardiogram (ECG) were observed and measured. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the concentrations of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI)were detected. Using nitro blue tetrazolium chloride monohydrate (NBT) staining, the myocardial infarction weight percentage was measured. Using ELISA, the concentrations of mitochondrial adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP)and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)were detected. Results (1) STⅡ changes: in 20 min of ligation, compared with the sham group, the STⅡ segment of electrocardiograph (ECG) was elevated significantly in the MIRI group and EA group (both P Conclusions Electroacupuncture pretreatment reduces the elevation of ECG STⅡ segment, decreases the concentrations of myocardial injury markers, cTnT and cTnI and regulates the transfer among AMP, ATP and ADP. The protective effect of electroacupuncture pretreatment may result from the regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism.

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) preconditioning on left-cardiac function, contents of serum TNF-α and IL-6 and expression of myocardial farnesoid X receptor(FXR), small heterodimer partner (SHP), apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70) genes in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) rats, so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of ischemic myocardial injury.Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control, sham operation, MIRI model and EA pretreatment groups, with 10 rats in each group. Rats of the sham operation group received exposure of the thorax and heart. The MIRI model was established by occlusion of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery (LAD). EA (2 Hz/100 Hz and 1 mA) was applied to bilateral "Neiguan" (PC6), "Zusanli" (ST36) and "Guanyuan" (CV4) for 20 min, once a day for 7 days. The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP)and maximal rates of rise and fall of left ventricular pressure (±dp/dtCompared with the normal control group, the LVEDP, contents of serum TNF-α and IL-6, and the expression levels of myocardial FXR, SHP, AIF and HSP70 mRNAs were significantly increased (EA pretreatment can protect the left ventricular function of the ischemic heart in MIRI rats, which may be related to its effects in reliving peripheral inflammation and regulating the expression levels of apoptosis-related factors FXR, SHP, AIF and HSP70 in the myocardium.

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) preconditioning on cell apoptosis and the content of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI), so as to explore their mechanisms underlying improvement of MIRI.Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, sham, ischemia reperfusion (IR) and EA groups, with 20 rats in each group. Rats of the control, sham and IR groups were just banded on the boards for 30 min, once daily for 7 days. Before modeling, EA (2 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to "Neiguan" (PC6), "Zusanli" (ST36), "Guanyuan"(CV4) for 20 min, once daily for 7 successive days in the EA group. The MIRI model was established by occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery for 20 min, followed by reperfusion for 30 min. Ventricular arrhythmia (VA) score was used to evaluate arrhythmia. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the level of CK-MB. DHE staining was used to detect the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The gene expression levels of cytochrome C (Cyt-C), Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.Compared with the sham group, VA score, serum CK-MB content, ROS content in heart tissue and Cyt-C, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 gene expression were significantly up-regulated in the MIRI group (allThe protective effect of EA preconditioning on MIRI may be based on the regulation of ROS mediated-apoptosis pathway.

Additional file 1: Table S1. COG function classification of encoding proteins in the genome of L. taiwanensis CLG01. Table S2. The phosphotransferase system (PTS) in the genome of L. taiwanensis CLG01. Table S3. Detailed information of the bacteriocin biosynthetic gene cluster in L. taiwanensis CLG01 genome. Table S4. Detailed information of the LAP biosynthetic gene cluster in L. taiwanensis CLG01 genome. Table S5. Detailed information of the Lanthipeptide biosynthetic gene cluster in L. taiwanensis CLG01 genome. Figure S1. Colony morphology of L. taiwanensis CLG01 on MRS agar plate after 48 h of incubation. Figure S2. Morphology of L. taiwanensis CLG01 under a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Additional file 1.

Previous studies were controversial about the role of psychosocial factors in the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer (EC). This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effect size of psychosocial risk factors for EC in Chinese cohort. A literature search was conducted in both English and Chinese databases, and odds ratios (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled using a random-effects model. 28 studies were identified with a total of 6951 EC cases and 7469 controls. The meta-analysis indicated a higher risk of EC among the individuals with psychological trauma (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.71–3.26), Type A behavior (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.17–1.67), depression (OR: 4.00, 95% CI: 2.44–6.55), melancholy (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.32–3.20), always in sulks (OR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.21–5.12), and irritable personality (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.58–2.89). A lower EC risk was found in the individuals with good interpersonal relationship (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.17–0.70) and outgoing personality (OR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.19–0.78). This meta-analysis suggested a potential association between psychosocial factors and EC risk. For the individuals with psychosocial risk factors, physicians should pay more attention to EC screening.

L-α-Glycerylphosphorylcholine (L-α-GPC) is effective to control the symptoms of cognitive decline for the patients of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, an HPLC method coupled with a refractive index detector was developed to evaluate the intrinsic stability of L-α-GPC. The separation of L-α-GPC and its major potential degradation products was achieved on a normal-phase silica gel column (4.6 mm × 250 mm) with the mobile phase consisting of methanol-20 mM ammonium formate aqueous solution (pH 3.2) (65:35, v/v) in isocratic mode. The HPLC method was validated satisfactorily with respect to precision, accuracy and robustness. It is found that L-α-GPC is stable under the photolytic, thermal, oxidative and acidic conditions, while relatively sensitive to alkaline condition due to the specific breakage of phosphate ester bond in the moiety of L-α-GPC. A preliminary kinetics study for the alkaline degradation was conducted with the corresponding kinetics parameters obtained. It can be concluded that the developed HPLC method is capable of distinguishing the stability difference between the two phosphate ester bonds characterized on the L-α-GPC chemical structure.

To investigate the effect of all transretinoicacid(ATRA) combined with decitabine (5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine;DAC) on DNA methylation and gene expression of p16INK4a (p16) and retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ), and to explore their combined anti neoplastic effect on U937 cells and newly diagnose delder acute myeloid leukemia(AML) patients.The expression levels of p16 and RARβ were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Methylation-specific PCR was used to analyze their methylation status. WST-1 and flow cytometry were performed to detect growth inhibition, differentiation, apoptosis and cell cycle of U937 cells respectively.The expression p16 and RARβ was down-regulated by promoter hypermethylation in newly diagnose delder AML patients and U937 cells. Combination treatment of ATRA and DAC induced DNA hypomethylation as well as gene expression of p16 and RARβ, which contributed to the growth inhibition, differentiation, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of U937 cells. In addition for elder AML patients intolerable to standard chemotherapy, the combination regimen of ATRA and DAC showed antineoplastic activity accompamied by up-regulation of p16 and RARβ expression and decrease of bone marrow blast, moreover the parients showed good tolerence to the reginen.The regimen of ATRA combined with DAC as the combination therapeutic strategy for inducing differentiation and demethylation possesses the anti-AML potency, and contributes to optimizing the therapeutic strategy for elder AML patients and promoting the clinical prognosis.

Summary: Background: The use of antibiotics is considered a major determinant of the development of resistance in organisms. This study assessed current patterns of antibiotic prescription and provides background for quality improvement in general hospitals in Hubei, China. Methods: A point-prevalence study was performed in November 2008. All inpatients on the day of the survey were included in the analysis. Results: On the day of the study, 6904 patients (56%) were receiving antibiotic therapy; the highest rate occurred in the ICU (90%), and the lowest occurred in the medical wards (39%). The most commonly used antibiotics were β-lactam antibiotics, including cephalosporins (40%) and piperacillin (19%), followed by fluoroquinolones (14%). Conclusions: Our data indicated a high rate of antibiotic use in Chinese hospitals. These findings suggest important areas for intervention and the implementation of antibiotic stewardship policies in Chinese hospitals. A multi-faceted strategy should be implemented at the national level in China and should include education, regulation, and greater financial support from the government. Keywords: Antibiotic use, Point-prevalence survey, China

To investigate the percentage of blasts with the CD34The percentage of CD34The median percentage of CD34The percentage of CD34