Search

Aims: To investigate the association between pregnancy intention and smoking or alcohol consumption in preconception and pregnancy periods. Background: Suboptimal lifestyle such as smoking and alcohol consumption can lead to devastating outcomes on the maternal and foetus. Pregnancy intention exerts a significant effect on promoting healthy lifestyle behaviours. However, no reliable evidences confirmed pregnancy intention was associated with smoking and alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy. Design: Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Methods: We performed a comprehensive search from databases including PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, MEDLINE, ProQuest and Scopus from the inception of these databases up to November, 2020. All eligible studies exploring the association between pregnancy intention and smoking or alcohol consumption were included. The fixed‐ or random effect pooled measure was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) or risk ratio (RR) and 95% CI. In addition, the PRISMA checklist was used in this meta‐analysis. Results: A total of 23 studies were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis. During pregnancy, the findings suggested that women with unplanned pregnancy were 68% more likely to consume cigarettes (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.44–1.95) and 44% more likely to consume alcohol (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.15–1.81) than those women with planned pregnancy. Meanwhile, during preconception, women with unplanned pregnancy were 30% more likely to consume cigarettes (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.10–1.53) and 20% more likely to consume alcohol (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.01–1.42) than those women with planned pregnancy. Conclusion: The findings suggested that women with unplanned pregnancy were more likely to follow unhealthy behaviours such as smoking and alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy. Health professionals should consider the women's desire for pregnancy to decrease preconception and pregnancy smoking or alcohol consumption in future studies. Relevance of clinical practice: Pregnancy intention is the key determinant of smoking and alcohol consumption during preconception and pregnancy periods. Offering effective contraception in primary healthcare setting could prevent unplanned pregnancy. Meanwhile, popularising minimal alcohol consumption and comprehensive smoke‐free legislation would be beneficial to improve reproductive outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in humans. Its therapy procedures such as breast biopsy can cause anxiety and persistent pain in patients. Virtual reality (VR) has been applied to promote comfort in various populations. However, the effectiveness of VR in relieving pain and anxiety in patients undergoing breast cancer treatment is unclear., Purpose: This study was designed to examine the effect of VR on anxiety and pain in people undergoing treatment for breast cancer., Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and MEDLINE databases were searched for studies involving VR, pain, and anxiety in patients with breast cancer published up to March 2022. The Cochrane Handbook for Systems quality evaluation standard 6.3.0 was followed to assess risk of bias in the identified studies, with the results reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Subsequently, a meta-analysis of the included data was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software., Results: Six randomized controlled trials and one quasi-experimental study were included. The strength of the evidence ranged from moderate to high. Although VR was found to ameliorate anxiety in patients with breast cancer, only three studies showed statistically significant changes. All of the included studies reported statistically significant improvement in pain levels. In addition, two of the studies reported cybersickness symptoms as a common side effect of VR., Conclusions: VR has an important role to play in alleviating pain in patients with breast cancer. However, evidence demonstrating VR's importance in alleviating anxiety symptoms in this population is insufficient. Studies conducted with larger sample sizes and high-quality research methodologies will be necessary to clarify this issue. Clinical nurses should address the potential side effects of VR., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)