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The lane-changing behavior is one of the important causes in traffic accident in congest traffic, and many behaviors of change lane affect volume of traffic. When autonomous driving vehicles are running on road with human-driven vehicles, the effects of change lane on traffic are different. In all human-driven vehicles traffic, the vehicle behaviors of changing lane are more competent. When autonomous driving vehicles are running in mixed traffic, the behaviors of changing lane decrease and the volume of traffic increases. However, a few studies have involved the relationship between traffic volume and lane-change behavior. In a sense, the study of this relationship is good for understanding the operation mechanism of mixed traffic. In this paper, we proposed the linear regression model to describe the relationship between traffic volume and lane-change behavior. The model can be used to establish the basic graph model. Here, we used empirical, simulation, and data-driven methods to obtain data and established a multiple linear regression model. First, we empirically study the continuous traffic with all human-driven vehicles. Then, the corresponding simulation model is established, and the availability of the simulation model is proved by data comparison with empirical study. Finally, 9 rounds of simulation experiments are carried out with the established simulation model. The number of autonomous driving vehicles in each round of simulation experiment increases by 10%. Then, we analyze the data of the behaviors of changing lane and the volume of traffic from simulation experiments. The following was found: (1) an increase in autonomous driving vehicle leads to an increase in traffic volume and a slight decrease in lane changing behaviors; (2) the influence of different proportions of autonomous vehicles on the traffic volume of lanes at different locations is slightly different; and (3) the relationships among the rate of vehicles entering lane, the rate of vehicles exiting lane together, and the volume of traffic show obvious linear relationships with the increase in autonomous driving vehicles. We used multiple linear regression models to carry out description, and the obtained parameter value intervals are close under different operating ratios of autonomous vehicles. To sum up, on multilane roads, especially 4-lane urban expressways, autonomous driving vehicles join in the traffic, which can effectively increase the volume of traffic of each lane while reducing vehicle behaviors of changing lane. The relationships between vehicle behaviors of changing lane and the traffic volume in mixed traffic show linear relationships with the increase in autonomous driving vehicles. In the future, we will further study whether this relationship model can be used in discrete traffic flow., Author(s): Han Xie (corresponding author) [1]; Kehong Li [1]; Juanxiu Zhu [1] 1. Introduction In the last decade, autonomous driving vehicles have developed vigorously. With the prominence of energy problems, [...]

Robust optimal design of circulation systems (e.g., roads for vehicles or corridors for pedestrians) relies on an accurate steady-state traffic flow model that considers the effect of randomly changing environmental factors (e.g., daily periodicity and weather). Most analytical models assume that the customer interarrival time and service time of circulation facilities follow the exponential distribution with fixed rate parameters, which is unrealistic in most cases. In this paper, we develop a stationary PH (i)/PH ((i,n)/(C/C)) state-dependent queuing model in a randomly changing environment (RE), which is represented by a Markov chain. The model simultaneously considers the general randomness of arrival and service, the randomly varying rate parameters, and the state-dependent service (the travel time increases with the number of customers). The existing matrix analytic scheme (MAS) algorithm is extended to solve the proposed model because it avoids the explicit calculation of probability distributions. The space complexity of the algorithm is only linear in the number of RE states and is independent of the enormous (four-dimensional) state space of the Markov process. Its time complexity is a linear function of the product of the queue capacity and the number of RE states. Our model is validated versus simulation estimates. The obtained conditional performance measures can accurately capture the queue accumulation and dissipation and reveal the effect of randomly changing environments. Numerical experiments provide some interesting findings. (1) The proposed stationary model coincides with the transient M(t)/G(x)/C/C fluid queuing model under special conditions. (2) Under high traffic intensities, increasing the randomness in the duration time of the RE state leads to an obvious growth in the conditional queue length. (3) An increase in the facility length leads to an increase or a decrease in the average output rate, depending on whether the congestion dissipates effectively in one cycle. (4) A larger width is required to obtain the maximum average output rate for traffic demand with a greater nonuniformity., Author(s): Juanxiu Zhu [1]; Lu Hu (corresponding author) [2]; Han Xie [1]; Kehong Li [1] 1. Introduction Congestions in traffic circulation systems (e.g., roads for vehicles and corridors for pedestrians) [...]

Differences in cellular radiosensitivity and the binding affinity of radiopharmaceuticals could directly affect the radiotherapeutic effects. In this study, we investigated the radionuclide (177Lu) induced radiosensitivity of serval non-small-cell lung cancer cells (NSCLCs) as well as the binding affinity of cetuximab to those cells. The apoptosis of NSCLCs caused by 177Lu was related to the DNA double-strand damage and was cell-type dependent. We also proved that the introduction of 177Lu to the antibody could enhance its cytotoxic effect on NSCLCs. The [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-cetuximab could accumulate in the HCC827 tumor xenografts with excellent stability according to in vivo SPECT/CT imaging and the biodistribution results. The [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-cetuximab showed high potential to be used for targeting diagnosis and radiotherapy in lung cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrohydrodynamic jet (E-jet) printing promises to become a highly efficient and cost-effective high-resolution additive nanomanufacturing technology. However, nanoscale printing of small-molecule solvent inks requires the fabrication of nano nozzles that will accommodate the considerable spreading of the printed droplets. This study documents our steps in developing a fabrication process for nanoscale printing nozzles. First, a silicon nano nozzle mold was fabricated by side-etch lift-off, ultraviolet lithography, and deep reactive ion etching. Then, the nanoscale polymer nozzle was produced by double-casting polydimethylsiloxane and a bonding process. In the application of a polymer nano nozzle for E-jet printing of ethanolic solutions of 1-hexadecanethiol, droplets with a diameter as small as 160 nm were obtained. These results indicate that a polymer nano nozzle can be well adapted to E-jet printing with a fine resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As trastuzumab is known to target the human epidermal growth factor receptor type (HER2), the potential of [131I]I-trastuzumab as a radioimmunotherapy agent was evaluated in vitro and in vivo for HER2-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells (SKOV-3). [131I]I-trastuzumab showed promising in vitro properties and high tumor uptake in SKOV-3 xenografts. Its cellular toxicity was dose- and time-dependent, and it retained in the SKOV-3 cells in the G2/M phase of cell cycle. The mode of cell death was predominantly by apoptosis. These results demonstrate the potential of [131I]I-trastuzumab for further therapeutic evaluation in HER2-overexpressing ovarian cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an urgent need to develop more specific targeted therapies for lung cancer treatment due to the its low survival rate. EGFR is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase protein that is overexpressed in lung cancer. Herein, a novel anti-EGFR antibody, 5A7, was modified with chelators for zirconium-89 (89Zr) and lutetium-177 (177Lu) labeling. The radiolabeled 5A7 could specifically bind to A549 tumor according to the in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Furthermore, the 177Lu labeled 5A7 antibody could inhibit tumor growth significantly in A549 bearing xenografts. The radiolabeled anti-EGFR 5A7 antibody has high potential to be used for PET imaging and radiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]